python logging模块
python logging提供了标准的日志接口,python logging日志分为5个等级:
debug(), info(), warning(), error() and critical()
简单用法
import logging
logging.warning("warning.........")
logging.critical("server is down")
print:
WARNING:root:warning.........
CRITICAL:root:server is down
5个日志级别所代表的意思:
Level | 说明 |
---|---|
DEBUG | Detailed information, typically of interest only when diagnosing problems. |
INFO | Confirmation that things are working as expected. |
WARNING | An indication that something unexpected happened, or indicative of some problem in the near future (e.g. ‘disk space low’). The software is still working as expected. |
ERROR | Due to a more serious problem, the software has not been able to perform some function. |
CRITICAL | A serious error, indicating that the program itself may be unable to continue running. |
把日志写到文件里
import logging
logging.basicConfig(filename="log_test.log", level=logging.INFO) #此处定义了日志级别,INFO以及高于INFO的日志会被记录
logging.debug("debug..............")
logging.info("info..............")
logging.warning("warning...........")
结果:
我们把日志级别调整一下:
import logging
logging.basicConfig(filename="log_test.log", level=logging.DEBUG) #level 改为 debug
logging.debug("debug..............")
logging.info("info..............")
logging.warning("warning...........")
结果:
debug 级别的日志已经记录了。另外,日志的写入方式是追加,不会覆盖之前的日志。
自定义日志格式
日志格式参数:
%(name)s | Logger的名字 |
---|---|
%(levelno)s | 数字形式的日志级别 |
%(levelname)s | 文本形式的日志级别 |
%(pathname)s | 调用日志输出函数的模块的完整路径名,可能没有 |
%(filename)s | 调用日志输出函数的模块的文件名 |
%(module)s | 调用日志输出函数的模块名 |
%(funcName)s | 调用日志输出函数的函数名 |
%(lineno)d | 调用日志输出函数的语句所在的代码行 |
%(created)f | 当前时间,用UNIX标准的表示时间的浮 点数表示 |
%(relativeCreated)d | 输出日志信息时的,自Logger创建以 来的毫秒数 |
%(asctime)s | 字符串形式的当前时间。默认格式是 “2003-07-08 16:49:45,896”。逗号后面的是毫秒 |
%(thread)d | 线程ID。可能没有 |
%(threadName)s | 线程名。可能没有 |
%(process)d | 进程ID。可能没有 |
%(message)s | 用户输出的消息 |
上段代码看一下:
import logging
logging.basicConfig(filename="log_test.log",
level=logging.DEBUG,
format="%(asctime)s - %(levelname)s - %(module)s - %(lineno)d %(message)s",
datefmt="%Y-%m-%d %I:%M:%S:%p"
)
def fun1():
logging.error("error......")
fun1()
logging.debug("debug..............")
logging.info("info..............")
logging.warning("warning...........")
结果:
高级用法
1.生成logger对象
logger = logging.getLogger("web")
logger.setLevel(logging.INFO) #设置日志级别。默认日志级别为 warning
# 2.生成handler对象
console_handler = logging.StreamHandler() # 用于打印的handler
console_handler.setLevel(logging.WARNING) #也可以专门针对 handler设置日志级别
file_handler = logging.FileHandler("web.log") # 用于输出到文件的 handler
file_handler.setLevel(logging.ERROR)
# 2.1 把handler 对象 绑定到 logger
logger.addHandler(console_handler)
logger.addHandler(file_handler)
# 3.生成formatter 对象
console_formatter = logging.Formatter("%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s")
file_formatter = logging.Formatter("%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(lineno)s - %(message)s")
# 3.1 把formatter 对象 绑定到 handler
console_handler.setFormatter(console_formatter)
file_handler.setFormatter(file_formatter)
logger.info("info----")
logger.warning("warning-------------")
logger.error("error-------")
全局设置的日志级别 和 handler等设置的日志级别,是逐级过滤的。
比如:
- 全局设置的级别是 info ,handler 设置的级别是 debug , 到最后,debug级别的日志会被过滤掉
- 全局设置的界别是 info,handler设置的级别是 error ,到最后,error已经高于error 级别的日志会被输出
过滤日志:
# *_*coding:utf-8 *_*
import logging
class IngonreBackupLogFilter(logging.Filter):
"""查找带 db backup 的日志"""
def filter(self, record):#固定写法
return "db backup" in record.getMessage()
# 1.生成logger对象
logger = logging.getLogger("web")
logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG) #设置日志级别。默认日志级别为 warning
# 1.1 把filter对象添加到logger中
logger.addFilter(IngonreBackupLogFilter())
# 2.生成handler对象
console_handler = logging.StreamHandler() # 用于打印的handler
file_handler = logging.FileHandler("web.log") # 用于输出到文件的 handler
# 2.1 把handler 对象 绑定到 logger
logger.addHandler(console_handler)
logger.addHandler(file_handler)
# 3.生成formatter 对象
console_formatter = logging.Formatter("%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s")
file_formatter = logging.Formatter("%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(lineno)s - %(message)s")
# 3.1 把formatter 对象 绑定到 handler
console_handler.setFormatter(console_formatter)
file_handler.setFormatter(file_formatter)
logger.info("info----")
logger.warning("warning-------------")
logger.error("error-------")
logger.error("error db backup ----")
# 打印:
# 2018-07-08 20:10:40,023 - web - ERROR - error db backup ----
文件自动截断:
import logging
from logging import handlers
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
log_file = "timelog.log"
# file_handler = handlers.RotatingFileHandler(filename=log_file, maxBytes=10, backupCount=3)
file_handler = handlers.TimedRotatingFileHandler(filename=log_file,when="S",interval=5,backupCount=3)
formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s - %(module)s - %(lineno)d - %(message)s')
file_handler.setFormatter(formatter)
logger.addHandler(file_handler)
logger.warning("test1")
logger.warning("test2")
logger.warning("test3")
logger.warning("test4")
结果:会按时间生成不同的日志文件:
file_handler = handlers.TimedRotatingFileHandler(filename=log_file,when="S",interval=5,backupCount=3)
You can use the when to specify the type of interval. The list of possible values is below. Note that they are not case sensitive.
(你可以使用when来指定interval的类型。可能的值列表如下。注意它们不是区分大小写的。 )
(这个英语还是有很有必要花时间去搞一下的)
Value | Type of interval |
---|---|
'S' |
Seconds |
'M' |
Minutes |
'H' |
Hours |
'D' |
Days |
'W' |
Week day (0=Monday) |
'midnight' |
Roll over at midnight 午夜roll over |