Android RecyclerView 详解(1)---线性布局

RecyclerView是Android 5.0新增的控件，在android-support-v7下面。官方文档对RecycleView介绍很简洁到位，如下：

A flexible view for providing a limited window into a large data set.
大概意思就是说：在有限大小的窗口里显示大量数据的一个灵活的view。

下面是ReccleView继承图：
Android RecyclerView 详解(1)---线性布局

看到这里我们自然想到了与之类似的控件ListView，RecyclerView和ListView都是在有限的屏幕区域里维护少量的View来进行显示大量的数据，其实RecyclerView是ListView的升级版，功能更加强大，更加灵活，扩展性更强，Google建议使用RecycleView替代ListView。

下面是RecycleView结构图：
Android RecyclerView 详解(1)---线性布局

RecycleView主要包括以下几个部件：

1. RecyclerView.Adapter

数据和视图的分离设计是程序解耦和可维护的重要指标，RecycleView作为展示大量数据的view肯定是遵循这个设计的，ListView也不例外。通过继承RecycleView.Adapter即可轻松实现自己的adapter，主要重写RecycleView.Adapter的下面三个方法即可实现：

public MyRecycleViewAdapter.MyViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parent, int viewType) 
public void onBindViewHolder(MyRecycleViewAdapter.MyViewHolder holder, int position)
public int getItemCount()

上面MyRecycleViewAdapter是我自己定义的ViewHolder

2. ViewHolder

ViewHolder用来保存列表中item view引用的类，这样做的目的是重用item视图，从而提高性能。
在ListView中，ViewHolder不是ListView自带的，是需要自己定义的，当然你也可以不使用ViewHolder，这样的后果就是ListView每次调用getView()方法的时候都会调用findViewById()方法，要知道findViewById()性能很差，它通过递归的方式去从view树中找特定的子view的，最终往往带来很差的性能体验，所以使用ViewHolder也成了优化ListView最重要的手段。
在RecyclerView中，Android内置了RecyclerView.ViewHolder，这意味着ViewHolder使用成了必须。

3. 分割线 RecycleView.ItemDecoration

ListView添加分割线很简单，只需在ListView的xml中配置”divider”属性即可，如：

android:dividerHeight="2dp"
android:divider="@color/red"

但RecycleView添加分割线是比较麻烦的，并且默认是不带分割线的。但实际开发中一般都需要分割线，使用RecycleView.ItemDecoration为RecycleView添加分割线

4. 布局管理器 LayoutManager

RecycleView支持多种布局模式：

LinearLayoutManager
线性布局管理器，支持水平布局和垂直布局两种
GridLayoutManager
网格布局管理器
StaggerdGridLayoutManager
错列的网格布局管理器，可以实现瀑布流列表

RecycleView使用时和ListView很类似，直接看一个简单的例子，分别展示一个垂直方向和水平方向上的列表，并且都支持使用颜色和图片做分割线，效果图如下：

Android RecyclerView 详解(1)---线性布局

1. MainActivity

package com.cjl.recycleviewtest;
...
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

private VerticalFragment mVerticalFragment;
private HorizontalFragment mHorizontalFragment;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
//垂直
        mVerticalFragment = new VerticalFragment();
//水平
        mHorizontalFragment = new HorizontalFragment();
//默认为设置垂直
        getFragmentManager().beginTransaction().replace(R.id.activity_main, mVerticalFragment).commit();
    }

@Override
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
        MenuInflater inflater = getMenuInflater();
        inflater.inflate(R.menu.menu_recycleview, menu);
return super.onCreateOptionsMenu(menu);
    }

@Override
public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
int id = item.getItemId();
switch (id) {
//垂直方向
case R.id.vertical:
                VerticalFragment mVerticalFragment = new VerticalFragment();
                getFragmentManager().beginTransaction().replace(R.id.activity_main, mVerticalFragment).commit();
break;
//水平方向
case R.id.horizontal:
    getFragmentManager().beginTransaction().replace(R.id.activity_main, mHorizontalFragment).commit();
break;
        }
return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
    }
}

MainActivity布局文件 R.layout.activity_main

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<FrameLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:id="@+id/activity_main"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
</FrameLayout>

2. 垂直方向上 VerticalFragment

public class VerticalFragment extends Fragment implements View.OnClickListener{

private RecyclerView mRecycleViewDrawable;
private RecyclerView mRecycleViewColor;
private LinearLayoutManager mManagerColor;
private LinearLayoutManager mManagerDrawable;
private List<String> mData;
private Button mDrawable;
private Button mColor;
private MyRecycleViewAdapter mRecycleViewAdapter;

@Nullable
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_vertical_layout, container, false);
        mRecycleViewDrawable = (RecyclerView) view.findViewById(R.id.recycleview_drawable);
        mRecycleViewColor = (RecyclerView) view.findViewById(R.id.recycleview_color);

        mDrawable = (Button) view.findViewById(R.id.btn_drawable);
        mDrawable.setOnClickListener(this);
        mColor = (Button) view.findViewById(R.id.btn_color);
        mColor.setOnClickListener(this);
//1. 颜色分割线
        mManagerColor = new LinearLayoutManager(getActivity());
        mManagerColor.setOrientation(LinearLayoutManager.VERTICAL);
        mRecycleViewColor.setLayoutManager(mManagerColor);
//设置颜色分割线
        mRecycleViewColor.addItemDecoration(new LinearDivider(getActivity(), LinearLayoutManager.VERTICAL, 10, this.getResources().getColor(R.color.colorAccent)));

//2. 图片分割线
        mManagerDrawable = new LinearLayoutManager(getActivity());
        mManagerDrawable.setOrientation(LinearLayoutManager.VERTICAL);
        mRecycleViewDrawable.setLayoutManager(mManagerDrawable);
//设置图片分割线
        Drawable drawable = ContextCompat.getDrawable(getActivity(), R.mipmap.divider);
        mRecycleViewDrawable.addItemDecoration(new LinearDivider(getActivity(), LinearLayoutManager.VERTICAL, 20, drawable));

        mData = new ArrayList<String>();
        initData(mData);
//自定义adapter
        mRecycleViewAdapter = new MyRecycleViewAdapter(getActivity(), R.layout.item_vertical_recycleview, mData);
//设置adapter
        mRecycleViewColor.setAdapter(mRecycleViewAdapter);
        mRecycleViewDrawable.setAdapter(mRecycleViewAdapter);
return view;
    }

private void initData(List<String> dataList) {
for (int i = 0; i < 30; i++) {
            dataList.add("item" + i);
        }
    }

@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
int id = view.getId();
switch (id){
case R.id.btn_drawable:
                mRecycleViewColor.setVisibility(View.INVISIBLE);
                mRecycleViewDrawable.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
break;

case R.id.btn_color:
                mRecycleViewColor.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
                mRecycleViewDrawable.setVisibility(View.INVISIBLE);
break;
        }
    }
}

VerticalFragment 的布局文件 R.layout.fragment_vertical_layout

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">

<android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView
 android:id="@+id/recycleview_drawable"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_marginBottom="60dp"/>

<android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView
 android:id="@+id/recycleview_color"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_marginBottom="60dp"
android:visibility="invisible"/>

<LinearLayout
 android:id="@+id/lilayout"
android:orientation="horizontal"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:weightSum="2"
android:layout_alignParentBottom="true">

<Button
 android:id="@+id/btn_drawable"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="50dp"
android:text="图片分割线"
android:gravity="center"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:background="@color/colorPrimary"/>

<Button
 android:id="@+id/btn_color"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="50dp"
android:text="颜色分割线"
android:gravity="center"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:background="@color/mytv"/>
</LinearLayout>
</RelativeLayout>

3. 直接继承RecyclerView.Adapter

public class MyRecycleViewAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<MyRecycleViewAdapter.MyViewHolder> {

private LayoutInflater mLayoutInflater;
private List<String> mDataList;
private int mItemLayout;

public MyRecycleViewAdapter(Context context, int itemLayout, List<String> datalist) {
        mLayoutInflater = LayoutInflater.from(context);
        mItemLayout = itemLayout;
        mDataList = datalist;
    }

@Override
public MyRecycleViewAdapter.MyViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {
return new MyViewHolder(mLayoutInflater.inflate(mItemLayout, parent, false));
    }

@Override
public void onBindViewHolder(MyRecycleViewAdapter.MyViewHolder holder, int position) {
        holder.mTextView.setText(mDataList.get(position));
    }

@Override
public int getItemCount() {
return mDataList.size();
    }

    class MyViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder {

private TextView mTextView;
public MyViewHolder(View itemView) {
super(itemView);
            mTextView = (TextView) itemView.findViewById(R.id.tv);
        }
    }
}

item布局文件 item_vertical_recycleview.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<FrameLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content">

<TextView
 android:id="@+id/tv"
android:gravity="center"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="60dp"/>

</FrameLayout>

4. 分割线 RecyclerView.ItemDecoration

public class LinearDivider extends RecyclerView.ItemDecoration {

private Drawable mDividerDarwable;
private int mOrientation;
private int mDividerHight = 1;
private Paint mColorPaint;

public final int[] ATRRS = new int[]{
            android.R.attr.listDivider
    };

/*
 orientation 方向
 */
public LinearDivider(Context context, int orientation) {
final TypedArray ta = context.obtainStyledAttributes(ATRRS);
this.mDividerDarwable = ta.getDrawable(0);
        ta.recycle();
        setOrientation(orientation);
    }

/*
 int orientation 方向
 int dividerHight 分割线的线宽
 Drawable dividerDrawable 充当分割线的图片
 */
public LinearDivider(Context context, int orientation, int dividerHight, Drawable dividerDrawable) {
this(context, orientation);
        mDividerHight = dividerHight;
        mDividerDarwable = dividerDrawable;
    }

/*
 int orientation 方向
 int dividerHight 分割线的线宽
 int dividerColor 分割线的颜色
 */
public LinearDivider(Context context, int orientation, int dividerHight, int dividerColor) {
this(context, orientation);
        mDividerHight = dividerHight;
        mColorPaint = new Paint();
        mColorPaint.setColor(dividerColor);
    }

public void setOrientation(int orientation) {
if (orientation != LinearLayoutManager.HORIZONTAL && orientation != LinearLayoutManager.VERTICAL) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("方向参数错误！");
        }
        mOrientation = orientation;
    }

@Override
public void onDraw(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent, RecyclerView.State state) {
super.onDraw(c, parent, state);
if (mOrientation == LinearLayoutManager.HORIZONTAL) {
            drawHorizontalDivider(c, parent);
        } else {
            drawVirticalDivider(c, parent);
        }
    }

//画垂直分割线
public void drawVirticalDivider(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent) {
int left = parent.getPaddingLeft();
int right = parent.getWidth() - parent.getPaddingRight();
final int childCount = parent.getChildCount();
for (int i = 0; i < childCount; i++) {
final View child = parent.getChildAt(i);
final RecyclerView.LayoutParams params = (RecyclerView.LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
final int top = child.getBottom() + params.bottomMargin;
final int bottom = top + mDividerHight;
if (mDividerDarwable != null) {
                mDividerDarwable.setBounds(left, top, right, bottom);
                mDividerDarwable.draw(c);
            }
if (mColorPaint != null) {
                c.drawRect(left, top, right, bottom, mColorPaint);
            }
        }
    }

//画水平分割线
public void drawHorizontalDivider(Canvas c, RecyclerView parent) {
int top = parent.getPaddingTop();
int bottom = parent.getHeight() - parent.getPaddingBottom();
final int childCount = parent.getChildCount();
for (int i = 0; i < childCount; i++) {
final View child = parent.getChildAt(i);
            RecyclerView.LayoutParams params = (RecyclerView.LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
final int left = child.getRight() + params.rightMargin;
final int right = left + mDividerHight;
if (mDividerDarwable != null) {
                mDividerDarwable.setBounds(left, top, right, bottom);
                mDividerDarwable.draw(c);
            }
if (mColorPaint != null) {
                c.drawRect(left, top, right, bottom, mColorPaint);
            }
        }
    }

@Override
public void getItemOffsets(Rect outRect, View view, RecyclerView parent, RecyclerView.State state) {
super.getItemOffsets(outRect, view, parent, state);
if (mOrientation == LinearLayoutManager.HORIZONTAL) {
            outRect.set(0, 0, 0, mDividerHight);
        } else {
            outRect.set(0, 0, mDividerHight, 0);
        }
    }
}

未完待续……

秒客网

Android RecyclerView 详解(1)---线性布局

RecycleView主要包括以下几个部件：

1. RecyclerView.Adapter

2. ViewHolder

3. 分割线 RecycleView.ItemDecoration

4. 布局管理器 LayoutManager

RecycleView使用时和ListView很类似，直接看一个简单的例子，分别展示一个垂直方向和水平方向上的列表，并且都支持使用颜色和图片做分割线，效果图如下：

1. MainActivity

MainActivity布局文件 R.layout.activity_main

2. 垂直方向上 VerticalFragment

VerticalFragment 的布局文件 R.layout.fragment_vertical_layout

3. 直接继承RecyclerView.Adapter

item布局文件 item_vertical_recycleview.xml

4. 分割线 RecyclerView.ItemDecoration

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