MySQL + keepalived (CentOS7)高可用方案

时间:2020-12-21 06:54:36

本文主要介绍了利用 keepalived 实现 MySQL 数据库的高可用。
由于要做高可用,那么自然就需要 MySQL 双主模式,又因为数据库的特殊性,我们需要特别注意主备间的切换(不是想切就切),这个时候就需要 keepalived 非抢占模式。所以我们需要做:

  • 安装 MySQL 双主(被动)模式,实现数据的冗余备份
  • 安装 keepalived nopreempt 模式,实现 MySQL 数据库的故障切换

1 环境准备

host1host2 部署高可用,host3 上部署 MySQL 客户端用于测试,详细信息如下:

hostname ip OS install
host1 192.168.1.51 CentOS7.0 MySQL-server-5.5.45 / keepalived
host2 192.168.1.52 CentOS7.0 MySQL-server-5.5.45 / keepalived
host3 192.168.1.53 CentOS7.0 MySQL-client-5.5.45

2 安装 MySQL 双主结构

MySQL 双主顾名思义就是互为主备,需要特别注意一些配置。

  • 下面是 host1 的配置:
log-bin = bin
relay-log = relay-bin
server-id = 1
skip-slave-start = 1
auto_increment_offset = 1
auto_increment_increment = 10
# log_slave_updates = 1
  • 下面是 host2 的配置:
log-bin = bin
relay-log = relay-bin
server-id = 2
skip-slave-start = 1
auto_increment_offset = 2
auto_increment_increment = 10
# log_slave_updates = 1
  • 注意:
log-bin 是一定要开启的,主要用于主备之间的同步
relay-log 重命名以下也有必要,这个参数可以不配置
两个实例的 server-id 必须配置不一样
skip-slave-start 是为了数据一致性
auto_increment_offset 是自增字段从哪开始
auto_increment_increment 是自增字段增加的幅度,配置成10是为了容易预估表的行数
如果你要给这两个实例再加 slave,那么你就需要配置 log_slave_updates 参数
  • 按上面的配置启动 host1host2 上的 MySQL 实例
  • 设置主主模式
---- 在 host1 上执行:
mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO 'replication'@'192.168.1.52' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD 'helloworld';
---- 在 host2 上执行:
mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO 'replication'@'192.168.1.51' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD 'helloworld';
---- 在 host1 上执行:
mysql> start slave;
---- 在 host1 上执行:
mysql> start slave;
  • note: 如果报如下错误:
ERROR 1372 (HY000): Password hash should be a 41-digit hexadecimal number

只需要按照如下处理即可:

mysql> select password('helloworld');
+-------------------------------------------+

| password('helloworld') |
+-------------------------------------------+

| *D35DB127DB631E6E27C6B75E8D376B04F64FAF83 |
+-------------------------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO 'replication'@'192.168.10.51' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*D35DB127DB631E6E27C6B75E8D376B04F64FAF83';
mysql> flush privileges;

3 部署高可用检测脚本

# cat /sbin/ha_check.sh
#!/bin/bash

counter=$(ps -C mysqld --no-heading|wc -l)
if [ "${counter}" = "0" ]; then
service keepalived stop
fi

# chmod +x /sbin/ha_check.sh

4 部署 keepalived 非抢占模式

  • 安装 keepalived
# yum install keepalived
  • 修改配置文件
###### host1 配置文件
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {
cjfeii@126.com
}
notification_email_from ha@126.com
smtp_server smtp.126.com
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id host1
}
vrrp_sync_group hw_vsg {
group {
hw_vi
}
}
vrrp_script check_apps {
script "/sbin/ha_check.sh"
interval 3
}
vrrp_instance hw_vi {
state BACKUP
nopreempt

interface eth0

virtual_router_id 51
priority 150
advert_int 3
authentication {

auth_type PASS
auth_pass 123456
}

virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.10.100/24 dev em1 scope global
192.168.10.200/24 dev em1 scope global
}
track_script {
check_apps
}
}
######
###### host2 配置文件
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {
cjfeii@126.com
}
notification_email_from ha@126.com
smtp_server smtp.126.com
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id host2
}
vrrp_sync_group hw_vsg {
group {
hw_vi
}
}
vrrp_script check_apps {
script "/sbin/ha_check.sh"
interval 3
}
vrrp_instance hw_vi {
state BACKUP

interface eth0

virtual_router_id 51
priority 100
advert_int 3
authentication {

auth_type PASS
auth_pass 123456
}

virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.10.100/24 dev em1 scope global
192.168.10.200/24 dev em1 scope global
}
track_script {
check_apps
}
}
  • 启动 keepalived
# service keepalived start