如何在 Microsoft Visual C# .NET 中实现 Microsoft Excel 自动化

时间:2021-04-08 06:54:31
本文阐述如何使用 Microsoft Visual C# .NET 为 Microsoft Excel 创建自动化客户端。

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通过自动化过程,使用诸如 Visual C# .NET 这样的语言编写的应用程序就可以用编程方式来控...

通过自动化过程,使用诸如 Visual C# .NET 这样的语言编写的应用程序就可以用编程方式来控制其他应用程序。利用 Excel 的自动化功能,您可以执行诸如新建工作簿、向工作簿添加数据或创建图表等操作。对于 Excel 和其他 Microsoft Office 应用程序,几乎所有可以通过用户界面手动执行的操作也都可以通过使用"自动化"功能以编程方式来执行。

Excel 通过一种对象模型来公开这一程序功能。该对象模型是一些类和方法的集合,这些类和方法充当 Excel 的逻辑组件。例如,有 Application 对象、 Workbook 对象和 Worksheet 对象,其中每一种对象都包含 Excel 中那些组件的功能。要从 Visual C# .NET 访问该对象模型,可以设置对类型库的项目引用。

本文将阐述如何为 Visual C# .NET 设置对 Excel 类型库的适当项目引用,并提供使 Excel 自动运行的代码示例。

为 Microsoft Excel 创建自动化客户端

  1. 启动 Microsoft Visual Studio .NET。
  2. 文件菜单上,单击新建,然后单击项目。从 Visual C# 项目类型中选择 Windows 应用程序。Form1 是默认创建的窗体。
  3. 添加对 Microsoft Excel 对象库的引用。为此,请按照下列步骤操作:
    1. 项目菜单上,单击添加引用
    2. COM 选项卡上,找到 Microsoft Excel 对象库,然后单击选择

      注意:Microsoft Office 2003 包含主 Interop 程序集 (PIA)。Microsoft Office XP 不包含 PIA,但您可以下载 PIA。 有关 Office XP PIA 的更多信息,请单击下面的文章编号,以查看 Microsoft 知识库中相应的文章:
      328912 (http://support.microsoft.com/kb/328912/ ) Microsoft Office XP 主 interop 程序集 (PIA) 可供下载
    3. 添加引用对话框中单击确定以接受您的选择。如果系统提示您为选定的库生成包装,请单击
  4. 视图菜单上,选择工具箱以显示工具箱,然后向 Form1 添加一个按钮。
  5. 双击 Button1。出现该窗体的代码窗口。
  6. 在代码窗口中,将以下代码
    private void button1_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
    {
    }
                                            
    
    替换为:
    private void button1_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
    {
            Excel.Application oXL;
            Excel._Workbook oWB;
            Excel._Worksheet oSheet;
            Excel.Range oRng;
    
            try
            {
                    //Start Excel and get Application object.
                    oXL = new Excel.Application();
                    oXL.Visible = true;
    
                    //Get a new workbook.
                    oWB = (Excel._Workbook)(oXL.Workbooks.Add( Missing.Value ));
                    oSheet = (Excel._Worksheet)oWB.ActiveSheet;
    
                    //Add table headers going cell by cell.
                    oSheet.Cells[1, 1] = "First Name";
                    oSheet.Cells[1, 2] = "Last Name";
                    oSheet.Cells[1, 3] = "Full Name";
                    oSheet.Cells[1, 4] = "Salary";
    
                    //Format A1:D1 as bold, vertical alignment = center.
                    oSheet.get_Range("A1", "D1").Font.Bold = true;
                    oSheet.get_Range("A1", "D1").VerticalAlignment = 
                            Excel.XlVAlign.xlVAlignCenter;
                    
                    // Create an array to multiple values at once.
                    string[,] saNames = new string[5,2];
                    
                    saNames[ 0, 0] = "John";
                    saNames[ 0, 1] = "Smith";
                    saNames[ 1, 0] = "Tom";
                    saNames[ 1, 1] = "Brown";
                    saNames[ 2, 0] = "Sue";
                    saNames[ 2, 1] = "Thomas";
                    saNames[ 3, 0] = "Jane";
                    saNames[ 3, 1] = "Jones";
                    saNames[ 4, 0] = "Adam";
                    saNames[ 4, 1] = "Johnson";
    
                    //Fill A2:B6 with an array of values (First and Last Names).
                    oSheet.get_Range("A2", "B6").Value2 = saNames;
    
                    //Fill C2:C6 with a relative formula (=A2 & " " & B2).
                    oRng = oSheet.get_Range("C2", "C6");
                    oRng.Formula = "=A2 & \" \" & B2";
    
                    //Fill D2:D6 with a formula(=RAND()*100000) and apply format.
                    oRng = oSheet.get_Range("D2", "D6");
                    oRng.Formula = "=RAND()*100000";
                    oRng.NumberFormat = "$0.00";
    
                    //AutoFit columns A:D.
                    oRng = oSheet.get_Range("A1", "D1");
                    oRng.EntireColumn.AutoFit();
    
                    //Manipulate a variable number of columns for Quarterly Sales Data.
                    DisplayQuarterlySales(oSheet);
    
                    //Make sure Excel is visible and give the user control
                    //of Microsoft Excel's lifetime.
                    oXL.Visible = true;
                    oXL.UserControl = true;
            }
            catch( Exception theException ) 
            {
                    String errorMessage;
                    errorMessage = "Error: ";
                    errorMessage = String.Concat( errorMessage, theException.Message );
                    errorMessage = String.Concat( errorMessage, " Line: " );
                    errorMessage = String.Concat( errorMessage, theException.Source );
    
                    MessageBox.Show( errorMessage, "Error" );
            }
    }
    
    private void DisplayQuarterlySales(Excel._Worksheet oWS)
    {
            Excel._Workbook oWB;
            Excel.Series oSeries;
            Excel.Range oResizeRange;
            Excel._Chart oChart;
            String sMsg;
            int iNumQtrs;
    
            //Determine how many quarters to display data for.
            for( iNumQtrs = 4; iNumQtrs >= 2; iNumQtrs--)
            {
                    sMsg = "Enter sales data for ";
                    sMsg = String.Concat( sMsg, iNumQtrs );
                    sMsg = String.Concat( sMsg, " quarter(s)?");
    
                    DialogResult iRet = MessageBox.Show( sMsg, "Quarterly Sales?", 
                            MessageBoxButtons.YesNo );
                    if (iRet == DialogResult.Yes)
                            break;
            }
    
            sMsg = "Displaying data for ";
            sMsg = String.Concat( sMsg, iNumQtrs );
            sMsg = String.Concat( sMsg, " quarter(s)." );
    
            MessageBox.Show( sMsg, "Quarterly Sales" );
    
            //Starting at E1, fill headers for the number of columns selected.
            oResizeRange = oWS.get_Range("E1", "E1").get_Resize( Missing.Value, iNumQtrs);
            oResizeRange.Formula = "=\"Q\" & COLUMN()-4 & CHAR(10) & \"Sales\"";
    
            //Change the Orientation and WrapText properties for the headers.
            oResizeRange.Orientation = 38;
            oResizeRange.WrapText = true;
    
            //Fill the interior color of the headers.
            oResizeRange.Interior.ColorIndex = 36;
    
            //Fill the columns with a formula and apply a number format.
            oResizeRange = oWS.get_Range("E2", "E6").get_Resize( Missing.Value, iNumQtrs);
            oResizeRange.Formula = "=RAND()*100";
            oResizeRange.NumberFormat = "$0.00";
    
            //Apply borders to the Sales data and headers.
            oResizeRange = oWS.get_Range("E1", "E6").get_Resize( Missing.Value, iNumQtrs);
            oResizeRange.Borders.Weight = Excel.XlBorderWeight.xlThin;
    
            //Add a Totals formula for the sales data and apply a border.
            oResizeRange = oWS.get_Range("E8", "E8").get_Resize( Missing.Value, iNumQtrs);
            oResizeRange.Formula = "=SUM(E2:E6)";
            oResizeRange.Borders.get_Item( Excel.XlBordersIndex.xlEdgeBottom ).LineStyle 
                    = Excel.XlLineStyle.xlDouble;
            oResizeRange.Borders.get_Item( Excel.XlBordersIndex.xlEdgeBottom ).Weight 
                    = Excel.XlBorderWeight.xlThick;
    
            //Add a Chart for the selected data.
            oWB = (Excel._Workbook)oWS.Parent;
            oChart = (Excel._Chart)oWB.Charts.Add( Missing.Value, Missing.Value, 
                    Missing.Value, Missing.Value );
    
            //Use the ChartWizard to create a new chart from the selected data.
            oResizeRange = oWS.get_Range("E2:E6", Missing.Value ).get_Resize( 
                    Missing.Value, iNumQtrs);
            oChart.ChartWizard( oResizeRange, Excel.XlChartType.xl3DColumn, Missing.Value,
                    Excel.XlRowCol.xlColumns, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, 
                    Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value );
            oSeries = (Excel.Series)oChart.SeriesCollection(1);
            oSeries.XValues = oWS.get_Range("A2", "A6");
            for( int iRet = 1; iRet <= iNumQtrs; iRet++)
            {
                    oSeries = (Excel.Series)oChart.SeriesCollection(iRet);
                    String seriesName;
                    seriesName = "=\"Q";
                    seriesName = String.Concat( seriesName, iRet );
                    seriesName = String.Concat( seriesName, "\"" );
                    oSeries.Name = seriesName;
            }                                                                                                                 
            
            oChart.Location( Excel.XlChartLocation.xlLocationAsObject, oWS.Name );
    
            //Move the chart so as not to cover your data.
            oResizeRange = (Excel.Range)oWS.Rows.get_Item(10, Missing.Value );
            oWS.Shapes.Item("Chart 1").Top = (float)(double)oResizeRange.Top;
            oResizeRange = (Excel.Range)oWS.Columns.get_Item(2, Missing.Value );
            oWS.Shapes.Item("Chart 1").Left = (float)(double)oResizeRange.Left;
    }
                                            
    
  7. 滚动到代码窗口的顶部。将下面的代码行添加到 using 指令列表的末尾:
    using Excel = Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel;
    using System.Reflection; 
                                            
    

对自动化客户端进行测试

  1. 按 F5 生成并运行该程序。
  2. 在窗体上,单击 Button1。该程序将启动 Excel 并将数据填充到一个新的工作表中。
  3. 在提示您输入季度销售数据时,单击。一个链接到季度数据的图表就会被添加到工作表中。

参考

有关更多信息,请访问下面的 Microsoft Developer Network (MSDN) 网站: Microsoft Office Developmen...

有关更多信息,请访问下面的 Microsoft Developer Network (MSDN) 网站:
Microsoft Office Development with Visual Studio(使用 Visual Studio 进行 Microsoft Office 开发)
http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa188489(office.10).aspx (http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/en-us/dnoxpta/html/vsofficedev.asp)

这篇文章中的信息适用于:
  • Microsoft Visual C# .NET 2003 标准版
  • Microsoft Visual C# .NET 2002 标准版
  • Microsoft Office Excel 2003
  • Microsoft Excel 2002 标准版
  • 及更高版本