JDK和Tomcat部署

时间：2022-05-28 04:43:39

author：JevonWei

版权声明：原创作品

  • JDK就是Java Development Kit.简单的说JDK是面向开发人员使用的SDK，它提供了Java的开发环境和运行环境。SDK是Software Development Kit 一般指软件开发包，可以包括函数库、编译程序等。
  • JRE是Java Runtime Enviroment是指Java的运行环境，是面向Java程序的使用者，而不是开发者。
  • JVM -- java virtual machineJVM就是我们常说的java虚拟机，它是整个java实现跨平台的最核心的部分，所有的java程序会首先被编译为.class的类文件，这种类文件可以在虚拟机上执行，也就是说class并不直接与机器的操作系统相对应，而是经过虚拟机间接与操作系统交互，由虚拟机将程序解释给本地系统执行。
  • Tomcat是由Apache软件基金会下属的Jakarta项目开发的一个Servlet容器，按照Sun Microsystems提供的技术规范，实现了对Servlet和JavaServer Page（JSP）的支持，并提供了作为Web服务器的一些特有功能，如Tomcat管理和控制平台、安全域管理和Tomcat阀等。由于Tomcat本身也内含了一个HTTP服务器，它也可以被视作一个单独的Web服务器。但是，不能将Tomcat和Apache HTTP服务器混淆，Apache HTTP服务器是一个用C语言实现的HTTPWeb服务器；这两个HTTP web server不是捆绑在一起的。Apache Tomcat包含了一个配置管理工具，也可以通过编辑XML格式的配置文件来进行配置。
  • 实际上Tomcat部分是Apache服务器的扩展，但它是独立运行的，所以当你运行tomcat时，它实际上作为一个与Apache独立的进程单独运行的。
  • apache是web服务器,Tomcat是应用（java）服务器，它只是一个servlet(jsp也翻译成servlet)容器，可以认为是apache的扩展，但是可以独立于apache运行。

部署JDK

Oracle官方下载JDK  http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk8-downloads-2133151.html

    [root@danran ~]# rpm -ivh jdk-8u144-linux-x64.rpm

    [root@danran share]# cd /usr/java/   \\/usr/java/为安装JDK的目录

    [root@danran java]# ll

    total 0

    lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root  16 Aug 30 21:28 default -> /usr/java/latest

    drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root 268 Aug 30 21:28 jdk1.8.0_144

    lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root  22 Aug 30 21:28 latest -> /usr/java/jdk1.8.0_144

    [root@danran java]# vim /etc/profile.d/java.sh

    export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/latest \\定义java_home的环境变量

    export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH

    [root@danran java]# exec bash /etc/profile.d/java.sh \\替换执行PATH变量

    [root@danran ~]# echo $JAVA_HOME

    /usr/java/latest

    [root@danran ~]# java -version

    java version "1.8.0_144"

    Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_144-b01)

    Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.144-b01, mixed mode)

yum本地源安装

    [root@danran ~]# yum -y install java-1.8.0-openjdk*

    [root@danran ~]# yum -y install copy-jdk*

    [root@danran ~]# yum -y install lksctp-tools*

    [root@danran ~]# yum -y install python-lxml

    [root@danran ~]# yum -y install tzdata-java

    [root@danran ~]# yum -y chkconfig

    [root@danran ~]# yum -y install chkconfig

    [root@danran ~]# yum -y install nss-softokn

    [root@danran ~]# yum -y install nss-tools

    [root@danran ~]# java -version

    openjdk version "1.8.0_102"

    OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_102-b14)

    OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.102-b14, mixed mode)

部署tomcat(默认端口为8080)

yum源安装

[root@danran ~]# yum -y install tomcat-lib tomcat tomcat-webapps tomcat-docs-webapp tomcat-admin-webapps \\tomcat-admin-webapps为tomcat管理应用程序包 tomcat-docs-webapp为tomcat的在线文档软件包

[root@danran ~]# less /usr/lib/systemd/system/tomcat.service  \\tomcat的服务启动脚本文件

[root@danran ~]# systemctl start tomcat

[root@danran ~]# iptables -F

[root@danran ~]# setenforce 0

client访问

浏览器键入http://192.168.198.135:8080 访问Tomcat的默认网页

二进制安装tomcat

官网下载地址http://tomcat.apache.org/

[root@danran ~]# tar xf apache-tomcat-7.0.78.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

[root@danran ~]# cd /usr/local/

[root@danran local]# ls

apache-tomcat-7.0.78  bin  etc  games  include  lib  lib64  libexec  sbin  share  src

[root@danran local]# ln -sv apache-tomcat-7.0.78/ tomcat

‘tomcat’ -> ‘apache-tomcat-7.0.78/’

[root@danran local]# cd tomcat/

[root@danran tomcat]# ls

bin  conf  lib  LICENSE  logs  NOTICE  RELEASE-NOTES  RUNNING.txt  temp  webapps  work

[root@danran tomcat]# ls bin/

bootstrap.jar                 configtest.bat    setclasspath.sh  tomcat-native.tar.gz

catalina.bat                  configtest.sh     shutdown.bat     tool-wrapper.bat

catalina.sh                   daemon.sh         shutdown.sh      tool-wrapper.sh

catalina-tasks.xml            digest.bat        startup.bat      version.bat

commons-daemon.jar            digest.sh         startup.sh       version.sh

commons-daemon-native.tar.gz  setclasspath.bat  tomcat-juli.jar

    \\ startup.sh  启动脚本 shutdown.sh 停止脚本 version.sh检查版本 configtest.sh 检查配置

[root@danran tomcat]# bin/version.sh

Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/local/tomcat

Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/local/tomcat

Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp

Using JRE_HOME:        /usr/java/latest

Using CLASSPATH:       /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar

Server version: Apache Tomcat/7.0.78

Server built:   May 10 2017 15:02:19 UTC

Server number:  7.0.78.0

OS Name:        Linux

OS Version:     3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64

Architecture:   amd64

JVM Version:    1.8.0_144-b01

JVM Vendor:     Oracle Corporation

导入环境变量

[root@danran tomcat]# vim /etc/profile.d/tomcat.sh

export CATALINA_BASE=/usr/local/tomcat

export PATH=$CATALINA_BASE/bin:$PATH

[root@danran tomcat]# . /etc/profile.d/tomcat.sh

[root@danran tomcat]# echo $CATALINA_BASE

/usr/local/tomcat

将tomcat修改为普通用户运行

[root@danran ~]# useradd -r tomcat

[root@danran ~]# chown -R tomcat.tomcat /usr/local/tomcat/*

[root@danran ~]# ll /usr/local/tomcat/

total 96

drwxr-xr-x. 2 tomcat tomcat  4096 Aug 31 09:47 bin

drwxr-xr-x. 3 tomcat tomcat   174 Aug 31 10:19 conf

drwxr-xr-x. 2 tomcat tomcat  4096 Aug 31 09:47 lib

-rw-r--r--. 1 tomcat tomcat 56846 May 10 23:05 LICENSE

drwxr-xr-x. 2 tomcat tomcat   197 Aug 31 10:19 logs

-rw-r--r--. 1 tomcat tomcat  1239 May 10 23:05 NOTICE

-rw-r--r--. 1 tomcat tomcat  8965 May 10 23:05 RELEASE-NOTES

-rw-r--r--. 1 tomcat tomcat 16195 May 10 23:05 RUNNING.txt

drwxr-xr-x. 2 tomcat tomcat    30 Aug 31 09:47 temp

drwxr-xr-x. 7 tomcat tomcat    81 May 10 23:04 webapps

drwxr-xr-x. 3 tomcat tomcat    22 Aug 31 10:19 work

切换tomcat用户运行tomcat

[root@danran ~]# su - tomcat -c 'catalina.sh start'

或管理员运行tomcat

[root@danran ~]# catalina.sh -help

catalina.sh --help

		debug             Start Catalina in a debugger

		debug -security   Debug Catalina with a security manager

		jpda start        Start Catalina under JPDA debugger

		run               Start Catalina in the current window

		run -security     Start in the current window with security manager

		start             Start Catalina in a separate window

		start  -security   Start in a separate window with security manager

		stop              Stop Catalina, waiting up to 5 seconds for the process to end

		stop n            Stop Catalina, waiting up to n seconds for the process to end

		stop -force       Stop Catalina, wait up to 5 seconds and then use kill -KILL if still running

		stop n -force     Stop Catalina, wait up to n seconds and then use kill -KILL if still running

		configtest        Run a basic syntax check on server.xml - check exit code for result

		version           What version of tomcat are you running?

[root@danran ~]# catalina.sh version \\查看tomcat的版本信息

启动tomcat

[root@danran ~]# catalina.sh start

Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/local/tomcat

Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/local/tomcat

Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp

Using JRE_HOME:        /usr/java/latest

Using CLASSPATH:       /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar

Tomcat started.

client访问

浏览器键入http://192.168.198.135:8080 访问Tomcat的默认网页

tomcat应用部署

  • [root@danran ~]# vim /etc/tomcat/server.xml tomcat的主配置文件

手动冷部署应用程序

[root@danran ~]# systemctl stop tomcat

[root@danran ~]# ls /usr/share/tomcat/webapps/

docs  examples  host-manager  manager  ROOT  sample

[root@danran ~]# ls /var/lib/tomcat/webapps/

docs  examples  host-manager  manager  ROOT  sample

[root@danran ~]# mkdir -pv /usr/share/tomcat/webapps/test/{classes,lib,WEB-INF,META-INF}

[root@danran ~]# vim /usr/share/tomcat/webapps/test/index.jsp

    <%@ page language="java" %> \\表示页面的编程语言

    <%@ page import="java.util.*" %> \\导入的java类库

    <html>

        <head>

            <title>Test Page</title> \\网页的标题

        </head>

        <body>

            <% out.println("hello world");

            %>

        </body>

    </html>

[root@danran ~]# systemctl start tomcat

[root@danran ~]# ss -ntl

client

浏览器键入http://172.16.253.108:8080/test/

输出标签页标题为Test Page，网页输出显示hello word

web manager管理界面

[root@danran ~]# vim /etc/tomcat/tomcat-users.xml  \\manager管理界面的认证用户配置文件

<role rolename="manager-gui"/>  \\启用manager-gui管理组

<user username="tomcat" password="tomcat" roles="manager-gui"/> \\添加用户到manager-gui管理组中，用户为tomcat，密码为tomcat

[root@danran ~]# systemctl restart tomcat

浏览器键入用户名tomcat和密码即可登录Tomcat Web Application Manager

JDK和Tomcat部署

JDK和Tomcat部署

Server Information服务器的状态信息

JDK和Tomcat部署

修改tomcat的管理接口

[root@danran ~]# vim /etc/tomcat/server.xml  \\监听本地127.16.0.1地址的8005端口

    <Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">

登录tomcat的管理接口

[root@danran ~]# telnet 127.16.0.1:8005

    输入SHUTDOWN命令即可关毕tomcat程序

定义host主机

[root@danran ~]# vim /etc/tomcat/server.xml

    <Host name="www.danran.com"  appBase="/data/webapps"

        unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">

    </Host>

[root@danran ~]# mkdir -p /data/webapps

[root@danran ~]# mkdir /data/webapps/ROOT

[root@danran ~]# mkdir /data/webapps/ROOT/{classes,lib,WEB-INF,META-INF}

[root@danran ~]# vim /data/webapps/ROOT/index.jsp

    <%@ page language="java" %>

    <html>

        <head><title>TomcatB</title></head>

            <body>

            <h1><font color="blue">TomcatB.magedu.com</font></h1>

            <table align="centre" border="1">

                <tr>

                    <td>Session ID</td>

                <% session.setAttribute("magedu.com","magedu.com"); %>

                    <td><%= session.getId() %></td>

                </tr>

                <tr>

                    <td>Created on</td>

                    <td><%= session.getCreationTime() %></td>

                </tr>

            </table>

        </body>

    </html>	

[root@danran ~]# elinks www.danran.com:8080

Context设置

[root@danran ~]# systemctl stop tomcat.service

[root@danran ~]# unzip javaee-bbs-1.3.zip

[root@danran ~]# mv javaee-1.3/ /data/webapps/

    <Host name="www.danran.com"  appBase="/data/webapps"

        unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">

         <Context path="/bbs" docBase="/app/bbs" reload="true"></Context>

    </Host>

浏览器输入www.danran.com:8080/bbs访问/app/bbs资源

管理host manager web界面

[root@danran ~]# vim /etc/tomcat/tomcat-users.xml

    <role rolename="admin-gui"/>

    <user username="tomcat" password="tomcat" roles="admin-gui"/>

定义Valve组件

[root@danran ~]# vim /etc/tomcat/server.xml

    <Host name="www.danran.com"  appBase="/data/webapps/"

        unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true" >

    <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"

        prefix="danran_access.log" suffix=".log"

        pattern="%h %l %u %t &quot;%r&quot; %s %b" />

    </Host>

[root@danran ~]# systemctl restart tomcat                 [root@danran ~]# ll /var/log/tomcat/danran_access.log2017-08-31.log

-rw-r--r--. 1 tomcat tomcat 73 Aug 31 16:56 /var/log/tomcat/danran_access.log2017-08-31.log

[root@danran ~]# tail /var/log/tomcat/danran_access.log2017-08-31.log

172.16.253.105 - - [31/Aug/2017:16:56:23 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 420

反代理tomcat

nginx与tomcat在同一台服务器上

[root@danran ~]# yum -y install nginx

[root@danran ~]# vim /etc/hosts

    172.16.253.108 www.danran.com

[root@danran ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/tomcat.conf \\主机名传递

    server {

        server_name www.jevon.com;

        listen 80;

        location / {

            proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080;

        }

    }

    server {

        server_name www.danran.com;

        listen 80;

        location / {

            root /usr/share/tomcat/webapps;

            rewrite ^/(.*)$ /ROOT/$1; \\访问的静态资源都重定向到/ROOT/目录下

        }

        location ~* \.(jsp|do)$ {

            proxy_pass http://www.danran.com:8080;

        }

    }

[root@danran ~]# nginx -t

[root@danran ~]# systemctl restart nginx

httpd代理tomcat

[root@danran ~]# yum -y install httpd

[root@danran ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/tomcat_http.conf

    <VirtualHost *:80>

        ServerName www.danran.com

        ServerAlias www.jevon.com

        ProxyRequests Off  \\关闭正向代理

        ProxyVia     On \\添加主机名首部

        ProxyPreserveHost On \\传递主机名到后端服务器

        <Proxy *>

            Require all granted

        </Proxy>

        ProxyPass / http://www.danran.com:8080/

        ProxyPassReverse / http://www.danran.com:8080/

        <Location />

            Require all granted

        </Location>

    </VirtualHost>

[root@danran ~]# systemctl restart httpd

AJP协议代理

[root@danran ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/tomcat_ajp.conf

    <VirtualHost *:80>

        ServerName www.danran.com

        index index.jsp index.html;

        ProxyRequests Off

        ProxyVia     On

        ProxyPreserveHost On

        <Proxy *>

            Require all granted

        </Proxy>

        ProxyPass / ajp://127.0.0.1:8009/

        ProxyPassReverse / ajp://127.0.0.1:8009/

        <Location />

            Require all granted

        </Location>

    </VirtualHost>

[root@danran ~]# httpd -t

[root@danran ~]# systemctl restart httpd

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