Android之——流量管理程序示例

时间：2022-06-10 04:41:44
转载请注明出处:http://blog.csdn.net/l1028386804/article/details/47680811

目前，市面上有很多管理手机流量的软件，可以让用户实时获取到自己手机中当前消耗了多少流量，手机中每个应用程序消耗了多少手机流量，那么这些功能Android中是如何实现的呢，这篇文章就是要向大家介绍一下，Android系统中流量管理的功能。那么，就让我们一起来实现这些实用的功能吧。

一、原理

按照惯例，我们还是先来谈谈原理级别的东西。

Android系统中封装了一套流量数据API，这些API可以很好的管理Android系统流量使用情况。我们可以基于这些Android API来实现管理手机流量的功能。这些API很好的封装在了android.net包下的TrafficStats中，主要的方法有

//2g/3g接收的流量
TrafficStats.getMobileRxBytes();
//2g/3g接收的包信息
TrafficStats.getMobileRxPackets();
//2g/3g上传的流量
TrafficStats.getMobileTxBytes();
//2g/3g上传的包信息
TrafficStats.getMobileTxPackets();
//手机总共接收的流量
TrafficStats.getTotalRxBytes();
//手机总共上传的流量
TrafficStats.getTotalTxBytes();
//得到某个应用程程序接收的流量
TrafficStats.getUidRxBytes(uid);
//得到某个应用程程序接收的流量
TrafficStats.getUidTxBytes(uid);
我们就基于这些方法实现一个Android手机流量管理的程序示例。

二、实现

1、创建实体类TrafficInfo

为了更好的提现java面向对象的思想，我将获取的手机应用程序的信息封装成一个javabean，这个javabean实体类封装了应用程序的图标，包名，名称，用户id等信息，

具体实现代码如下:

package cn.lyz.mobilesafe.domain;

import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;

/**
 * 流量信息
 * @author liuyazhuang
 *
 */
public class TrafficInfo {
//应用图标
private Drawable icon;
//app名称
private String appname;
//包名
private String packname;
//uid
private int uid;


public TrafficInfo() {
super();
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}

public TrafficInfo(Drawable icon, String appname, String packname, int uid) {
super();
this.icon = icon;
this.appname = appname;
this.packname = packname;
this.uid = uid;
}

public Drawable getIcon() {
return icon;
}
public void setIcon(Drawable icon) {
this.icon = icon;
}
public String getAppname() {
return appname;
}
public void setAppname(String appname) {
this.appname = appname;
}
public String getPackname() {
return packname;
}
public void setPackname(String packname) {
this.packname = packname;
}
public int getUid() {
return uid;
}
public void setUid(int uid) {
this.uid = uid;
}

@Override
public String toString() {
return "TrafficInfo [icon=" + icon + ", appname=" + appname
+ ", packname=" + packname + ", uid=" + uid + "]";
}
}

2、获取手机安装的应用程序的工具类TrafficManagerService

这个封装了主要封装了两个方法，一个是查询能够启动的应用程序方法getLauncherTrafficInfos，一个是获取拥有internet权限的应用列表的方法getInternetTrafficInfos，两个方法的返回值都是一个应用程序列表集合List<TrafficInfo>。

具体实现代码如下：

package cn.lyz.mobilesafe.engine;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import android.Manifest;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.pm.ApplicationInfo;
import android.content.pm.PackageInfo;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.content.pm.ResolveInfo;
import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;
import cn.lyz.mobilesafe.domain.TrafficInfo;

/**
 * 获取手机安装的应用程序的的引擎工具类
 * @author liuyazhuang
 *
 */
public class TrafficManagerService {

private PackageManager pm;
public TrafficManagerService(Context context) {
super();
pm = context.getPackageManager();
}

/**
 * 查询能够启动的应用程序
 * @return
 */
public List<TrafficInfo> getLauncherTrafficInfos(){
List<TrafficInfo> trafficInfos = new ArrayList<TrafficInfo>();
//查询能够启动的应用程序  
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_MAIN);
intent.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_LAUNCHER);

//ResolveInfo  就类似于一个IntentFilter
List<ResolveInfo> resolveInfos = pm.queryIntentActivities(intent, PackageManager.MATCH_DEFAULT_ONLY);
for(ResolveInfo info:resolveInfos){
ApplicationInfo appInfo = info.activityInfo.applicationInfo;
Drawable appicon = appInfo.loadIcon(pm);
String appname = appInfo.loadLabel(pm).toString();

String packageName = appInfo.packageName;
int uid = appInfo.uid;

trafficInfos.add(new TrafficInfo(appicon, appname, packageName, uid));
}
return trafficInfos;
}

/**
 * 获取拥有internet权限的应用列表
 * @return
 */
public List<TrafficInfo> getInternetTrafficInfos(){
List<TrafficInfo> trafficInfos = new ArrayList<TrafficInfo>();
//获取手机中安装的并且具有权限的应用
List<PackageInfo> installedPackages = pm.getInstalledPackages(PackageManager.GET_UNINSTALLED_PACKAGES | PackageManager.GET_PERMISSIONS);
for(PackageInfo info : installedPackages){
//获取权限数组
String[] permissions = info.requestedPermissions;
if(permissions != null && permissions.length > 0){
for(String permission : permissions){
if(permission.equals(Manifest.permission.INTERNET)){
ApplicationInfo applicationInfo = info.applicationInfo;
Drawable icon = applicationInfo.loadIcon(pm);
String appname = applicationInfo.loadLabel(pm).toString();
String packagename = applicationInfo.packageName;
int uid = applicationInfo.uid;
TrafficInfo trafficInfo = new TrafficInfo(icon, appname, packagename, uid);
trafficInfos.add(trafficInfo);
}
}
}
}
return trafficInfos;
}
}

3、创建文本格式化工具类TextFormat

当我们在Android系统中获取到流量信息时，有些流量的单位是byte，有些流量的单位是kb，为了统一显示这些流量信息单位，我在这里写了一个格式化流量单位的工具类。

具体实现代码如下：

package cn.lyz.mobilesafe.utils;

import java.text.DecimalFormat;

/**
 * 文本格式化工具类
 * @author liuyazhuang
 *
 */
public class TextFormat {

/**
 * 格式化数据
 * @param data
 * @return
 */
public static String formatByte(long data){
DecimalFormat format = new DecimalFormat("##.##");
if(data < 1024){
return data+"bytes";
}else if(data < 1024 * 1024){
return format.format(data/1024f) +"KB";
}else if(data < 1024 * 1024 * 1024){
return format.format(data/1024f/1024f) +"MB";
}else if(data < 1024 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024){
return format.format(data/1024f/1024f/1024f) +"GB";
}else{
return "超出统计范围";
}
}
}

4、程序入口TrafficManagerActivity

1)类成员字段

protected static final int SUCCESS_GET_TRAFFICINFO = 0;
protected static final int REFRESH_TRAFFIC = 1;
private TextView tv_traffic_manager_mobile;
private TextView tv_traffic_manager_wifi;
private ListView lv_traffic_manager_content;
private TrafficManagerService managerService;
private List<TrafficInfo> trafficInfos;
private List<TrafficInfo> realTrafficInfos;
private TrafficManagerAdapter mAdapter;

2)获取手机2g/3g总流量

/**
 * 获取手机2g/3g总流量
 * @return
 */
private long getMobileTotal(){
long mobile_rx = TrafficStats.getMobileRxBytes();
long mobile_tx = TrafficStats.getMobileTxBytes();
return (mobile_rx + mobile_tx) < 0 ? 0 : (mobile_rx + mobile_tx);
}

3)获取手机总流量

/**
 * 获取手机总流量
 * @return
 */
private long total(){
return TrafficStats.getTotalRxBytes() + TrafficStats.getTotalTxBytes();
}

4)获取WIFI总流量

/**
 * 获取WIFI总流量
 * @return
 */
private long getWifiTotal(){
return total() - getMobileTotal();
}

5)自定义适配器TrafficManagerAdapter

这是个内部类，继承自BaseAdapter，主要实现了将获取到的数据显示到界面上的操作，我们这里用到了ListView的ViewHolder缓存技术。

具体实现代码如下:

static class ViewHolder{
ImageView iv_appicon;
TextView tv_appname;
TextView tv_apptx;
TextView tv_apprx;
TextView tv_apptarffic;
}
private class TrafficManagerAdapter extends BaseAdapter{
private LayoutInflater mLayoutInflater;
public TrafficManagerAdapter(Context context){
mLayoutInflater = LayoutInflater.from(context);
}
@Override
public int getCount() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return realTrafficInfos.size();
}

@Override
public Object getItem(int position) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return realTrafficInfos.get(position);
}

@Override
public long getItemId(int position) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return position;
}

@Override
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
View view = null;
ViewHolder holder = null;
if(convertView != null){
view = convertView;
holder = (ViewHolder) view.getTag();
}else{
view = mLayoutInflater.inflate(R.layout.traffic_manager_item, null);
holder = new ViewHolder();
holder.iv_appicon = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.iv_appicon);
holder.tv_appname = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.tv_appname);
holder.tv_apptx = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.tv_apptx);
holder.tv_apprx = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.tv_apprx);
holder.tv_apptarffic = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.tv_apptarffic);
view.setTag(holder);
}
TrafficInfo info = realTrafficInfos.get(position);
holder.iv_appicon.setImageDrawable(info.getIcon());
String name = info.getAppname();
if(name.length() > 8){
name = name.substring(0, 7)+"...";
}
holder.tv_appname.setText(name);
int uid = info.getUid();
long tx = TrafficStats.getUidTxBytes(uid);
if(tx < 0){
tx = 0;
}
long rx = TrafficStats.getUidRxBytes(uid);
if(rx < 0){
rx = 0;
}
long total = tx + rx;
holder.tv_apptarffic.setText(TextFormat.formatByte(total));
holder.tv_apptx.setText("上传:"+TextFormat.formatByte(tx));
holder.tv_apprx.setText("下载:"+TextFormat.formatByte(rx));

return view;
}

}

6)Handler实现

我们通过一个Hanlder来实现主线程与子线程的交互操作，将子线程处理的结果数据，通过Handler与Message机制传递到主线程。

具体实现代码如下:

private Handler mHandler = new Handler(){
public void handleMessage(android.os.Message msg) {
switch (msg.what) {
case SUCCESS_GET_TRAFFICINFO:
mAdapter = new TrafficManagerAdapter(TrafficManagerActivity.this);
lv_traffic_manager_content.setAdapter(mAdapter);
timer = new Timer();
timer.schedule(timerTask, 0,2000);
break;
case REFRESH_TRAFFIC:
if(mAdapter != null){
mAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
}
break;
default:
break;
}
};
};

7)实现定时操作

在这个示例程序中，我们需要一个定时器来实时获取手机流量数据，来实现动态实时效果的呈现，所以，我在这里用到了Timer和TimerTask两个工具类，来实现2秒钟向主线程发送一次message消息，由Handler来执行刷新界面显示的效果。

具体实现代码如下：

private Timer timer;
private TimerTask timerTask = new TimerTask() {
@Override
public void run() {
Message msg = new Message();
msg.what = REFRESH_TRAFFIC;
mHandler.sendMessage(msg);
}
};

8)onCreate方法

这个方法主要实现的功能是初始化页面控件，设置控件事件，在子线程中实现获取手机流量信息等操作。

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.traffic_manager);

tv_traffic_manager_mobile = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_traffic_manager_mobile);
tv_traffic_manager_wifi = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_traffic_manager_wifi);
lv_traffic_manager_content = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.lv_traffic_manager_content);

tv_traffic_manager_mobile.setText(TextFormat.formatByte(getMobileTotal()));
tv_traffic_manager_wifi.setText(TextFormat.formatByte(getWifiTotal()));
managerService = new TrafficManagerService(this);
new Thread(new Runnable() {

@Override
public void run() {
//trafficInfos = managerService.getLauncherTrafficInfos();
realTrafficInfos = managerService.getInternetTrafficInfos();
//realTrafficInfos = new ArrayList<TrafficInfo>();
//for(TrafficInfo info : trafficInfos){
//if(TrafficStats.getUidRxBytes(info.getUid()) == -1 && TrafficStats.getUidTxBytes(info.getUid())== -1){
//
//}else{
//realTrafficInfos.add(info);
//}
//}
Message msg = new Message();
msg.what = SUCCESS_GET_TRAFFICINFO;
msg.obj = trafficInfos;
mHandler.sendMessage(msg);
}
}).start();

9)onDestroy方法

我们主要在这个回调方法中实现资源释放的操作。

具体实现代码如下：

@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onDestroy();
if(timer != null){
timer.cancel();
timer = null;
}
if(timerTask != null){
timerTask.cancel();
timerTask = null;
}
}

10)完整源代码

package com.lyz.traffic.state.activity;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Timer;
import java.util.TimerTask;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Context;
import android.net.TrafficStats;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Message;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.BaseAdapter;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.TextView;
import cn.lyz.mobilesafe.domain.TrafficInfo;
import cn.lyz.mobilesafe.engine.TrafficManagerService;
import cn.lyz.mobilesafe.utils.TextFormat;

/**
 * 流量管理
 * @author liuyazhuang
 *
 */
public class TrafficManagerActivity extends Activity {
protected static final int SUCCESS_GET_TRAFFICINFO = 0;
protected static final int REFRESH_TRAFFIC = 1;
private TextView tv_traffic_manager_mobile;
private TextView tv_traffic_manager_wifi;
private ListView lv_traffic_manager_content;
private TrafficManagerService managerService;
private List<TrafficInfo> trafficInfos;
private List<TrafficInfo> realTrafficInfos;
private TrafficManagerAdapter mAdapter;

private Timer timer;
private TimerTask timerTask = new TimerTask() {
@Override
public void run() {
Message msg = new Message();
msg.what = REFRESH_TRAFFIC;
mHandler.sendMessage(msg);
}
};

private Handler mHandler = new Handler(){
public void handleMessage(android.os.Message msg) {
switch (msg.what) {
case SUCCESS_GET_TRAFFICINFO:
mAdapter = new TrafficManagerAdapter(TrafficManagerActivity.this);
lv_traffic_manager_content.setAdapter(mAdapter);
timer = new Timer();
timer.schedule(timerTask, 0,2000);
break;
case REFRESH_TRAFFIC:
if(mAdapter != null){
mAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
}
break;
default:
break;
}
};
};

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.traffic_manager);

tv_traffic_manager_mobile = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_traffic_manager_mobile);
tv_traffic_manager_wifi = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_traffic_manager_wifi);
lv_traffic_manager_content = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.lv_traffic_manager_content);

tv_traffic_manager_mobile.setText(TextFormat.formatByte(getMobileTotal()));
tv_traffic_manager_wifi.setText(TextFormat.formatByte(getWifiTotal()));
managerService = new TrafficManagerService(this);
new Thread(new Runnable() {

@Override
public void run() {
//trafficInfos = managerService.getLauncherTrafficInfos();
realTrafficInfos = managerService.getInternetTrafficInfos();
//realTrafficInfos = new ArrayList<TrafficInfo>();
//for(TrafficInfo info : trafficInfos){
//if(TrafficStats.getUidRxBytes(info.getUid()) == -1 && TrafficStats.getUidTxBytes(info.getUid())== -1){
//
//}else{
//realTrafficInfos.add(info);
//}
//}
Message msg = new Message();
msg.what = SUCCESS_GET_TRAFFICINFO;
msg.obj = trafficInfos;
mHandler.sendMessage(msg);
}
}).start();

////2g/3g接收的流量
//TrafficStats.getMobileRxBytes();
////2g/3g接收的包信息
//TrafficStats.getMobileRxPackets();
////2g/3g上传的流量
//TrafficStats.getMobileTxBytes();
////2g/3g上传的包信息
//TrafficStats.getMobileTxPackets();
////手机总共接收的流量
//TrafficStats.getTotalRxBytes();
////手机总共上传的流量
//TrafficStats.getTotalTxBytes();
////得到某个应用程程序接收的流量
//TrafficStats.getUidRxBytes(uid);
////得到某个应用程程序接收的流量
//TrafficStats.getUidTxBytes(uid);
}

@Override
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
// Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main, menu);
return true;
}

/**
 * 获取手机2g/3g总流量
 * @return
 */
private long getMobileTotal(){
long mobile_rx = TrafficStats.getMobileRxBytes();
long mobile_tx = TrafficStats.getMobileTxBytes();
return mobile_rx + mobile_tx;
}

/**
 * 获取手机总流量
 * @return
 */
private long total(){
return TrafficStats.getTotalRxBytes() + TrafficStats.getTotalTxBytes();
}

/**
 * 获取WIFI总流量
 * @return
 */
private long getWifiTotal(){
return total() - getMobileTotal();
}

static class ViewHolder{
ImageView iv_appicon;
TextView tv_appname;
TextView tv_apptx;
TextView tv_apprx;
TextView tv_apptarffic;
}
private class TrafficManagerAdapter extends BaseAdapter{
private LayoutInflater mLayoutInflater;
public TrafficManagerAdapter(Context context){
mLayoutInflater = LayoutInflater.from(context);
}
@Override
public int getCount() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return realTrafficInfos.size();
}

@Override
public Object getItem(int position) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return realTrafficInfos.get(position);
}

@Override
public long getItemId(int position) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return position;
}

@Override
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
View view = null;
ViewHolder holder = null;
if(convertView != null){
view = convertView;
holder = (ViewHolder) view.getTag();
}else{
view = mLayoutInflater.inflate(R.layout.traffic_manager_item, null);
holder = new ViewHolder();
holder.iv_appicon = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.iv_appicon);
holder.tv_appname = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.tv_appname);
holder.tv_apptx = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.tv_apptx);
holder.tv_apprx = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.tv_apprx);
holder.tv_apptarffic = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.tv_apptarffic);
view.setTag(holder);
}
TrafficInfo info = realTrafficInfos.get(position);
holder.iv_appicon.setImageDrawable(info.getIcon());
String name = info.getAppname();
if(name.length() > 8){
name = name.substring(0, 7)+"...";
}
holder.tv_appname.setText(name);
int uid = info.getUid();
long tx = TrafficStats.getUidTxBytes(uid);
if(tx < 0){
tx = 0;
}
long rx = TrafficStats.getUidRxBytes(uid);
if(rx < 0){
rx = 0;
}
long total = tx + rx;
holder.tv_apptarffic.setText(TextFormat.formatByte(total));
holder.tv_apptx.setText("上传:"+TextFormat.formatByte(tx));
holder.tv_apprx.setText("下载:"+TextFormat.formatByte(rx));

return view;
}

}

@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onDestroy();
if(timer != null){
timer.cancel();
timer = null;
}
if(timerTask != null){
timerTask.cancel();
timerTask = null;
}
}
}

5、布局文件

这里一个是主布局文件traffic_manager.xml和ListView的条目布局文件traffic_manager_item.xml

分别实现如下:

1)traffic_manager.xml

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical" >

    <TableLayout
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" >

        <TableRow
            android:layout_width="fill_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content" >

            <TextView
                android:layout_width="0dp"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:layout_weight="1"
                android:gravity="center"
                android:text="2g/3g" />

            <TextView
                android:layout_width="0dp"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:layout_weight="1"
                android:gravity="center"
                android:text="wifi" />
        </TableRow>

        <TableRow
            android:layout_width="fill_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content" >

            <TextView
                android:id="@+id/tv_traffic_manager_mobile"
                android:layout_width="0dp"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:layout_weight="1"
                android:gravity="center"
                android:text="200Mb" />

            <TextView
                android:id="@+id/tv_traffic_manager_wifi"
                android:layout_width="0dp"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:layout_weight="1"
                android:gravity="center"
                android:text="50MB" />
        </TableRow>
    </TableLayout>

    <SlidingDrawer
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="fill_parent"
        android:content="@+id/lv_traffic_manager_content"
        android:handle="@+id/handle"
        android:orientation="vertical" >

        <ImageView
            android:id="@id/handle"
            android:layout_width="30dp"
            android:layout_height="30dp"
            android:src="@drawable/notification" />

        <ListView
            android:id="@id/lv_traffic_manager_content"
            android:layout_width="fill_parent"
            android:layout_height="fill_parent" >
        </ListView>
    </SlidingDrawer>

</LinearLayout>

2)traffic_manager_item.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent" >

    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/iv_appicon"
        android:layout_width="35dip"
        android:layout_height="35dip"
        android:scaleType="fitXY"
        android:src="@drawable/ic_launcher" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_appname"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_toRightOf="@id/iv_appicon"
        android:text="我最摇摆"
        android:textColor="@android:color/white"
        android:textSize="20sp" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_apptarffic"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
        android:text="20MB"
        android:textColor="@android:color/white"
        android:textSize="20sp" />

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_below="@id/tv_appname"
        android:layout_toRightOf="@id/iv_appicon"
        android:orientation="horizontal" >

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/tv_apptx"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_marginRight="80dp"
            android:text="上传：20MB"
            android:textSize="14sp" />

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/tv_apprx"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="下载:20MB"
            android:textSize="14sp" />
    </LinearLayout>

</RelativeLayout>

三、运行效果

Android之——流量管理程序示例

Android之——流量管理程序示例

四、温馨提示

大家可以到链接http://download.csdn.net/detail/l1028386804/9008451下载完整的Android流量管理程序示例源代码

本实例中，为了方面，我把一些文字直接写在了布局文件中和相关的类中，大家在真实的项目中要把这些文字写在string.xml文件中，在外部引用这些资源，切记，这是作为一个Android程序员最基本的开发常识和规范，我在这里只是为了方便直接写在了类和布局文件中。

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