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- What is an undefined reference/unresolved external symbol error and how do I fix it? 27 answers
- 什么是未定义的引用/未解决的外部符号错误，如何修复它?27日答案
I am trying to compile Bavieca (for a few weeks now tbh), at the same time becoming accustomed with compiling in Linux, learning about static and dynamic libraries etc, so I'm a little new to this area. Bavieca depends on the BLAS/LAPACK libraries. I am using the atlas respective libraries after unsuccessfully trying the dependent ones.
我正在尝试编译Bavieca(现在已经有几个星期了)，同时也习惯了在Linux中编译，学习静态和动态库等等，所以我对这个领域有点陌生。Bavieca依赖于BLAS/LAPACK的图书馆。在未成功地尝试了相关的库之后，我使用了atlas各自的库。
I can compile successfully the first two parts of the distribution (api & common), but compilation fails in the third (tools).
我可以成功地编译发行版的前两部分(api和common)，但是在第三个(工具)中编译失败。
Makefile:
Makefile:
include ../Makefile.defines
INC = -I./algebra -I./alignment -I./audio -I./base -I./decoding -I./dynamicdecoder -I./estimation -I./config -I./hmm \
-I./io -I./other -I./param -I./text -I./transform -I./wfsadecoder ${INCS_DIR_CBLAS} ${INCS_DIR_LAPACK}
SRC_DIR = ../common
OBJ_DIR = ../../obj/$(ARCH)-$(OS)/common
LIB_DIR = ../../lib/$(ARCH)-$(OS)
OBJFILES_BASE = $(patsubst $(SRC_DIR)/%,$(OBJ_DIR)/%,$(patsubst %.cpp,%.o,$(wildcard $(SRC_DIR)/*/*.cpp)))
static: CPPFLAGS_ = $(CPPFLAGS)
pic: CPPFLAGS_ = $(CPPFLAGS_SHARED)
# targets (pic stands for position independent code)
static: createDirectories libcommon.a
pic: createDirectories libcommon_pic.a
clean:
rm -rf $(OBJ_DIR)
rm -rf $(LIB_DIR)/libcommon.a
rm -rf $(LIB_DIR)/libcommon_pic.a
createDirectories:
(mkdir -p $(LIB_DIR))
(mkdir -p $(OBJ_DIR)/algebra)
(mkdir -p $(OBJ_DIR)/alignment)
(mkdir -p $(OBJ_DIR)/audio)
(mkdir -p $(OBJ_DIR)/base)
(mkdir -p $(OBJ_DIR)/config)
(mkdir -p $(OBJ_DIR)/decoding)
(mkdir -p $(OBJ_DIR)/dynamicdecoder)
(mkdir -p $(OBJ_DIR)/estimation)
(mkdir -p $(OBJ_DIR)/hmm)
(mkdir -p $(OBJ_DIR)/io)
(mkdir -p $(OBJ_DIR)/other)
(mkdir -p $(OBJ_DIR)/param)
(mkdir -p $(OBJ_DIR)/sadmodule)
(mkdir -p $(OBJ_DIR)/text)
(mkdir -p $(OBJ_DIR)/transform)
(mkdir -p $(OBJ_DIR)/vtlestimator)
(mkdir -p $(OBJ_DIR)/wfsabuilder)
(mkdir -p $(OBJ_DIR)/wfsadecoder)
# ----------------------------------------------
# create the static library
#-----------------------------------------------
libcommon.a: $(OBJFILES_BASE)
$(AR) $@ $?
(mv libcommon.a $(LIB_DIR))
rm -rf $(OBJ_DIR)
libcommon_pic.a: $(OBJFILES_BASE)
$(AR) $@ $?
(mv libcommon_pic.a $(LIB_DIR))
rm -rf $(OBJ_DIR)
# ----------------------------------------------
# create the object files from the source files
# ----------------------------------------------
$(OBJ_DIR)/algebra/%.o: $(SRC_DIR)/algebra/%.cpp
$(XCC) $(CPPFLAGS_) $(INC) -c $< -o $@
$(OBJ_DIR)/alignment/%.o: $(SRC_DIR)/alignment/%.cpp
$(XCC) $(CPPFLAGS_) $(INC) -c $< -o $@
$(OBJ_DIR)/audio/%.o: $(SRC_DIR)/audio/%.cpp
$(XCC) $(CPPFLAGS_) $(INC) -c $< -o $@
$(OBJ_DIR)/base/%.o: $(SRC_DIR)/base/%.cpp
$(XCC) $(CPPFLAGS_) $(INC) -c $< -o $@
$(OBJ_DIR)/config/%.o: $(SRC_DIR)/config/%.cpp
$(XCC) $(CPPFLAGS_) $(INC) -c $< -o $@
$(OBJ_DIR)/decoding/%.o: $(SRC_DIR)/decoding/%.cpp
$(XCC) $(CPPFLAGS_) $(INC) -c $< -o $@
$(OBJ_DIR)/dynamicdecoder/%.o: $(SRC_DIR)/dynamicdecoder/%.cpp
$(XCC) $(CPPFLAGS_) $(INC) -c $< -o $@
$(OBJ_DIR)/estimation/%.o: $(SRC_DIR)/estimation/%.cpp
$(XCC) $(CPPFLAGS_) $(INC) -c $< -o $@
$(OBJ_DIR)/hmm/%.o: $(SRC_DIR)/hmm/%.cpp
$(XCC) $(CPPFLAGS_) $(INC) -c $< -o $@
$(OBJ_DIR)/io/%.o: $(SRC_DIR)/io/%.cpp
$(XCC) $(CPPFLAGS_) $(INC) -c $< -o $@
$(OBJ_DIR)/other/%.o: $(SRC_DIR)/other/%.cpp
$(XCC) $(CPPFLAGS_) $(INC) -c $< -o $@
$(OBJ_DIR)/param/%.o: $(SRC_DIR)/param/%.cpp
$(XCC) $(CPPFLAGS_) $(INC) -c $< -o $@
$(OBJ_DIR)/sadmodule/%.o: $(SRC_DIR)/sadmodule/%.cpp
$(XCC) $(CPPFLAGS_) $(INC) -c $< -o $@
$(OBJ_DIR)/text/%.o: $(SRC_DIR)/text/%.cpp
$(XCC) $(CPPFLAGS_) $(INC) -c $< -o $@
$(OBJ_DIR)/transform/%.o: $(SRC_DIR)/transform/%.cpp
$(XCC) $(CPPFLAGS_) $(INC) -c $< -o $@
$(OBJ_DIR)/vtlestimator/%.o: $(SRC_DIR)/vtlestimator/%.cpp
$(XCC) $(CPPFLAGS_) $(INC) -c $< -o $@
$(OBJ_DIR)/wfsabuilder/%.o: $(SRC_DIR)/wfsabuilder/%.cpp
$(XCC) $(CPPFLAGS_) $(INC) -c $< -o $@
$(OBJ_DIR)/wfsadecoder/%.o: $(SRC_DIR)/wfsadecoder/%.cpp
$(XCC) $(CPPFLAGS_) $(INC) -c $< -o $@
Makefile.defines:
Makefile.defines:
# ---------------------------------------
# Arch and Operating System settings
# ---------------------------------------
MAKE = make --quiet -w
ARCH := $(shell uname -m | sed s/' '//g)
OS := $(shell uname -s)
# ---------------------------------------
# Linux compile options
# ---------------------------------------
XCC = gcc
# SIMD flags (vector based arithmetic operations)
#SIMD_FLAGS =
# SSE is enabled by default on gcc-4.0 and higher. If SSE is enabled, the C preprocessor symbol __SSE__ is defined
SIMD_FLAGS = -msse3
# AVX is available on Sandy Bridge and later Intel and AMD architectures. If AVX is enabled the C preprocessor symbol __AVX__ is defined
#SIMD_FLAGS = -march=corei7-avx
#CPPFLAGS = -g -Wno-deprecated -Wall -O2 -finline-functions $(SIMD_FLAGS)
CPPFLAGS = -g -Wno-deprecated -O2 -finline-functions $(SIMD_FLAGS)
# -fPIC generates Position Independent Code, which is needed to build shared libraries
# so they can be dynamically relocated, however it may slowdown the code, for this reason
# it should be avoided for object files that build executables or static libraries
CPPFLAGS_SHARED = $(CPPFLAGS) -fPIC
AR = ar rs
# ---------------------------------------
# CBLAS and LAPACK includes/libraries
# ---------------------------------------
BASE = /usr
INCS_DIR_CBLAS = -I$(BASE)/include/atlas
INCS_DIR_LAPACK = -I$(BASE)/include/atlas
LIBS_DIR_CBLAS = -L$(BASE)/lib/atlas-base
LIBS_DIR_LAPACK = -L$(BASE)/lib/atlas-base/atlas
LIB_CBLAS = -lcblas -lblas -lgfortran -lf2c
LIB_LAPACK = -llapack
# ----------------------------------------------------
# Java JNI (Java Native Interface) includes/libraries
# ----------------------------------------------------
JAVA_BASE = /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.7.0-openjdk-amd64
INCS_DIR_JNI = -I$(JAVA_BASE)/include -I$(JAVA_BASE)/include/linux
The output is the following:
输出如下:
(mkdir -p ../../obj/x86_64-Linux/tools)
(mkdir -p ../../bin/x86_64-Linux)
gcc -g -Wno-deprecated -O2 -finline-functions -msse3 -L../../lib/x86_64-Linux/ -L/usr/lib/atlas-base -L/usr/lib/atlas-base/atlas -o ../../bin/x86_64-Linux/aligner ../../obj/x86_64-Linux/tools/mainAligner.o -lcommon -llapack -lcblas -lblas -lgfortran -lf2c
/usr/bin/ld: ../../lib/x86_64-Linux//libcommon.a(HMMStateDecoding.o): undefined reference to symbol 'exp@@GLIBC_2.2.5'
//lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so.6: error adding symbols: DSO missing from command line
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [aligner] Error 1
Now, I've googled and searched and found out that I need to append -lm to the linker phase. Which I did, resulting in multiple undefined references. This is a small sample of the output in this case:
现在，我在google上搜索和搜索，发现我需要将-lm添加到链接器阶段。我做了，导致了多个未定义的引用。这是这个例子中输出的一个小样本:
../../lib/x86_64-Linux//libcommon.a(ConfigurationFeatures.o): In function `ParameterValue':
/home/spgeo/Desktop/bavieca/bavieca-code/src/common/./config/ParameterManager.h:92: undefined reference to `std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::basic_string(std::string const&)'
/home/spgeo/Desktop/bavieca/bavieca-code/src/common/./config/ParameterManager.h:92: undefined reference to `std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::basic_string(std::string const&)'
../../lib/x86_64-Linux//libcommon.a(ConfigurationFeatures.o): In function `std::string::_Rep::_M_dispose(std::allocator<char> const&)':
/usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/basic_string.h:240: undefined reference to `std::string::_Rep::_S_empty_rep_storage'
/usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/basic_string.h:240: undefined reference to `std::string::_Rep::_S_empty_rep_storage'
../../lib/x86_64-Linux//libcommon.a(ConfigurationFeatures.o): In function `std::_Rb_tree_iterator<std::pair<std::string const, std::string> >::operator++()':
/usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/stl_tree.h:189: undefined reference to `std::_Rb_tree_increment(std::_Rb_tree_node_base*)'
../../lib/x86_64-Linux//libcommon.a(ConfigurationFeatures.o): In function `_Alloc_hider':
/usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/basic_string.h:275: undefined reference to `std::string::_Rep::_S_empty_rep_storage'
/usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/basic_string.h:275: undefined reference to `std::string::_Rep::_S_empty_rep_storage'
../../lib/x86_64-Linux//libcommon.a(ConfigurationFeatures.o): In function `std::string::operator=(std::string const&)':
/usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/basic_string.h:547: undefined reference to `std::string::assign(std::string const&)'
/usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/basic_string.h:547: undefined reference to `std::string::assign(std::string const&)'
../../lib/x86_64-Linux//libcommon.a(ConfigurationFeatures.o): In function `std::string::_Rep::_M_dispose(std::allocator<char> const&)':
/usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/basic_string.h:240: undefined reference to `std::string::_Rep::_S_empty_rep_storage'
/usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/basic_string.h:240: undefined reference to `std::string::_Rep::_S_empty_rep_storage'
../../lib/x86_64-Linux//libcommon.a(ConfigurationFeatures.o): In function `__gnu_cxx::new_allocator<Bavieca::ParameterValue>::deallocate(Bavieca::ParameterValue*, unsigned long)':
/usr/include/c++/4.8/ext/new_allocator.h:110: undefined reference to `operator delete(void*)'
../../lib/x86_64-Linux//libcommon.a(ConfigurationFeatures.o): In function `std::string::_Rep::_M_dispose(std::allocator<char> const&)':
/usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/basic_string.h:249: undefined reference to `std::string::_Rep::_M_destroy(std::allocator<char> const&)'
/usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/basic_string.h:249: undefined reference to `std::string::_Rep::_M_destroy(std::allocator<char> const&)'
/usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/basic_string.h:249: undefined reference to `std::string::_Rep::_M_destroy(std::allocator<char> const&)'
/usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/basic_string.h:249: undefined reference to `std::string::_Rep::_M_destroy(std::allocator<char> const&)'
../../lib/x86_64-Linux//libcommon.a(ConfigurationFeatures.o): In function `Bavieca::ConfigurationFeatures::load()':
/home/spgeo/Desktop/bavieca/bavieca-code/src/common/../common/param/ConfigurationFeatures.cpp:110: undefined reference to `__cxa_get_exception_ptr'
../../lib/x86_64-Linux//libcommon.a(ConfigurationFeatures.o): In function `runtime_error':
/usr/include/c++/4.8/stdexcept:112: undefined reference to `vtable for std::runtime_error'
/usr/include/c++/4.8/stdexcept:112: undefined reference to `std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::basic_string(std::string const&)'
../../lib/x86_64-Linux//libcommon.a(ConfigurationFeatures.o): In function `Bavieca::ConfigurationFeatures::load()':
/home/spgeo/Desktop/bavieca/bavieca-code/src/common/../common/param/ConfigurationFeatures.cpp:110: undefined reference to `__cxa_begin_catch'
/home/spgeo/Desktop/bavieca/bavieca-code/src/common/../common/param/ConfigurationFeatures.cpp:111: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)'
/home/spgeo/Desktop/bavieca/bavieca-code/src/common/../common/param/ConfigurationFeatures.cpp:110: undefined reference to `std::runtime_error::~runtime_error()'
/home/spgeo/Desktop/bavieca/bavieca-code/src/common/../common/param/ConfigurationFeatures.cpp:110: undefined reference to `__cxa_end_catch'
/home/spgeo/Desktop/bavieca/bavieca-code/src/common/../common/param/ConfigurationFeatures.cpp:110: undefined reference to `std::runtime_error::~runtime_error()'
/home/spgeo/Desktop/bavieca/bavieca-code/src/common/../common/param/ConfigurationFeatures.cpp:110: undefined reference to `__cxa_end_catch'
../../lib/x86_64-Linux//libcommon.a(ConfigurationFeatures.o): In function `runtime_error':
/usr/include/c++/4.8/stdexcept:112: undefined reference to `std::exception::~exception()'
../../lib/x86_64-Linux//libcommon.a(ConfigurationFeatures.o): In function `Bavieca::ConfigurationFeatures::load()':
/home/spgeo/Desktop/bavieca/bavieca-code/src/common/../common/param/ConfigurationFeatures.cpp:110: undefined reference to `std::terminate()'
../../lib/x86_64-Linux//libcommon.a(ConfigurationFeatures.o): In function `~basic_string':
/usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/basic_string.h:539: undefined reference to `std::string::_Rep::_M_dispose(std::allocator<char> const&)'
../../lib/x86_64-Linux//libcommon.a(ConfigurationFeatures.o):(.gcc_except_table+0xe4): undefined reference to `typeinfo for std::runtime_error'
../../lib/x86_64-Linux//libcommon.a(ConfigurationFeatures.o): In function `__static_initialization_and_destruction_0':
/usr/include/c++/4.8/iostream:74: undefined reference to `std::ios_base::Init::Init()'
/usr/include/c++/4.8/iostream:74: undefined reference to `std::ios_base::Init::~Init()'
../../lib/x86_64-Linux//libcommon.a(ConfigurationFeatures.o):(.eh_frame+0x13): undefined reference to `__gxx_personality_v0'
../../lib/x86_64-Linux//libcommon.a(AudioFile.o): In function `Bavieca::AudioFile::load(char const*, int*)':
/home/spgeo/Desktop/bavieca/bavieca-code/src/common/../common/audio/AudioFile.cpp:48: undefined reference to `operator new[](unsigned long)'
/home/spgeo/Desktop/bavieca/bavieca-code/src/common/../common/audio/AudioFile.cpp:53: undefined reference to `__cxa_get_exception_ptr'
../../lib/x86_64-Linux//libcommon.a(AudioFile.o): In function `runtime_error':
/usr/include/c++/4.8/stdexcept:112: undefined reference to `vtable for std::runtime_error'
/usr/include/c++/4.8/stdexcept:112: undefined reference to `std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::basic_string(std::string const&)'
../../lib/x86_64-Linux//libcommon.a(AudioFile.o): In function `Bavieca::AudioFile::load(char const*, int*)':
/home/spgeo/Desktop/bavieca/bavieca-code/src/common/../common/audio/AudioFile.cpp:53: undefined reference to `__cxa_begin_catch'
/home/spgeo/Desktop/bavieca/bavieca-code/src/common/../common/audio/AudioFile.cpp:54: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)'
/home/spgeo/Desktop/bavieca/bavieca-code/src/common/../common/audio/AudioFile.cpp:54: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)'
/home/spgeo/Desktop/bavieca/bavieca-code/src/common/../common/audio/AudioFile.cpp:53: undefined reference to `std::runtime_error::~runtime_error()'
/home/spgeo/Desktop/bavieca/bavieca-code/src/common/../common/audio/AudioFile.cpp:53: undefined reference to `__cxa_end_catch'
/home/spgeo/Desktop/bavieca/bavieca-code/src/common/../common/audio/AudioFile.cpp:53: undefined reference to `std::runtime_error::~runtime_error()'
/home/spgeo/Desktop/bavieca/bavieca-code/src/common/../common/audio/AudioFile.cpp:53: undefined reference to `__cxa_end_catch'
../../lib/x86_64-Linux//libcommon.a(AudioFile.o): In function `runtime_error':
/usr/include/c++/4.8/stdexcept:112: undefined reference to `std::exception::~exception()'
../../lib/x86_64-Linux//libcommon.a(AudioFile.o): In function `Bavieca::AudioFile::load(char const*, int*)':
/home/spgeo/Desktop/bavieca/bavieca-code/src/common/../common/audio/AudioFile.cpp:53: undefined reference to `std::terminate()'
../../lib/x86_64-Linux//libcommon.a(AudioFile.o):(.gcc_except_table+0x48): undefined reference to `typeinfo for std::runtime_error'
../../lib/x86_64-Linux//libcommon.a(AudioFile.o): In function `__static_initialization_and_destruction_0':
/usr/include/c++/4.8/iostream:74: undefined reference to `std::ios_base::Init::Init()'
/usr/include/c++/4.8/iostream:74: undefined reference to `std::ios_base::Init::~Init()'
../../lib/x86_64-Linux//libcommon.a(AudioFile.o):(.eh_frame+0x53): undefined reference to `__gxx_personality_v0'
../../lib/x86_64-Linux//libcommon.a(FileOutput.o): In function `basic_ios':
/usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/basic_ios.h:456: undefined reference to `std::ios_base::ios_base()'
../../lib/x86_64-Linux//libcommon.a(FileOutput.o): In function `basic_ostream':
/usr/include/c++/4.8/ostream:385: undefined reference to `VTT for std::basic_ofstream<char, std::char_traits<char> >'
../../lib/x86_64-Linux//libcommon.a(FileOutput.o): In function `basic_ios':
/usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/basic_ios.h:456: undefined reference to `vtable for std::basic_ios<char, std::char_traits<char> >'
../../lib/x86_64-Linux//libcommon.a(FileOutput.o): In function `basic_ostream':
/usr/include/c++/4.8/ostream:385: undefined reference to `VTT for std::basic_ofstream<char, std::char_traits<char> >'
/usr/include/c++/4.8/ostream:385: undefined reference to `std::basic_ios<char, std::char_traits<char> >::init(std::basic_streambuf<char, std::char_traits<char> >*)'
../../lib/x86_64-Linux//libcommon.a(FileOutput.o): In function `basic_ofstream':
/usr/include/c++/4.8/fstream:625: undefined reference to `vtable for std::basic_ofstream<char, std::char_traits<char> >'
/usr/include/c++/4.8/fstream:625: undefined reference to `vtable for std::basic_ofstream<char, std::char_traits<char> >'
/usr/include/c++/4.8/fstream:625: undefined reference to `std::basic_filebuf<char, std::char_traits<char> >::basic_filebuf()'
/usr/include/c++/4.8/fstream:626: undefined reference to `std::basic_ios<char, std::char_traits<char> >::init(std::basic_streambuf<char, std::char_traits<char> >*)'
../../lib/x86_64-Linux//libcommon.a(FileOutput.o): In function `_Alloc_hider':
/usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/basic_string.h:275: undefined reference to `std::string::_Rep::_S_empty_rep_storage'
../../lib/x86_64-Linux//libcommon.a(FileOutput.o): In function `std::string::assign(char const*)':
/usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/basic_string.h:1131: undefined reference to `std::string::assign(char const*, unsigned long)'
../../lib/x86_64-Linux//libcommon.a(FileOutput.o): In function `~basic_ios':
/usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/basic_ios.h:276: undefined reference to `vtable for std::basic_ios<char, std::char_traits<char> >'
/usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/basic_ios.h:276: undefined reference to `std::ios_base::~ios_base()'
../../lib/x86_64-Linux//libcommon.a(FileOutput.o): In function `~basic_string':
/usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/basic_string.h:539: undefined reference to `std::string::_Rep::_M_dispose(std::allocator<char> const&)'
../../lib/x86_64-Linux//libcommon.a(FileOutput.o): In function `Bavieca::FileOutput::FileOutput(char const*, bool)':
/home/spgeo/Desktop/bavieca/bavieca-code/src/common/../common/io/FileOutput.cpp:26: undefined reference to `std::basic_ofstream<char, std::char_traits<char> >::~basic_ofstream()'
../../lib/x86_64-Linux//libcommon.a(FileOutput.o): In function `basic_ofstream':
/usr/include/c++/4.8/fstream:625: undefined reference to `std::basic_filebuf<char, std::char_traits<char> >::~basic_filebuf()'
../../lib/x86_64-Linux//libcommon.a(FileOutput.o): In function `~basic_ostream':
/usr/include/c++/4.8/ostream:93: undefined reference to `VTT for std::basic_ofstream<char, std::char_traits<char> >'
/usr/include/c++/4.8/ostream:93: undefined reference to `VTT for std::basic_ofstream<char, std::char_traits<char> >'
../../lib/x86_64-Linux//libcommon.a(FileOutput.o): In function `std::string::_Rep::_M_dispose(std::allocator<char> const&)':
/usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/basic_string.h:240: undefined reference to `std::string::_Rep::_S_empty_rep_storage'
../../lib/x86_64-Linux//libcommon.a(FileOutput.o): In function `~basic_ofstream':
/usr/include/c++/4.8/fstream:674: undefined reference to `vtable for std::basic_ofstream<char, std::char_traits<char> >'
/usr/include/c++/4.8/fstream:674: undefined reference to `vtable for std::basic_ofstream<char, std::char_traits<char> >'
../../lib/x86_64-Linux//libcommon.a(FileOutput.o): In function `~basic_filebuf':
/usr/include/c++/4.8/fstream:220: undefined reference to `vtable for std::basic_filebuf<char, std::char_traits<char> >'
/usr/include/c++/4.8/fstream:220: undefined reference to `std::basic_filebuf<char, std::char_traits<char> >::close()'
/usr/include/c++/4.8/fstream:220: undefined reference to `std::__basic_file<char>::~__basic_file()'
../../lib/x86_64-Linux//libcommon.a(FileOutput.o): In function `~basic_streambuf':
/usr/include/c++/4.8/streambuf:198: undefined reference to `vtable for std::basic_streambuf<char, std::char_traits<char> >'
/usr/include/c++/4.8/streambuf:198: undefined reference to `std::locale::~locale()'
../../lib/x86_64-Linux//libcommon.a(FileOutput.o): In function `~basic_ostream':
/usr/include/c++/4.8/ostream:93: undefined reference to `VTT for std::basic_ofstream<char, std::char_traits<char> >'
/usr/include/c++/4.8/ostream:93: undefined reference to `VTT for std::basic_ofstream<char, std::char_traits<char> >'
../../lib/x86_64-Linux//libcommon.a(FileOutput.o): In function `~basic_ios':
/usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/basic_ios.h:276: undefined reference to `vtable for std::basic_ios<char, std::char_traits<char> >'
/usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/basic_ios.h:276: undefined reference to `std::ios_base::~ios_base()'
../../lib/x86_64-Linux//libcommon.a(FileOutput.o): In function `std::string::_Rep::_M_dispose(std::allocator<char> const&)':
/usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/basic_string.h:249: undefined reference to `std::string::_Rep::_M_destroy(std::allocator<char> const&)'
../../lib/x86_64-Linux//libcommon.a(FileOutput.o): In function `~basic_streambuf':
/usr/include/c++/4.8/streambuf:198: undefined reference to `vtable for std::basic_streambuf<char, std::char_traits<char> >'
/usr/include/c++/4.8/streambuf:198: undefined reference to `std::locale::~locale()'
../../lib/x86_64-Linux//libcommon.a(FileOutput.o): In function `~basic_ostream':
/usr/include/c++/4.8/ostream:93: undefined reference to `VTT for std::basic_ofstream<char, std::char_traits<char> >'
/usr/include/c++/4.8/ostream:93: undefined reference to `VTT for std::basic_ofstream<char, std::char_traits<char> >'
../../lib/x86_64-Linux//libcommon.a(FileOutput.o): In function `~basic_ios':
/usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/basic_ios.h:276: undefined reference to `vtable for std::basic_ios<char, std::char_traits<char> >'
/usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/basic_ios.h:276: undefined reference to `std::ios_base::~ios_base()'
../../lib/x86_64-Linux//libcommon.a(FileOutput.o): In function `~basic_filebuf':
/usr/include/c++/4.8/fstream:220: undefined reference to `std::__basic_file<char>::~__basic_file()'
../../lib/x86_64-Linux//libcommon.a(FileOutput.o): In function `std::basic_ofstream<char, std::char_traits<char> >::open(char const*, std::_Ios_Openmode)':
/usr/include/c++/4.8/fstream:716: undefined reference to `std::basic_filebuf<char, std::char_traits<char> >::open(char const*, std::_Ios_Openmode)'
/usr/include/c++/4.8/fstream:721: undefined reference to `std::basic_ios<char, std::char_traits<char> >::clear(std::_Ios_Iostate)'
../../lib/x86_64-Linux//libcommon.a(FileOutput.o): In function `std::basic_filebuf<char, std::char_traits<char> >::is_open() const':
/usr/include/c++/4.8/fstream:228: undefined reference to `std::__basic_file<char>::is_open() const'
../../lib/x86_64-Linux//libcommon.a(FileOutput.o): In function `operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >':
/usr/include/c++/4.8/ostream:535: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::__ostream_insert<char, std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*, long)'
/usr/include/c++/4.8/ostream:535: undefined reference to `std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::__ostream_insert<char, std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*, long)'
../../lib/x86_64-Linux//libcommon.a(FileOutput.o): In function `std::basic_ios<char, std::char_traits<char> >::setstate(std::_Ios_Iostate)':
/usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/basic_ios.h:152: undefined reference to `std::basic_ios<char, std::char_traits<char> >::clear(std::_Ios_Iostate)'
/usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/basic_ios.h:152: undefined reference to `std::basic_ios<char, std::char_traits<char> >::clear(std::_Ios_Iostate)'
../../lib/x86_64-Linux//libcommon.a(FileOutput.o): In function `std::basic_ofstream<char, std::char_traits<char> >::close()':
/usr/include/c++/4.8/fstream:755: undefined reference to `std::basic_filebuf<char, std::char_traits<char> >::close()'
../../lib/x86_64-Linux//libcommon.a(FileOutput.o): In function `std::basic_ios<char, std::char_traits<char> >::setstate(std::_Ios_Iostate)':
/usr/include/c++/4.8/bits/basic_ios.h:152: undefined reference to `std::basic_ios<char, std::char_traits<char> >::clear(std::_Ios_Iostate)'
../../lib/x86_64-Linux//libcommon.a(FileOutput.o): In function `__static_initialization_and_destruction_0':
/usr/include/c++/4.8/iostream:74: undefined reference to `std::ios_base::Init::Init()'
/usr/include/c++/4.8/iostream:74: undefined reference to `std::ios_base::Init::~Init()'
../../lib/x86_64-Linux//libcommon.a(FileOutput.o):(.eh_frame+0x13): undefined reference to `__gxx_personality_v0'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [param] Error 1
Now I am in a dead-end. I have no experience or knowledge either as to what to do next. Could it be that libm is not functioning properly? The other answers in similar questions in this site didn't apply to my case.
现在我陷入了死胡同。我没有经验，也没有知识去做下一步该做什么。是不是libm不能正常工作了?这个网站上类似问题的其他答案不适用于我的案例。
EDIT: Changing in Makefile.defined the "gcc" to "g++" results in the following output error: undefined reference to cblas_sgemm(CBLAS_ORDER, CBLAS_TRANSPOSE, CBLAS_TRANSPOSE, int, int, int, float, float const*, int, float const*, int, float, float*, int) collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status make: *** [param] Error 1
编辑:修改makefile .定义了“gcc”到“g++”导致的输出错误:未定义对cblas_sgemm的引用(cblas_sgemm(CBLAS_ORDER, cblas_， cblas_， int, int, int, float, float const*， int, float const*， int, float, float*， int) collect2:错误:ld返回1退出状态:*** * (param)错误1。
It seems unable to find the cblas library, even though I've linked both the include and lib directory.
它似乎无法找到cblas库，尽管我已经链接了include和lib目录。
1 个解决方案
#1
1
This looks like a pretty broken makefile... You are compiling a C++ library (as it needs std::string) with a C compiler (gcc). It can't work. Try replacing gcc by g++ in Makefile.defines, and in any case report your bad experience to the developers of the library.
这看起来像是一个破碎的makefile…您正在编译一个c++库(因为它需要std::string)和一个C编译器(gcc)。它不能工作。在makefile .定义中尝试用g++替代gcc，并在任何情况下向库的开发人员报告您的糟糕经验。
#1
1
This looks like a pretty broken makefile... You are compiling a C++ library (as it needs std::string) with a C compiler (gcc). It can't work. Try replacing gcc by g++ in Makefile.defines, and in any case report your bad experience to the developers of the library.
这看起来像是一个破碎的makefile…您正在编译一个c++库(因为它需要std::string)和一个C编译器(gcc)。它不能工作。在makefile .定义中尝试用g++替代gcc，并在任何情况下向库的开发人员报告您的糟糕经验。