发布者订阅者模式,是一种很常见的模式,比如:
一、买卖房子
生活中的买房,卖房,中介就构成了一个发布订阅者模式,买房的人,一般需要的是房源,价格,使用面积等信息,他充当了订阅者的角色
中介拿到卖主的房源信息,根据手头上掌握的客户联系信息(买房的人的手机号),通知买房的人,他充当了发布者的角色
卖主想卖掉自己的房子,就需要告诉中介,把信息交给中介发布
二,网站订阅信息的用户
订阅者角色:需要订阅某类信息的网民,如某个网站的javascript类型文章
发布者角色:邮箱服务器,根据网站收集到的用户订阅邮箱,通知用户.
网站主想把信息告诉订阅者,需要把文章相关内容告诉邮箱服务器去发送
等等非常多的例子,不一一列举
本文用网站订阅的方式,推导发布者-订阅者框架,然后用发布者-订阅者框架来重构一个简单的购物车
var Site = {};
Site.userList = [];
Site.subscribe = function( fn ){
this.userList.push( fn );
}
Site.publish = function(){
for( var i = 0, len = this.userList.length; i < len; i++ ){
this.userList[i].apply( this, arguments );
}
}
Site.subscribe( function( type ){
console.log( "网站发布了" + type + "内容" );
});
Site.subscribe( function( type ){
console.log( "网站发布了" + type + "内容" );
});
Site.publish( 'javascript' );
Site.publish( 'html5' );
Site.userList就是用来保存订阅者
Site.subscribe就是具体的订阅者,把每一个订阅者订阅的具体信息保存在Site.userList
Site.publish就是发布者:根据保存的userList,一个个遍历(通知),执行里面的业务逻辑
但是这个,发布订阅者模式,有个问题,不能订阅想要的类型,上例我加了2个订阅者(第11行,第14行),只要网站发了信息,全部能收到,但是有些用户可能只想收到javascript或者html5的,所以,接下来,我们需要继续完善,希望能够接收到具体的信息,不是某人订阅的类型,就不接收
var Site = {};
Site.userList = {};
Site.subscribe = function (key, fn) {
if (!this.userList[key]) {
this.userList[key] = [];
}
this.userList[key].push(fn);
}
Site.publish = function () {
var key = Array.prototype.shift.apply(arguments),
fns = this.userList[key];
if ( !fns || fns.length === 0) {
console.log( '没有人订阅' + key + "这个分类的文章" );
return false;
}
for (var i = 0, len = fns.length; i < len; i++) {
fns[i].apply(this, arguments);
}
} Site.subscribe( "javascript", function( title ){
console.log( title );
}); Site.subscribe( "es6", function( title ){
console.log( title );
}); Site.publish( "javascript", "[js高手之路]寄生组合式继承的优势" );
Site.publish( "es6", "[js高手之路]es6系列教程 - var, let, const详解" );
Site.publish( "html5", "html5新的语义化标签" );
输出结果:
[js高手之路]寄生组合式继承的优势
[js高手之路]es6系列教程 - var, let, const详解
没有人订阅html5这个分类的文章
我们可以看到,只有订阅了javascript类型文章的人,才能收到 ”寄生组合式继承的优势” 这篇文章,发布html5类型的时候,没有任何人会收到.
es6类型的,只有订阅es6的人,才能收到
我们已经有了一个基本的发布订阅者框架,接下来,把他完善成一个框架,便于其他功能或者其他网站系统的相同功能可以重用他
var Event = {
userList : {},
subscribe : function (key, fn) {
if (!this.userList[key]) {
this.userList[key] = [];
}
this.userList[key].push(fn);
},
publish : function () {
var key = Array.prototype.shift.apply(arguments),
fns = this.userList[key];
if (!fns || fns.length === 0) {
console.log('没有人订阅' + key + "这个分类的文章");
return false;
}
for (var i = 0, len = fns.length; i < len; i++) {
fns[i].apply(this, arguments);
}
}
}; var extend = function( dstObj, srcObj ){
for( var key in srcObj ){
dstObj[key] = srcObj[key];
}
} var Site = {};
extend( Site, Event );
Site.subscribe( "javascript", function( title ){
console.log( title );
}); Site.subscribe( "es6", function( title ){
console.log( title );
}); Site.publish( "javascript", "寄生组合式继承的优势" );
Site.publish( "es6", "es6系列教程 - var, let, const详解" );
Site.publish( "html5", "html5新的语义化标签" );
然后,我们来重构一个购物车实例,没有重构之前,我的购物车用的是面向过程:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<script src="js/cart.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="box">
<ul>
<li>
<input type="button" value="-">
<span class="num">0</span>
<input type="button" value="+">
<span>单价:</span>
<span class="unit">15元;</span>
<span class="label">小计:</span>
<span class="subtotal">0</span>元
</li>
<li>
<input type="button" value="-">
<span class="num">0</span>
<input type="button" value="+">
<span>单价:</span>
<span class="unit">10元;</span>
<span class="label">小计:</span>
<span class="subtotal">0</span>元
</li>
<li>
<input type="button" value="-">
<span class="num">0</span>
<input type="button" value="+">
<span>单价:</span>
<span class="unit">5元;</span>
<span class="label">小计:</span>
<span class="subtotal">0</span>元
</li>
<li>
<input type="button" value="-">
<span class="num">0</span>
<input type="button" value="+">
<span>单价:</span>
<span class="unit">2元;</span>
<span class="label">小计:</span>
<span class="subtotal">0</span>元
</li>
<li>
<input type="button" value="-">
<span class="num">0</span>
<input type="button" value="+">
<span>单价:</span>
<span class="unit">1元;</span>
<span class="label">小计:</span>
<span class="subtotal">0</span>元
</li>
</ul>
<div class="total-box">
商品一共
<span id="goods-num">0</span>
件;
一共花费
<span id="total-price">0</span>
元;
其中最贵的商品单价是<span id="unit-price">0</span>元
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
cart.js文件:
function getByClass(cName, obj) {
var o = null;
if (arguments.length == 2) {
o = obj;
} else {
o = document;
}
var allNode = o.getElementsByTagName("*");
var aNode = [];
for( var i = 0 ; i < allNode.length; i++ ){
if( allNode[i].className == cName ){
aNode.push( allNode[i] );
}
}
return aNode;
} function getSubTotal( unitPrice, goodsNum ){
return unitPrice * goodsNum;
} function getSum(){ //计算总花费
var aSubtotal = getByClass("subtotal");
var res = 0;
for( var i = 0; i < aSubtotal.length; i++ ){
res += parseInt(aSubtotal[i].innerHTML);
}
return res;
} function compareUnit() { //比单价,找出最高的单价
var aNum = getByClass( "num");
var aUnit = getByClass( "unit");
var temp = 0;
for( var i = 0; i < aNum.length; i++ ){
if( parseInt(aNum[i].innerHTML) != 0 ){
if( temp < parseInt(aUnit[i].innerHTML) ) {
temp = parseInt(aUnit[i].innerHTML);
}
}
}
return temp;
} window.onload = function () {
var aInput = document.getElementsByTagName("input");
var total = 0;
var oGoodsNum = document.getElementById("goods-num");
var oTotalPrice = document.getElementById("total-price");
var oUnitPrice = document.getElementById("unit-price"); for (var i = 0; i < aInput.length; i++) {
if (i % 2 != 0) { //加号
aInput[i].onclick = function () {
//当前加号所在行的数量
var aNum = getByClass( "num", this.parentNode );
var n = parseInt( aNum[0].innerHTML );
n++;
aNum[0].innerHTML = n;
//获取单价
var aUnit = getByClass( "unit", this.parentNode );
var unitPrice = parseInt(aUnit[0].innerHTML);
var subtotal = getSubTotal( unitPrice, n );
var aSubtotal = getByClass( "subtotal", this.parentNode );
aSubtotal[0].innerHTML = subtotal;
total++; //商品总数
oGoodsNum.innerHTML = total;
oTotalPrice.innerHTML = getSum();
oUnitPrice.innerHTML = compareUnit();
}
}else {
aInput[i].onclick = function(){
var aNum = getByClass( "num", this.parentNode );
if ( parseInt( aNum[0].innerHTML ) != 0 ){
var n = parseInt( aNum[0].innerHTML );
n--;
aNum[0].innerHTML = n;
//获取单价
var aUnit = getByClass( "unit", this.parentNode );
var unitPrice = parseInt(aUnit[0].innerHTML);
var subtotal = getSubTotal( unitPrice, n );
var aSubtotal = getByClass( "subtotal", this.parentNode );
aSubtotal[0].innerHTML = subtotal;
total--; //商品总数
oGoodsNum.innerHTML = total;
oTotalPrice.innerHTML = getSum();
oUnitPrice.innerHTML = compareUnit();
}
}
}
}
}
耦合度太高,可维护性很差.
重构之后的购物车:
window.onload = function () {
var Event = {
userList: {},
subscribe: function (key, fn) {
if (!this.userList[key]) {
this.userList[key] = [];
}
this.userList[key].push(fn);
},
publish: function () {
var key = Array.prototype.shift.apply(arguments),
fns = this.userList[key];
if (!fns || fns.length === 0) {
return false;
}
for (var i = 0, len = fns.length; i < len; i++) {
fns[i].apply(this, arguments);
}
}
};
(function(){
var aBtnMinus = document.querySelectorAll( "#box li>input:first-child"),
aBtnPlus = document.querySelectorAll( "#box li>input:nth-of-type(2)"),
curNum = 0, curUnitPrice = 0; for( var i = 0, len = aBtnMinus.length; i < len; i++ ){
aBtnMinus[i].index = aBtnPlus[i].index = i;
aBtnMinus[i].onclick = function(){
(this.parentNode.children[1].innerHTML > 0) && Event.publish( "total-goods-num-minus" );
--this.parentNode.children[1].innerHTML < 0 && (this.parentNode.children[1].innerHTML = 0);
curUnitPrice = this.parentNode.children[4].innerHTML;
Event.publish( "minus-num" + this.index,
parseInt( curUnitPrice ),
parseInt( this.parentNode.children[1].innerHTML )
);
};
aBtnPlus[i].onclick = function(){
(this.parentNode.children[1].innerHTML >= 0) && Event.publish( "total-goods-num-plus" );
this.parentNode.children[1].innerHTML++;
curUnitPrice = this.parentNode.children[4].innerHTML;
Event.publish( "plus-num" + this.index,
parseInt( curUnitPrice ),
parseInt( this.parentNode.children[1].innerHTML )
);
}
}
})();
(function(){
var aSubtotal = document.querySelectorAll("#box .subtotal"),
oGoodsNum = document.querySelector("#goods-num"),
oTotalPrice = document.querySelector("#total-price");
Event.subscribe( 'total-goods-num-plus', function(){
++oGoodsNum.innerHTML;
});
Event.subscribe( 'total-goods-num-minus', function(){
--oGoodsNum.innerHTML;
});
for( let i = 0, len = aSubtotal.length; i < len; i++ ){
Event.subscribe( 'minus-num' + i, function( unitPrice, num ){
aSubtotal[i].innerHTML = unitPrice * num;
});
Event.subscribe( 'plus-num' + i, function( unitPrice, num ){
aSubtotal[i].innerHTML = unitPrice * num;
});
}
})();
console.log( Event.userList );
}