spring实现文件上传(图片解析)

时间:2021-04-10 05:37:26

合抱之木,生于毫末,千里之行,始于足下,要想了解spring的文件上传功能,首先要知道spring是通过流的方式将文件进行解析,然后上传。那么是不是所有需要用的文件上传的地方都要写一遍文件解析器呢?

放心,spring这个大管家已经为我们做好了一切!

我们只需要在spring的配置文件中加入下面代码:

 <!-- 文件上传解析器 -->
<bean id="multipartResolver"
class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver"
p:maxUploadSize="152400"
p:defaultEncoding="utf-8">
<!-- <property name="defaultEncoding" value="utf-8"></property> -->
</bean> <!-- SpringMVC在超出上传文件限制时,会抛出org.springframework.web.multipart.MaxUploadSizeExceededException -->
<!-- 该异常是SpringMVC在检查上传的文件信息时抛出来的,而且此时还没有进入到Controller方法中 -->
<bean id="exceptionResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver">
<property name="exceptionMappings">
<props>
<!-- 遇到MaxUploadSizeExceededException异常时,自动跳转到/WEB-INF/jsp/error_fileupload.jsp页面 -->
<prop key="org.springframework.web.multipart.MaxUploadSizeExceededException">error_fileupload</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>

我们就不用再去在文件的解析上绞尽脑汁了,只需要专注于业务层面的逻辑就好了,是不是很简单?

接下来我们看一个小例子:

html前端代码:

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body> <form action="<%=request.getContextPath()%>/user/add" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"> <h1>新增用户</h1> <table>
<tr>
<td>用户名:</td>
<td>
<input type="text" name="userName" value="${user.userName }" />
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>密码:</td>
<td>
<input type="text" name="password" value="${user.userPass }" />
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>头像:</td>
<td>
<input type="file" name="photo" />
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td>
<input type="submit" value="上传" />
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</form> </body>
</html>

大家有没有注意到以上代码的form表头中有一行代码:

enctype="multipart/form-data"

没错,想要上传二进制文件,该表头属性必不可少。
controller控制层代码:
package com.wskj.springmvc.controller;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile; import com.wskj.springmvc.pojo.UserInfo; @Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController { @RequestMapping(value="/add", method=RequestMethod.GET)
public String addUser(){ return "user/add";
} @RequestMapping(value="/add", method=RequestMethod.POST)
public String addUser(Model model, UserInfo user, @RequestParam(name="photo", required=false) MultipartFile photo, HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException{ //对文件进行处理 //判断用户是否上传了文件
//MultipartFile.getSize() : 获取文件的大小(字节:byte) 1024byte = 1kb 1024kb=1mb GB TB PB
if(photo.isEmpty() == false && photo.getSize() > 0){ //获取文件的名称
String name = photo.getName();//photo
String fileName = photo.getOriginalFilename();//mydata.jpg
//获取文件扩展名
String extension = fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf(".")); byte[] data = photo.getBytes();//字节数组
String contentType = photo.getContentType();
/**
* 扩展名 Content-Type
* .txt text/plain
* .jpg image/jpeg
* .mp3 audio/mp3
* .mp4 video/mpeg4
*/ photo.getInputStream();//获取文件输入流 //保存到磁盘
//保存的路径
//不是 -》 F:\java\workspace\spring\springmvc_fileupload_20170401\WebContent\files
//是 -》 x:\apache tomcat-7\webapps\appName\files
String savedPath = request.getServletContext().getRealPath("files");//获取files目录的绝对路径
String filePath = savedPath + "/" + fileName; //将文件写入磁盘
photo.transferTo(new File(filePath)); //设置UserInfo.headerPhoto
user.setHeaderPhotoUrl("files/"+fileName);
model.addAttribute("headerUrl", user.getHeaderPhotoUrl());
} model.addAttribute("user", user); return "user/success";
} @RequestMapping(value="/add2", method=RequestMethod.GET)
public String addUser2(){ return "user/add2";
} @RequestMapping(value="/add2", method=RequestMethod.POST)
public String addUser2(Model model, UserInfo user, @RequestParam(name="photos", required=false) MultipartFile[] photos, HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException{ //对文件进行处理 if(photos != null && photos.length>0){
List<String> photoUrls = new ArrayList<String>();
for(MultipartFile photo : photos){ //判断用户是否上传了文件
//MultipartFile.getSize() : 获取文件的大小(字节:byte) 1024byte = 1kb 1024kb=1mb GB TB PB
if(photo.isEmpty() == false && photo.getSize() > 0){ //获取文件的名称
String name = photo.getName();//photo
String fileName = photo.getOriginalFilename();//mydata.jpg
//获取文件扩展名
String extension = fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf(".")); byte[] data = photo.getBytes();//字节数组
String contentType = photo.getContentType();
/**
* 扩展名 Content-Type
* .txt text/plain
* .jpg image/jpeg
* .mp3 audio/mp3
* .mp4 video/mpeg4
*/ photo.getInputStream();//获取文件输入流 //保存到磁盘
//保存的路径
//不是 -》 F:\java\workspace\spring\springmvc_fileupload_20170401\WebContent\files
//是 -》 x:\apache tomcat-7\webapps\appName\files
String savedPath = request.getServletContext().getRealPath("files");//获取files目录的绝对路径
String filePath = savedPath + "/" + fileName; //将文件写入磁盘
photo.transferTo(new File(filePath)); //设置UserInfo.headerPhoto photoUrls.add("files/"+fileName);
} } model.addAttribute("headerUrl", photoUrls); } model.addAttribute("user", user); return "user/success2";
} }

后台根据前段的name属性接收参数,二进制文件类型为

MultipartFile,如果需要接收多个文件,只需要设置成集合然后遍历即可。
接下来是上传成功前段回显的jsp代码:
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body> <dl>
<dt>用户名:</dt>
<dd>${user.userName }</dd>
<dt>头像:</dt>
<dd>
<img style="max-width:300px;max-height:200px;" src="<%=request.getContextPath() %>/${headerUrl}" />
</dd>
</dl> </body>
</html>

至此,最基础的文件上传测试成功。

spring实现文件上传(图片解析)

spring实现文件上传(图片解析)

但是,在实际项目中,我们可能只是需要启用一个div来进行文件的异步上传,这时我们可以使用html5的新特性formdata实现ajax的提交。

具体代码如下:

jsp前端代码:

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="<%= request.getContextPath()%>/static/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript"> $(function(){ $("#btnupload").click(function(){ var formdata = new FormData(document.getElementById("form1"));//可以上传文件
//var formdata = $("#form1").serializeArray();//无法上传文件的
alert(formdata);
var url ="<%= request.getContextPath()%>/upload/demo1";
$.ajax({
url:url,
data:formdata, //name=zhangsan&age=50 {}
contentType: false,//默认: "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
processData: false,//设置 processData 选项为 false,防止自动转换数据格式
type:"post",
dataType:"json",
success:function(data){
alert(data);
},
error:function(er){
alert(er.responseText);
}
}); });
}); </script> </head>
<body> <h1>使用Html5提供的FormData实现ajax提交</h1>
<h3>浏览器必须支持html5,如果是IE6 - IE8,那就洗洗睡吧...</h3> <form id="form1">
文件名:<input type="text" name="fileName" />
文件:<input type="file" name="myfile" />
<input id="btnupload" type="button" value="ajax上传文件" />
</form> </body>
</html>

我们可以看见,只需要给要提交的form表单指定一个唯一标识id即可,是不是很方便?

后台controller接收代码:

package com.wskj.uploadfile.controller;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile; @Controller
@RequestMapping("/upload")
public class AjaxController { @RequestMapping(value="/demo1", method=RequestMethod.GET)
public String demo1(){
return "upload/demo1";
} @RequestMapping(value="/demo1", method=RequestMethod.POST)
@ResponseBody
public boolean demo1(String fileName, MultipartFile myfile, HttpServletRequest request) throws IllegalStateException, IOException{ String path = request.getServletContext().getRealPath("files");
path += "/" + myfile.getOriginalFilename();
File file = new File(path);
myfile.transferTo(file); System.out.println(fileName+" - 上传成功"); return true;
} }

另外还可以使用jquery.form.js实现ajax的上传:

前段jsp代码:

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="<%= request.getContextPath()%>/static/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="<%= request.getContextPath()%>/static/jquery.form.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript"> $(function(){ $("#btnupload").click(function(){ var url ="<%= request.getContextPath()%>/upload/demo2"; $("#form1").ajaxSubmit({
type:'post',
url:url,
clearForm:true,//清空所有表单元素的值
resetForm:true,//重置所有表单元素的值
success:function(data){
alert(data);
},
error:function(XmlHttpRequest,textStatus,errorThrown){
alert("上传失败了");
}
}); });
}); </script> </head>
<body> <h1>使用jquery.form.js实现ajax文件上传</h1>
<h3>对浏览器没有限制,尽情使用吧骚年们...</h3> <form id="form1">
文件名:<input type="text" name="fileName" value="我的头像" />
文件:<input type="file" name="myfile" />
<input id="btnupload" type="button" value="ajax上传文件" />
</form> </body>
</html>

后台controller接收代码:

package com.wskj.uploadfile.controller;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile; @Controller
@RequestMapping("/upload")
public class AjaxController { @RequestMapping(value="/demo2", method=RequestMethod.GET)
public String demo2(){
return "upload/demo2";
} @RequestMapping(value="/demo2", method=RequestMethod.POST)
@ResponseBody
public boolean demo2(String fileName, MultipartFile myfile, HttpServletRequest request) throws IllegalStateException, IOException{ String path = request.getServletContext().getRealPath("files");
path += "/" + myfile.getOriginalFilename();
File file = new File(path);
myfile.transferTo(file); System.out.println(fileName+" - 上传成功"); return true;
} }

当然,使用这两种方法也必须在spring中配置文件上传解析器,这个是上传二进制文件的前提。