Spring注解开发系列Ⅸ --- 异步请求

时间:2022-07-08 06:14:45

一. Servlet中的异步请求

在Servlet 3.0之前,Servlet采用Thread-Per-Request的方式处理请求,即每一次Http请求都由某一个线程从头到尾负责处理。如果要处理一些IO操作,以及访问数据库,调用第三方服务接口时,这种做法是十分耗时的。可以用代码测试一下:

同步方式处理: 

@WebServlet("/helloServlet")
public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+"start...");
try {
sayHello();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
resp.getWriter().write("hello...");
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+" end ...."); }
public void sayHello() throws InterruptedException {
Thread.sleep(3000);
}
}

以上代码,执行了一个3秒的方法,主线程在3秒方法执行完之后,才得到释放,这样处理效率非常不高。在Servlet 3.0引入了异步处理,然后在Servlet 3.1中又引入了非阻塞IO来进一步增强异步处理的性能。

异步方式处理业务逻辑:

@WebServlet(value = "/asyncServlet",asyncSupported = true)
public class AsyncHelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+"主线程start..."+System.currentTimeMillis());
//1.支持异步处理 asyncSupported = true
//2.开启异步
AsyncContext asyncContext = req.startAsync();
//3.业务逻辑业务处理
asyncContext.start(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+"副线程start..."+System.currentTimeMillis());
sayHello();
asyncContext.complete(); //4.获取响应
ServletResponse response = asyncContext.getResponse();
response.getWriter().write("hello,async...");
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+"副线程end..."+System.currentTimeMillis());
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()+"主线程end..."+System.currentTimeMillis()); //测试结果,主线程接受请求处理,并立即得到释放,副线程处理业务逻辑
/**
* Thread[http-apr-8080-exec-9,5,main]主线程start...1545911791802
* Thread[http-apr-8080-exec-9,5,main]主线程end...1545911791806
* Thread[http-apr-8080-exec-10,5,main]副线程start...1545911791806
* Thread[http-apr-8080-exec-10,5,main]副线程end...1545911794807
*/
}
public void sayHello() throws InterruptedException {
Thread.sleep(3000);
}

上面的代码中,主线程在Servlet被执行到时,立刻得到了释放,然后在副线程中调用了sayHello方法,3秒后副线程得到释放,这就是异步Servlet最简单的一个demo演示。

. springmvc中的异步请求

1.返回Callable<>接口

1)Spring异步处理,将Callable提交到TaskExecutor 使用一个隔离的线程进行执行。

2)DispacherServlet和所有的Filter退出线程,但是response保持打开状态

3)Callbale返回结果,springMVC将请求重新派发给容器,恢复之前的处理

4)根据Callable返回的结果,springMVC继续进行视图渲染流程等(从请求-视图渲染)。

代码如下:

  @RequestMapping("/callable")
@ResponseBody
public Callable<String> async01(){
System.out.println("主线程"+Thread.currentThread()+"Start======>"+System.currentTimeMillis());
Callable<String> callable = new Callable<String>() { @Override
public String call() throws Exception {
System.out.println("副线程"+Thread.currentThread()+"Start======>"+System.currentTimeMillis());
Thread.sleep(3000);
System.out.println("副线程"+Thread.currentThread()+"End======>"+System.currentTimeMillis());
return "Callable<String> async01()";
}
};
System.out.println("主线程"+Thread.currentThread()+"End======>"+System.currentTimeMillis()); return callable;
}

测试运行结果:

      MyInterceptor preHandle..
拦截器拦截的请求:/callable
主线程Thread[http-apr-8080-exec-9,5,main]Start======>1545965335805
主线程Thread[http-apr-8080-exec-9,5,main]End======>1545965335805
==============DispacherServlet及所有的Filter退出线程=============
========================等待Callable执行========================
副线程Thread[MvcAsync1,5,main]Start======>1545965335811
副线程Thread[MvcAsync1,5,main]End======>1545965338811
========================Callable执行完成========================
MyInterceptor preHandle..
拦截器拦截的请求:/callable
MyInterceptor postHandle..(Callable的之前的返回值就是目标方法的返回值)
MyInterceptor afterCompletion..

2.使用DeferredResult<>实现异步

public  class DeferredResultQueue {
public static Queue<DeferredResult<Object>> queue=new ConcurrentLinkedDeque<>();
public static void save(DeferredResult<Object> deferredResult){
queue.add(deferredResult);
}
public static DeferredResult<Object> get(){
return queue.poll();
}
}
@Controller
public class MyDeferredResultController{
/**
* 一个线程创建订单,一个线程等待处理订单
* @return
*/
@ResponseBody
@RequestMapping("/createOrder")
public DeferredResult<Object> createOrder(){
//设置等待时间,3秒后等待超时
DeferredResult<Object> deferredResult = new DeferredResult<>((long)3000,"createFail");
DeferredResultQueue.save(deferredResult);
return deferredResult;
}
@ResponseBody
@RequestMapping("/create")
public String create(){
String order = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
DeferredResult<Object> deferredResult = DeferredResultQueue.get();
deferredResult.setResult(order);
return "success===>"+order;
}
}

上述代码模拟了创建订单的过程,运行时,先访问/createOrder请求,该请求会等待3秒(3秒期间内没有订单创建会超时),然后访问另一个请求/create,该请求创建号订单后,/createOrder立即接收到了刚创建好的订单,两者是异步执行的。