Spring + Spring MVC + Hibernate项目开发集成(注解)

时间:2021-10-12 05:36:58

  在自己从事的项目中都是使用xml配置的方式来进行的,随着项目的越来越大,会发现配置文件会相当的庞大,这个不利于项目的进行和后期的维护。于是考虑使用注解的方式来进行项目的开发,前些日子就抽空学习了一下。在网上也查询了很多使用注解来搭建开发框架的文章,但是有一个问题就是,使用更新的软件版本会出错。这里我将使用最新的Spring,Hibernate来进行框架的搭建,经过测试,顺利运行。分享旨在与大家一起分享学习,共同进步,有不足之处,望不吝赐教,谢谢!

  本项目使用maven构建,采用Spring + Spring MVC + Hibernate + MySQL进行搭建,下面简要说明本项目所使用软件版本:

maven:3.2.3
     hibernate:4.3.9.Final
     spring:4.1.6.RELEASE
     mysql:5.1.35

  接下来我看一下项目的整体结构:

  Spring + Spring MVC + Hibernate项目开发集成(注解)

Spring + Spring MVC + Hibernate项目开发集成(注解)

下面我们开始框架的搭建之旅吧。

一,配置文件

1,首先配置pom.xml,获得项目所需要的jar文件。

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>cn</groupId>
<artifactId>mylife</artifactId>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>mylife Maven Webapp</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url> <!-- 设置使用框架的版本 -->
<properties>
<hibernate-version>4.3.9.Final</hibernate-version>
<spring-version>4.1.6.RELEASE</spring-version>
<mysql-driver-version>5.1.35</mysql-driver-version>
</properties> <dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
</dependency> <!-- servlet api -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
</dependency> <!-- jstl -->
<dependency>
<groupId>jstl</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency> <!-- hibernate -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
<version>${hibernate-version}</version>
</dependency> <!-- spring -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring-version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring-version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>${spring-version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
<version>${spring-version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
<version>${spring-version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
<version>${spring-version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
<version>${spring-version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>${spring-version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-oxm</artifactId>
<version>${spring-version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc-portlet</artifactId>
<version>${spring-version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-messaging</artifactId>
<version>${spring-version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-instrument</artifactId>
<version>${spring-version}</version>
</dependency> <!-- MySQL驱动 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>${mysql-driver-version}</version>
</dependency> <!-- dbcp -->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-dbcp</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-dbcp</artifactId>
<version>1.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-io</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
<version>2.4</version>
</dependency> </dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>mylife</finalName> <plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins> </build>
</project>

2,配置Spring MVC,在calsspath路径下创建一个spring-mvc.xml文件,具体配置如下:

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:cache="http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc"
xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee"
xmlns:jms="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jms"
xmlns:lang="http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:oxm="http://www.springframework.org/schema/oxm"
xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/jms http://www.springframework.org/schema/jms/spring-jms-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang/spring-lang-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/oxm http://www.springframework.org/schema/oxm/spring-oxm-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/task http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd">
<!-- 扫描controller组件 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="cn.mylife.controller"/>
<!-- 配置视图解析器 -->
<bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView" />
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/" />
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
</bean>
<!-- 启动springMVC注解 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven/> </beans>

3,配置web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">
<display-name>mylife</display-name> <!-- 启动服务时加载的文件 -->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<context-param>
<!-- 日志配置文件路径 -->
<param-name>log4jConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:log4j.properties</param-value>
</context-param>
<context-param>
<!-- 日志页面的刷新间隔 -->
<param-name>log4jRefreshInterval</param-name>
<param-value>6000</param-value>
</context-param> <listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener> <servlet>
<servlet-name>spring-mvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>spring-mvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping> <filter>
<filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping> <error-page>
<error-code>404</error-code>
<location>/404.html</location>
</error-page> <welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>

4,配置Spring,在classpath路径下新建applicationContext.xml文件,配置如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:cache="http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc"
xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee"
xmlns:jms="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jms"
xmlns:lang="http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:oxm="http://www.springframework.org/schema/oxm"
xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/jms http://www.springframework.org/schema/jms/spring-jms-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang/spring-lang-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/oxm http://www.springframework.org/schema/oxm/spring-oxm-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/task http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd"
default-autowire="byName" default-lazy-init="true">
<context:component-scan base-package="cn.mylife"/> <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:hibernate.properties"/>
<bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource">
<property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driverClassName}"/>
<property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
<property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
</bean>
<!-- org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.annotation.AnnotationSessionFactoryBean -->
<bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
<property name="hibernateProperties">
<props>
<prop key="hibernate.dialect">${hibernate.dialect}</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.show_sql">${hibernate.show_sql}</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.cache.provider_class">${hibernate.cache.provider_class}</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.cache.use_query_cache">${hibernate.cache.use_query_cache}</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.jdbc.batch_size">${hibernate.jdbc.batch_size}</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache">${hibernate.cache.use_second_level_cache}</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">${hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto}</prop>
<!-- 这一个必须配置,否则会出现no session 的错误 -->
<!-- <prop key="hibernate.current_session_context_class">${hibernate.current_session_context_class}</prop> -->
</props>
</property>
<!-- 自动扫描制定位置下的实体进行映射 -->
<property name="packagesToScan" value="cn.mylife.entity"/>
</bean> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager">
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
</bean>
<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>
</beans>

二,代码实现

1,创建entity实体类:cn.mylife.entity.User

package cn.mylife.entity;

import java.io.Serializable;

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table; /**
* 用户User实体类
* @author Xiongyan
* @date 2015年5月6日 上午10:24:24
* @version 0.0.1
*/
@SuppressWarnings("serial")
@Entity
@Table(name="tb_user")
public class User implements Serializable {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.AUTO)
private Integer id; @Column(name="user_name", length=50, nullable=false)
private String name; public Integer getId() {
return id;
} public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
} public String getName() {
return name;
} public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
} }

2,实现dao层基类:cn.mylife.dao.BaseDao<T>

package cn.mylife.dao;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.List; import javax.annotation.Resource; import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository; /**
* dao层基类,实现增,删,改,查等常用功能。
*
* @author Xiongyan
* @date 2015年5月6日 下午5:24:08
* @version 0.0.1
* @param <T>
*/
@Repository
public class BaseDao<T> {
@Resource
private SessionFactory sessionFactory; /**
* 保存数据
*
* @author Xiongyan
* @date 2015年5月6日 下午5:24:54
* @throws
* @return void 返回类型
*/
public void save(T t) {
sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().save(t);
} /**
* 删除数据
*
* @author Xiongyan
* @date 2015年5月6日 下午5:26:41
* @throws
* @return void 返回类型
*/
public void delete(Serializable id, Class<T> clazz) {
T t = get(id, clazz);
if (t != null)
sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().delete(t);
else
new RuntimeException("你要删除的数据不存在").printStackTrace();
;
} /**
* 更新数据
*
* @author Xiongyan
* @date 2015年5月6日 下午5:29:13
* @throws
* @return void 返回类型
*/
public void update(T t) {
sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().update(t);
} /**
* 根据ID查找数据
*
* @author Xiongyan
* @date 2015年5月6日 下午5:29:46
* @throws
* @return T 返回类型
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public T get(Serializable id, Class<T> clazz) {
return (T) sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().get(clazz, id);
} /**
* 查找所有数据
*
* @author Xiongyan
* @date 2015年5月6日 下午5:30:16
* @throws
* @return List<T> 返回类型
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public List<T> getAll(Class<T> clazz) {
return sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().createQuery(clazz.toString()).list();
}
}

3,service层代码的实现

package cn.mylife.service.user;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.List; import javax.transaction.Transactional; /**
* Service层基类,定义通用的增,删,改,查功能接口。
*
* @author Xiongyan
* @date 2015年5月6日 下午5:41:57
* @version 0.0.1
* @param <T>
*/
public interface BaseService<T> {
/**
* 保存数据
*
* @author Xiongyan
* @date 2015年5月6日 下午5:42:42
* @throws
* @return void 返回类型
*/
@Transactional
public void save(T t); /**
* 删除数据
*
* @author Xiongyan
* @date 2015年5月6日 下午5:43:08
* @throws
* @return void 返回类型
*/
@Transactional
public void delete(Serializable id); /**
* 更新数据
*
* @author Xiongyan
* @date 2015年5月6日 下午5:43:19
* @throws
* @return void 返回类型
*/
@Transactional
public void update(T t); /**
* 根据ID获取数据
*
* @author Xiongyan
* @date 2015年5月6日 下午5:43:30
* @throws
* @return T 返回类型
*/
public T get(Serializable id); /**
* 获取所有的数据
*
* @author Xiongyan
* @date 2015年5月6日 下午5:43:52
* @throws
* @return List<T> 返回类型
*/
public List<T> getAll();
}
package cn.mylife.service.user.impl;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.List; import javax.annotation.Resource; import cn.mylife.dao.BaseDao;
import cn.mylife.service.user.BaseService; import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType;
import java.lang.reflect.Type; /**
* Service层基类实现类。该类是一个抽象类。
* @author Xiongyan
* @date 2015年5月6日 下午6:59:53
* @version 0.0.1
* @param <T>
*/
public abstract class BaseServiceImpl<T> implements BaseService<T> {
@Resource
private BaseDao<T> baseDao; private Class<T> clazz; @SuppressWarnings({ "unchecked", "rawtypes" })
public BaseServiceImpl() {
// 子类
Class cla = getClass();
// 通过子类获取到父类
// 泛型参数
Type type = cla.getGenericSuperclass();
if (type instanceof ParameterizedType) {
ParameterizedType pType = (ParameterizedType) type;
clazz = (Class<T>) pType.getActualTypeArguments()[0];
}
} /*
* 保存数据
* @author Xiongyan
* @date 2015年5月6日 下午6:55:23
* (non-Javadoc)
* @throws
* @see cn.mylife.service.user.BaseService#save(java.lang.Object)
*/
@Override
public void save(T t) {
baseDao.save(t);
} /*
* 根据ID删除数据
* @author Xiongyan
* @date 2015年5月6日 下午6:56:01
* (non-Javadoc)
* @throws
* @see cn.mylife.service.user.BaseService#delete(java.io.Serializable)
*/
@Override
public void delete(Serializable id) {
baseDao.delete(id, clazz);
} /*
* 更新数据
* @author Xiongyan
* @date 2015年5月6日 下午6:56:51
* (non-Javadoc)
* @throws
* @see cn.mylife.service.user.BaseService#update(java.lang.Object)
*/
@Override
public void update(T t) {
baseDao.update(t);
} /*
* 根据ID获得数据
* @author Xiongyan
* @date 2015年5月6日 下午6:57:54
* (non-Javadoc)
* @throws
* @see cn.mylife.service.user.BaseService#get(java.io.Serializable)
*/
@Override
public T get(Serializable id) {
return baseDao.get(id, clazz);
} /*
* 获取所有的数据
* @author Xiongyan
* @date 2015年5月6日 下午6:58:34
* (non-Javadoc)
* @throws
* @see cn.mylife.service.user.BaseService#getAll()
*/
@Override
public List<T> getAll() {
return baseDao.getAll(clazz);
} }
package cn.mylife.service.user;

import cn.mylife.entity.User;

public interface UserService extends BaseService<User>{

}
package cn.mylife.service.user.impl;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import cn.mylife.entity.User;
import cn.mylife.service.user.UserService; @Service
public class UserServiceImpl extends BaseServiceImpl<User> implements UserService{ }

4,controller层代码的实现

package cn.mylife.controller;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView; @Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
@Scope("prototype")
public class UserController { @RequestMapping(value = "/save")
public ModelAndView saveUser() {
ModelAndView view = new ModelAndView("/jsps/testPage");
System.out.println("-- 访问成功 --");
return view;
} }

5,编写JSP页面

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>测试页面</title>
</head>
<body>
这只是一个测试页面。
</body>
</html>

6,编写Spring测试代码:cn.mylife.junit.SpringJunit4.java

package cn.mylife.junit;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner; import cn.mylife.entity.User;
import cn.mylife.service.user.UserService; @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
// 加载spring配置文件
@ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath:applicationContext.xml" })
public class SpringJunit4 {
@Resource
private UserService userService; @Test
public void testUser() throws Exception {
User user = new User();
user.setName("中国人名*");
userService.save(user);
}
}

7,运行测试

Spring + Spring MVC + Hibernate项目开发集成(注解)

我们的测试代码运行成功,下面我们看一下数据库

Spring + Spring MVC + Hibernate项目开发集成(注解)

8,接下来我们测试一下Spring MVC。在浏览器中输入:http://localhost/mylife/user/save.do

Spring + Spring MVC + Hibernate项目开发集成(注解)

至此,咱们的开发框架搭建完成,本文还有很多不足和需要完善的地方,望指出,谢谢!