vnc4server包：http://packages.ubuntu.com/trusty/x11/vnc4server
从这个网页中可以看到vnc4server包只支持i386和amd64硬件架构，如果ubuntu是安装在power架构的机器上，请使用x11vnc
vnc4server
1 登录服务器或ssh到服务器, 在ubuntu上安装vncserver: sudo apt-get install vnc4server xinetd
<pre name="code" class="plain">localadmin@ubuntu:~$ sudo apt-get install vnc4server xinetd [sudo] password for localadmin: Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following extra packages will be installed: xbase-clients Suggested packages: vnc-java The following NEW packages will be installed: vnc4server xbase-clients 0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 1,579 kB of archives. After this operation, 5,418 kB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y Get:1 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates/universe xbase-clients all 1:7.7+1ubuntu8.1 [2,756 B] Get:2 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates/universe vnc4server amd64 4.1.1+xorg4.3.0-37ubuntu5.0.1 [1,577 kB] Fetched 1,579 kB in 14s (111 kB/s) Selecting previously unselected package xbase-clients. (Reading database ... 151666 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../xbase-clients_1%3a7.7+1ubuntu8.1_all.deb ... Unpacking xbase-clients (1:7.7+1ubuntu8.1) ... Selecting previously unselected package vnc4server. Preparing to unpack .../vnc4server_4.1.1+xorg4.3.0-37ubuntu5.0.1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking vnc4server (4.1.1+xorg4.3.0-37ubuntu5.0.1) ... Processing triggers for man-db (2.6.7.1-1ubuntu1) ... Setting up xbase-clients (1:7.7+1ubuntu8.1) ... Setting up vnc4server (4.1.1+xorg4.3.0-37ubuntu5.0.1) ... update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vnc4server to provide /usr/bin/vncserver (vncserver) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/Xvnc4 to provide /usr/bin/Xvnc (Xvnc) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/x0vnc4server to provide /usr/bin/x0vncserver (x0vncserver) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vnc4passwd to provide /usr/bin/vncpasswd (vncpasswd) in auto mode update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vnc4config to provide /usr/bin/vncconfig (vncconfig) in auto mode
2 开启vnc服务: vncserver
localadmin@ubuntu:~$ vncserver You will require a password to access your desktops. Password: Verify: xauth: file /home/localadmin/.Xauthority does not exist New 'ubuntu:1 (localadmin)' desktop is ubuntu:1 Creating default startup script /home/localadmin/.vnc/xstartup Starting applications specified in /home/localadmin/.vnc/xstartup Log file is /home/localadmin/.vnc/ubuntu:1.log
New 'ubuntu:1 (localadmin)' desktop isubuntu:1 表示vnc启动成功，并在主目录下生成.nvc目录。
注意：":1"代表display号，客户登录的时候得写相同的display号才能登录，:1表示5901端口。
3 在客户端下载“vnc viewer”软件，在服务器栏输入"ip:1"进行链接，输入用户名密码信息后，可以看到vnc连接页面，这是vncserver默认使用的窗口管理器是twm
4 修改vnc的默认设置，使启动时运行gnome桌面
修改vnc启动文件：vi ~/.vnc/xstartup
localadmin@ubuntu:~$ ls .vnc/ passwd ubuntu:1.log ubuntu:1.pid xstartup localadmin@ubuntu:~$ cat .vnc/xstartup #!/bin/sh # Uncomment the following two lines for normal desktop: # unset SESSION_MANAGER # exec /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc [ -x /etc/vnc/xstartup ] && exec /etc/vnc/xstartup [ -r $HOME/.Xresources ] && xrdb $HOME/.Xresources xsetroot -solid grey vncconfig -iconic & x-terminal-emulator -geometry 80x24+10+10 -ls -title "$VNCDESKTOP Desktop" & x-window-manager & localadmin@ubuntu:~$ vi .vnc/xstartup localadmin@ubuntu:~$ cat .vnc/xstartup #!/bin/sh # Uncomment the following two lines for normal desktop: # unset SESSION_MANAGER # exec /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc #unset SESSION_MANAGER #unset DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS #startxfce4 & [ -x /etc/vnc/xstartup ] && exec /etc/vnc/xstartup [ -r $HOME/.Xresources ] && xrdb $HOME/.Xresources xsetroot -solid grey vncconfig -iconic & x-terminal-emulator -geometry 80x24+10+10 -ls -title "$VNCDESKTOP Desktop" & #x-window-manager & #startkde & gnome-session & #gnome-panel & #gnome-settings-daemon & #metacity & #nautilus -n & #gnome-terminal & #/usr/bin/gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings panel-main-menu "['<Alt>F1']" #/usr/bin/gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings maximize "['<Alt>KP_5']" #/usr/bin/gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings unmaximize "['<Alt>F5']" #/usr/bin/gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings show-desktop "['<Primary><Alt>d']" #/usr/bin/gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings switch-applications "['<Alt>Tab']" #/usr/bin/gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings switch-group "['<Alt>Above_Tab']" #/usr/bin/gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings switch-input-source "[]" #/usr/bin/gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings switch-input-source-backward "[]" #/usr/bin/gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.media-keys terminal "['<Ctrl><Alt>t']"
#export DESKTOP_SESSION=ubuntu #export GDMSESSION=ubuntu #export STARTUP="/usr/bin/gnome-session --session=ubuntu" #$STARTUP &
startkde & 启动KDE桌面
gnome-session & 启动gnome桌面
如果启动Unity桌面，首先去 /usr/share/gnome-session/sessions/下看桌面session的名称，如果是ubuntu-classic，则将最后一行改为：
export DESKTOP_SESSION=gnome-classic export DGMSESSION=gnome-classic export STARTUP="/usr/bin/gnome-session --session=ubuntu-classic" $STARTUP
startxfce4 &:
1. sudo add-apt-repository ppa:xubuntu-dev/xfce-4.12
zhai@zhai-VirtualBox:~$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:xubuntu-dev/xfce-4.12 [sudo] password for zhai: As always, install packages from PPA's at your own risk. Xfce 4.12 packages for currently supported versions of Xubuntu. Please note that these are pre-release versions, which may contain annoying bugs and/or crash. NOTE: For 12.04, you MUST enable the PPA for Xfce 4.10 packages (https://launchpad.net/~xubuntu-dev/+archive/xfce-4.10) as well. If you need and/or want stable versions, wait for the final release date of Xfce 4.12. More information at http://wiki.xfce.org/releng/4.12/roadmap. More info: https://launchpad.net/~xubuntu-dev/+archive/ubuntu/xfce-4.12 Press [ENTER] to continue or ctrl-c to cancel adding it gpg: keyring `/tmp/tmpnrfxkory/secring.gpg' created gpg: keyring `/tmp/tmpnrfxkory/pubring.gpg' created gpg: requesting key 142986CE from hkp server keyserver.ubuntu.com gpg: /tmp/tmpnrfxkory/trustdb.gpg: trustdb created gpg: key 142986CE: public key "Launchpad PPA for Xubuntu Developers" imported gpg: Total number processed: 1 gpg: imported: 1 (RSA: 1) OK2 sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
3 sudo apt-get install xfce4
$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:xubuntu-dev/xfce-4.12 $ sudo apt-get update $ sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
5 杀掉原桌面进程：vncserver -kill :1，再次生成新的会话： vncserver :1
localadmin@ubuntu:~$ vncserver -kill :1 Killing Xvnc4 process ID 2396 localadmin@ubuntu:~$ vncserver :1 New 'ubuntu:1 (localadmin)' desktop is ubuntu:1 Starting applications specified in /home/localadmin/.vnc/xstartup Log file is /home/localadmin/.vnc/ubuntu:1.log
此时登录还是twm默认桌面
6 安装gnome桌面环境
自带桌面unity对VNC支持较差，需要在服务器上安装的gnome 3桌面
(1)安装xwindows的基础：sudo apt-get install x-window-system-core
(2)安装登录管理器：sudo apt-get install gdm （或kdm/xdm）
(3)安装ubuntu桌面：sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop（或Kubunut-desktop/ Xubuntu-desktop ）
apt-get install gnome-desktop-environment
apt-get install metacity
另外：apt-get install gnome-core可以安装GNOME基础。
7 杀掉原桌面进程：vncserver -kill :1，再次生成新的会话： vncserver :1
x11vnc
VNC有很多选择，VNC4server，tigervncserver等等，都不推荐，难装又难用。经过多次实验和测试，最后只采用 x11vnc 作为VNC服务器端。
具体配置步骤如下：
# 步骤 1 - 安装 X11VNC
sudo apt install x11vnc -y
# 步骤 2 - 配置访问密码
sudo x11vnc -storepasswd /etc/x11vnc.pass
root@ubuntu:~# x11vnc -storepasswd /etc/x11vnc.pass Enter VNC password: Verify password: Write password to /etc/x11vnc.pass? [y]/n y Password written to: /etc/x11vnc.pass
# 步骤 3 - 创建服务
vi /lib/systemd/system/x11vnc.service
#粘贴如下代码，最后 :wq 保存，请使用root用户，否则没有权限。
[Unit]
Description=Start x11vnc at startup.
After=multi-user.target
[Service]
Type=simple
ExecStart=/usr/bin/x11vnc -auth guess -forever -loop -noxdamage -repeat -rfbauth /etc/x11vnc.pass -rfbport 5900 -shared
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
参数：
--localhost 在本地地址监听
-autoport PORT 从PORT开始选择可用端口监听
-rfbport PORT 指定监听端口
# 步骤 4 - 配置防火墙，配置和启动服务
sudo ufw allow 5900
sudo systemctl enable x11vnc.service
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl start x11vnc.service
用vnc-viewer连接即可。
VNC实现Windows远程访问Ubuntu 16.04（无需安装第三方桌面）
https://www.cnblogs.com/xuliangxing/p/7642650.html本文主要是讲解如果理由VNC实现Windows远程访问Ubuntu 16.04，其实网上有很多类似教程，但是很多需要安装第三方桌面（xfce桌面等等），而且很多人不太喜欢安装第三方桌面，很多人像笔者一样喜欢原生自带的桌面（O(∩_∩)O哈哈~有点强迫症）。今天笔者给大家介绍一下，不需要安装其他桌面，使用Ubuntu 16.04原生自带桌面如何进行远程访问。
一、设置Ubuntu 16.04 允许进行远程控制
首先，我们先设置Ubuntu的远程控制，将其设置为允许被远程连接，进入系统-》首选项-》桌面共享，或者直接搜索桌面共享，如图所示
将【允许其他人查看您的桌面】这一项勾上，然后在安全那项，勾选【要求远程用户输入此密码】，并设置远程密码。并且我们取消勾选【必须为对本机器的每次访问进行确定】（这样做，是为了被远程的时候不需要再确认，否则每次远程都要人为确认才能被远程，会很繁琐）如图所示：
二、安装vncserver
其次，打开终端，我们需要安装vncserver的基础服务，输入以下命令：
sudo apt-get install xrdp vnc4server xbase-clients
如图所示：
三、安装dconf-editor(取消权限限制)
再次，我们需要取消掉请求加密的功能，否则缺少这一步是无法远程上的，这个时候我们需要安装dconf-editor工具进行配置，输入以下命令：
sudo apt-get install dconf-editor
如图所示：
安装完成之后，我们需要打开dconf-editor工具，在桌面搜索dconf-editor打开，如图所示：
打开之后，依次展开org->gnome->desktop->remote-access，然后取消 “requlre-encryption”的勾选即可。如图所示：
至此，前期准备工作已经完成，后面直接通过VNC工具或者Windows自带的mstsc(远程桌面控制)进行访问就行。
四、远程连接Ubuntu 16.04
获取当前的IP地址，命令ifconfig即可得到，笔者的当前的Ubuntu的IP地址为：192.168.8.203，然后通过IP地址就可以远程访问了。
方法一、通过VNC Viewer客户端进行访问
大家可以到VNC官网(https://www.realvnc.com/en/connect/download/viewer/)下载最新的版本，根据自己实际情况，选择相对应的版本，如图所示：
输入我们需要远程控制的PC主机的IP，如图所示：
成功连接上了，如图所示：
方法二、通过Windows自带远程桌面控制(mstsc)进行访问（个人推荐）
个人比较推荐使用该方法，直接使用Windows自带的远程桌面控制工具进行远程访问，这样就可以不用VNC Viewer。直接打开自带远程桌面控制，输入目标PC的IP地址，如图所示：
通过自带远程桌面控制工具，选择模式【vnc-any】，然后输入IP地址和密码进行登录（其中端口号默认为5900，保持不变就行）如图所示：
成功连接了，如图所示：
参考：
http://help.aliyun.com/knowledge_detail.htm?knowledgeId=5974461
http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-12084847-id-3508474.html
http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-20528014-id-4714397.html
http://www.educity.cn/help/520296.html
https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-install-and-configure-vnc-on-ubuntu-14-04
http://www.tuicool.com/articles/qm2MJnN
http://www.tuicool.com/articles/fiy2Aj
http://www.namhuy.net/3106/install-vnc-server-ubuntu-14-04.html