gcc 4.8.1 是第一个完全支持C++11 的编译器。下文是如何在Ubuntu 12.04, Ubuntu 13.04 或 Ubuntu 12.10中通过PPA安装GCC 4.8的步骤。PPA为Ubuntu用户提供了GCC 4.7.3 和 GCC 4.8.1两个版本。在Ubuntu12.04 LTS默认安装的是gcc4.6.3,该版本只支持部分c++11的特性,可以通过增加“-std=c++0x" 编译选项来使用这些特性,但是对多线程库的支持较差。你可以参考下文的步骤,来升级系统中的gcc,g++版本。
安装步骤:
1) Ctrl+Alt+T打开终端,执行如下命令adding PPA to your repositories:
test@test:/install$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test
2) 安装gcc 4.8 和 g++ 4.8
test@test:/install$ sudo apt-get update; sudo apt-get install gcc-4.8 g++-4.8
3) 装完后,依次执行如下命令将系统默认的gcc,g++编译器版本设置为4.8版本
test@test:/install$ sudo update-alternatives --remove-all gcc
update-alternatives: error: no alternatives for gcc.
test@test:/install$ sudo update-alternatives --remove-all g++
update-alternatives: error: no alternatives for g++.
test@test:/install$ sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-4.8 20
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/gcc-4.8 to provide /usr/bin/gcc (gcc) in auto mode.
test@test:/install$ sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/bin/g++-4.8 20
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/g++-4.8 to provide /usr/bin/g++ (g++) in auto mode.
test@test:/install$ sudo update-alternatives --config gcc
There is only one alternative in link group gcc: /usr/bin/gcc-4.8
Nothing to configure.
test@test:/install$ sudo update-alternatives --config g++
There is only one alternative in link group g++: /usr/bin/g++-4.8
Nothing to configure.
4) 安装完毕。现在你的系统中已经默认使用gcc 4.8和g++ 4.8了。通过如下命令查看:
test@test:/install$ g++ --version
g++ (Ubuntu 4.8.1-2ubuntu1~12.04) 4.8.1
Copyright (C) 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
test@test:/install$ gcc --version
gcc (Ubuntu 4.8.1-2ubuntu1~12.04) 4.8.1
Copyright (C) 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
译文地址: http://ubuntuhandbook.org/index.php/2013/08/install-gcc-4-8-via-ppa-in-ubuntu-12-04-13-04/