u-boot1.1.6移植

思路:

一. 移植前准备:u-boot源码,编译工具与开发平台等,阅读必要资料等

二. 着手移植:

1.精简代码.

2.建立自己的开发板文件

3.增加对S3C2440的支持

4.配置NOR Flash

5.添加对NAND Flash的支持

6.添加网卡DM9000的支持

7.添加NAND Flash启动

8.内核引导.

9.支持烧写Yaffs文件系统

约定:

(1)PC 的命令表示方法：在 PC 的终端使用的命令，均在其前面加 “ # ” 号。

比如：解压源码： # tar -jxvf u-boot-1.1.6.tar.bz2 -C /opt/Zac/

(2)开发板的命令表示方法：在开发板的终端（也就是 PC 的超级终端或别的串口软件）上面运行的基于开发板的命令，均在其前面加 “ $ ” 号。

比如： $ tftp 0x32000000 u-boot.bin 或

$ nfs 0x32000000 192.168.0.110:/opt/Zac/nfs_download/u-boot.bin

(3) 关于参考本手册输入命令时出错的问题的处理：请注意命令和参数间的空格，不要漏掉了。原因：在 Linux使用命令和参数之间是使用空格隔开的， 1 个空格和多个空格是等效的，在本手册中为了保持页面的整洁，对命令和参数之间使用了 1 个空格，可能因为空格的字体类型导致空格和非空格之间区别不是很明显，敬请谅解。

(4)内核及各种文件路径(Linux上):/opt/Zac/

如内核2.6.30.4的路径为:/opt/Zac/linux-2.6.30.4/

nfs共享文件夹路径为:/opt/Zac/nfs_download/

(5)主机Linux(虚拟机上)的IP:192.168.0.110

开发板IP:202.38.214.111

说明:这是我自己阅读了前人资料,结合自身的理解和操作而写的学习笔记,有些部分是摘抄别人的,但是由于一些来源不知道是哪里的,这里就不注明了,如果有异议,可以告知.另外,限于本人各方面的水平,肯定有不少错误,望指正与见谅.

Written by:Zac

u-boot-1.1.6移植(2)4-5NOR NAND Flash--Zac

1. 配置NOR Flash

上一步的测试中,发现SDRAM为64M,而Flash只有512K,这是因为我们还没有添加对Flash的支持.此步骤将完成对NOR Flash的支持.

(1) 根据你自己的硬件配置NOR Flash.u-boot-1.1.6对与NOR Flash的支持仅有AMD_LV400,和AMD_LV800,我使用的开发板上刚好就是 AMD的芯片，因此就不需要修改 flash ID 号了.但是是AMD_LV160,因此只需做少许改动,就可以将AMD_LV800用于AMD_LV160使用了. 如果你的NOR Flash与之相近则任然可以使用,如果不一样则可以参考文档1(ARM79出品-u-boot移植手册.pdf)的P21.

打开配置文件:include/configs/ZacV1.h(又修改配置文件,此处为了NOR Flash),修改如下(163行)

#if 0

#define CONFIG_AMD_LV400 1

#endif

#define CONFIG_AMD_LV800 1

#define CFG_MAX_FLASH_BANKS 1

#ifdef CONFIG_AMD_LV800

#define PHYS_FLASH_SIZE 0x00200000

#define CFG_MAX_FLASH_SECT (19)

#define CFG_ENV_ADDR (CFG_FLASH_BASE + 0x1F0000)

#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_AMD_LV400

#define PHYS_FLASH_SIZE 0x00080000

#define CFG_MAX_FLASH_SECT (11)

#define CFG_ENV_ADDR (CFG_FLASH_BASE + 0x070000)

#define CFG_FLASH_ERASE_TOUT (5*CFG_HZ)

#define CFG_FLASH_WRITE_TOUT (5*CFG_HZ)

#define CFG_ENV_IS_IN_FLASH 1

#define CFG_ENV_SIZE 0x20000

(2) 编译测试

最后make一下，没有错误，

#make clean

#make all

加载到内存中运行正常。运行结果如下：

U-Boot 1.1.6 (Oct 20 2011 - 16:50:50)

DRAM: 64 MB

Flash: 2 MB

*** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment

In: serial

Out: serial

Err: serial

[ZacV1]$

注意到此时的Flash不在是512K,而是变成了2MB了

PS:

其中Nor Flash的操作函数在board/ZacV1/flash.c中实现，它支持AM29LV400和AM29LV800。需要注意的有:flash_init函数里面对flash_id的识别,不同flash参考其手册

flash_info[i].flash_id =

#if defined(CONFIG_AMD_LV400)

(AMD_MANUFACT & FLASH_VENDMASK) |

(AMD_ID_LV400B & FLASH_TYPEMASK);

#elif defined(CONFIG_AMD_LV800)

(AMD_MANUFACT & FLASH_VENDMASK) |

(AMD_ID_LV800B & FLASH_TYPEMASK);

#else

#error "Unknown flash configured"

#endif

至于NOR Flash的驱动可以参考资料:NOR Flash 烧写指南

(http://ishare.iask.sina.com.cn/f/19707567.html) 和对应的芯片手册进行学习

5:添加对NAND Flash的支持

浏览u-boot-1.1.6的源码(lib_arm/board.c),你会发现默认情况下是不支持nand的.

(1) 增加Nand Flash驱动.在cpu/arm920t/s3c24x0目录下增加文件nand_flash.c直接复制TQ的nand_flash驱动,以后有时间再学习如何编写NAND Flash驱动.

代码如下:

#include <common.h>

#if (CONFIG_COMMANDS & CFG_CMD_NAND) && !defined(CFG_NAND_LEGACY)

#include <s3c2410.h>

#include <nand.h>

DECLARE_GLOBAL_DATA_PTR;

#define S3C2410_NFSTAT_READY (1<<0)

#define S3C2410_NFCONF_nFCE (1<<11)

#define S3C2440_NFSTAT_READY (1<<0)

#define S3C2440_NFCONT_nFCE (1<<1)

static void s3c2410_nand_select_chip(struct mtd_info *mtd, int chip)

{

S3C2410_NAND * const s3c2410nand = S3C2410_GetBase_NAND();

if (chip == -1) {

s3c2410nand->NFCONF |= S3C2410_NFCONF_nFCE;

} else {

s3c2410nand->NFCONF &= ~S3C2410_NFCONF_nFCE;

}

static void s3c2410_nand_hwcontrol(struct mtd_info *mtd, int cmd)

{

S3C2410_NAND * const s3c2410nand = S3C2410_GetBase_NAND();

struct nand_chip *chip = mtd->priv;

switch (cmd) {

case NAND_CTL_SETNCE:

case NAND_CTL_CLRNCE:

printf("%s: called for NCE\n", __FUNCTION__);

break;

case NAND_CTL_SETCLE:

chip->IO_ADDR_W = (void *)&s3c2410nand->NFCMD;

break;

case NAND_CTL_SETALE:

chip->IO_ADDR_W = (void *)&s3c2410nand->NFADDR;

break;

default:

chip->IO_ADDR_W = (void *)&s3c2410nand->NFDATA;

break;

}

static int s3c2410_nand_devready(struct mtd_info *mtd)

{

S3C2410_NAND * const s3c2410nand = S3C2410_GetBase_NAND();

return (s3c2410nand->NFSTAT & S3C2410_NFSTAT_READY);

}

static void s3c2440_nand_select_chip(struct mtd_info *mtd, int chip)

{

S3C2440_NAND * const s3c2440nand = S3C2440_GetBase_NAND();

if (chip == -1) {

s3c2440nand->NFCONT |= S3C2440_NFCONT_nFCE;

} else {

s3c2440nand->NFCONT &= ~S3C2440_NFCONT_nFCE;

}

static void s3c2440_nand_hwcontrol(struct mtd_info *mtd, int cmd)

{

S3C2440_NAND * const s3c2440nand = S3C2440_GetBase_NAND();

struct nand_chip *chip = mtd->priv;

switch (cmd) {

case NAND_CTL_SETNCE:

case NAND_CTL_CLRNCE:

printf("%s: called for NCE\n", __FUNCTION__);

break;

case NAND_CTL_SETCLE:

chip->IO_ADDR_W = (void *)&s3c2440nand->NFCMD;

break;

case NAND_CTL_SETALE:

chip->IO_ADDR_W = (void *)&s3c2440nand->NFADDR;

break;

default:

chip->IO_ADDR_W = (void *)&s3c2440nand->NFDATA;

break;

}

static int s3c2440_nand_devready(struct mtd_info *mtd)

{

S3C2440_NAND * const s3c2440nand = S3C2440_GetBase_NAND();

return (s3c2440nand->NFSTAT & S3C2440_NFSTAT_READY);

}

static void s3c24x0_nand_inithw(void)

{

S3C2410_NAND * const s3c2410nand = S3C2410_GetBase_NAND();

S3C2440_NAND * const s3c2440nand = S3C2440_GetBase_NAND();

#define TACLS 0

#define TWRPH0 4

#define TWRPH1 2

if (gd->bd->bi_arch_number == MACH_TYPE_SMDK2410)

{

}

else

{

s3c2440nand->NFCONF = (TACLS<<12)|(TWRPH0<<8)|(TWRPH1<<4);

s3c2440nand->NFCONT = (1<<4)|(0<<1)|(1<<0);

}

void board_nand_init(struct nand_chip *chip)

{

S3C2410_NAND * const s3c2410nand = S3C2410_GetBase_NAND();

S3C2440_NAND * const s3c2440nand = S3C2440_GetBase_NAND();

s3c24x0_nand_inithw();

if (gd->bd->bi_arch_number == MACH_TYPE_SMDK2410) {

chip->IO_ADDR_R = (void *)&s3c2410nand->NFDATA;

chip->IO_ADDR_W = (void *)&s3c2410nand->NFDATA;

chip->hwcontrol = s3c2410_nand_hwcontrol;

chip->dev_ready = s3c2410_nand_devready;

chip->select_chip = s3c2410_nand_select_chip;

chip->options = 0;

} else {

chip->IO_ADDR_R = (void *)&s3c2440nand->NFDATA;

chip->IO_ADDR_W = (void *)&s3c2440nand->NFDATA;

chip->hwcontrol = s3c2440_nand_hwcontrol;

chip->dev_ready = s3c2440_nand_devready;

chip->select_chip = s3c2440_nand_select_chip;

chip->options = 0;

}

chip->eccmode = NAND_ECC_SOFT;

}

#endif

(2)添加了nand_flash.c这个文件,自然要将其添加到编译去,因此修改该目录下的 Makefile:29行

OBJS = i2c.o interrupts.o serial.o speed.o \

usb_ohci.o nand_flash.o

(3)在nand_flash.c中使用了结构体S3C2410_NAND, S3C2440_NAND(注意:s3c2410和s3c2440 的nand flash控制器有区别.)在 include/s3c24x0.h 中定义 S3C2440_NAND 结构体:168 行

typedef struct {

S3C24X0_REG32 NFCONF;

S3C24X0_REG32 NFCMD;

S3C24X0_REG32 NFADDR;

S3C24X0_REG32 NFDATA;

S3C24X0_REG32 NFSTAT;

S3C24X0_REG32 NFECC;

} S3C2410_NAND;

typedef struct {

S3C24X0_REG32 NFCONF;

S3C24X0_REG32 NFCONT;

S3C24X0_REG32 NFCMD;

S3C24X0_REG32 NFADDR;

S3C24X0_REG32 NFDATA;

S3C24X0_REG32 NFMECCD0;

S3C24X0_REG32 NFMECCD1;

S3C24X0_REG32 NFSECCD;

S3C24X0_REG32 NFSTAT;

S3C24X0_REG32 NFESTAT0;

S3C24X0_REG32 NFESTAT1;

S3C24X0_REG32 NFMECC0;

S3C24X0_REG32 NFMECC1;

S3C24X0_REG32 NFSECC;

S3C24X0_REG32 NFSBLK;

S3C24X0_REG32 NFEBLK;

} S3C2440_NAND;

PS:这里顺带修改此文件,将其变得更加的通用(支持2440)

修改85,95,99,110,149,421行:

#ifdef CONFIG_S3C2410 ===> #if defined(CONFIG_S3C2410) || defined(CONFIG_S3C2440)

(4)类似与(3),添加2440的对应函数,在 include/s3c2410.h 中复制96-99行到100-103行并修改

static inline S3C2440_NAND * const S3C2440_GetBase_NAND(void)

{

return (S3C2440_NAND * const)S3C2410_NAND_BASE;

}

实际上由于2440与2410还是有很多的区别的,因此如果有兴趣可以自行根据include/s3c2410.h制作一个include/s3c2440.h,两者之间大部分内容是一致的,只是需要将2410没有而在2440中有的配置参照类似的或其他配置进行仿写.如果写好了这个文件,并且想根据实际配置2410还是2440进行条件编译和使用,则还需要修改某些文件的一些地方,如将include/configs/ZacV1.h中的

#define CONFIG_S3C2410 1 变为 #define CONFIG_S3C2440 1

(5)添加了nand,自然要修改配置文件include/configs/ZacV1.h(又修改了配置文件,此处修改支持nand flash),修对 Flash 的配置和增加 NAND 设置:188行

//#define CFG_ENV_IS_IN_FLASH 1

#define CFG_ENV_IS_IN_NAND 1

#define CFG_ENV_OFFSET 0x40000//

#define CFG_ENV_SIZE64 0xc000

#define CFG_ENV_SIZE 0x20000

(注意这里要设置正确,此处设置为256MB的Nand Flash,如果为64MB,则应该为:

#define CFG_ENV_SIZE 0xc000 )

#define CFG_NAND_BASE 0

#define CFG_MAX_NAND_DEVICE 1

#define NAND_MAX_CHIPS 1

(6)修改配置文件 include/configs/ZacV1.h,增加 NAND 命令,87 行

#define CONFIG_COMMANDS \

(CONFIG_CMD_DFL | \

CFG_CMD_CACHE | \

CFG_CMD_NAND | \

CFG_CMD_REGINFO | \

CFG_CMD_DATE | \

CFG_CMD_ELF)

(7)编译测试

make一下,没有错误

#make clean

#make all

编译成功后加载到 0x33000000 SDRAM 中运行会有 NAND 信息,输入 saveenv(或save)

命令后保存没有错误,输入 help 命令会多了 nand 和 nboot 命令，如下所示

U-Boot 1.1.6 (Oct 21 2011 - 19:51:11)

DRAM: 64 MB

Flash: 2 MB

NAND: 256 MiB

In: serial

Out: serial

Err: serial

Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0

Unknown command 'boot_zImage' - try 'help'

[ZacV1] $ save

Saving Environment to NAND...

Erasing Nand...Writing to Nand... done

[ZacV1] $ ?

? - alias for 'help'

autoscr - run script from memory

base - print or set address offset

bdinfo - print Board Info structure

boot - boot default, i.e., run 'bootcmd'

bootd - boot default, i.e., run 'bootcmd'

bootelf - Boot from an ELF image in memory

bootm - boot application image from memory

bootp - boot image via network using BootP/TFTP protocol

bootvx - Boot vxWorks from an ELF image

cmp - memory compare

coninfo - print console devices and information

cp - memory copy

crc32 - checksum calculation

date - get/set/reset date & time

dcache - enable or disable data cache

echo - echo args to console

erase - erase FLASH memory

flinfo - print FLASH memory information

go - start application at address 'addr'

help - print online help

icache - enable or disable instruction cache

iminfo - print header information for application image

imls - list all images found in flash

itest - return true/false on integer compare

loadb - load binary file over serial line (kermit mode)

loads - load S-Record file over serial line

loady - load binary file over serial line (ymodem mode)

loop - infinite loop on address range

md - memory display

mm - memory modify (auto-incrementing)

mtest - simple RAM test

mw - memory write (fill)

nand - NAND sub-system

nboot - boot from NAND device

nfs - boot image via network using NFS protocol

nm - memory modify (constant address)

printenv- print environment variables

protect - enable or disable FLASH write protection

rarpboot- boot image via network using RARP/TFTP protocol

reset - Perform RESET of the CPU

run - run commands in an environment variable

saveenv - save environment variables to persistent storage

setenv - set environment variables

sleep - delay execution for some time

tftpboot- boot image via network using TFTP protocol

version - print monitor version

至此,我们的uboot移植又进一步了,已经可以看到NOR Flash和NAND Flash的信息了,说明uboot支持我们自身硬件的NOR和NAND了.高兴一下吧,哈哈哈哈!!!

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