先熟悉一下基本语法(运行环境是装git的时候一起装的那个windows下的bash):
#!/bin/bash # 实现两个函数
# appendToFile()追加一行到文件
# readFile()把文件中所有内容逐行写到控制台 echo "welcome to bash!"
echo 'welcome to bash!'
printf '%-5s %-10s %-4s\n' No Name Mark
printf '%-5s %-10s %-4.2f\n' Jack 20.012
# welcome to bash!
# welcome to bash!
# No Name Mark
# Jack 20.01 v='sads'
# v2 = 'dasdas'
# => v2: command not found(这是是一个错误示范)
echo v2 # => v2
echo $v # => sads
echo ${v} # => sads
echo 'hello, $v and ${v}' # => hello, $v and ${v}
echo "hello, $v and ${v}" # => hello, sads and sads echo ${#v} # => (字符串长度) let digit1=
let digit2=
let result=digit1+digit2
echo $result # => # echo "4 * 0.5" | bc echo "重定向到文本" > text.txt
echo "追加到目标文件" >> text.txt
# $ cat text.txt
# 重定向到文本
# 追加到目标文件 array[]='daasd'
array[]='asassd'
echo ${array[]} # => daasd
echo ${array[*]} # => daasd asassd
echo ${!array[*]} # => # $ sh -v linux.sh
# $ sh -x linux.sh 进行调试打印
function f() {
echo '接下来是f的输出:'
echo $
echo $
echo $@
echo $*
}
f 'hello' # 调用函数
# 接下来是f的输出:
#
# hello
# hello
# hello
FILENAME=student
appendToFile() {
# arg1: filename, arg2: content
echo $ >> $FILENAME
}
appendToFile "小张 25 未婚" readFile() {
while read LINE
do
echo $LINE
done < $FILENAME
}
echo 'invoke readFile:'
readFile
# invoke readFile:
# 小张 未婚
# 小张 未婚
再结合百度完成低配版的学生管理系统:
#!/bin/bash # 构造三个类似数据库的文本文件:
# 第一个为学院信息文件,包含字段:
# 学院编号(唯一),学院名称
# 第二个为学生信息文件,包含字段:
# 学号(唯一),学生姓名,所在学院编号,说明(休学suspended,退学dropout)
# 第三个为学生成绩文件,包含字段:
# 学号(唯一),学生姓名,科目名称,成绩;说明(期考final,补考makeup)
# 说明:每个记录占一行;分隔符可以自己选定,建议用”,”; 编码规则自己定;文件名自己定
# 程序功能:要求实现4个功能,每个功能作为一个函数
# 1.向文件中插入记录
# 2.显示文件中的每条记录的每个字段值
# 3.从文件中修改指定学号的记录
# 4.对学生成绩进行统计(包括每个学生总成绩;每个学科前3名和总成绩前5名统计) newFile() {
# arg1: filename
# 例子:newFile temp
touch :>$
} saveRecord() {
# arg1: filename, arg2: content
# 例子:saveRecord temp "小张 25 未婚"
echo $ >> $
} initTables() {
# 数据库文件初始化
# academy "academy_id,academy_name"
# student "stu_id,stu_name,academy_id,stu_description"
# subject "stu_id,stu_name,subject_name,score,subject_description"
newFile academy
newFile student
newFile subject
} updateStudentById() {
# arg1: 学号, arg2:新的记录
# 例子:updateStudentById '' '2132022129,李四,001,dropout'
oldStr=`grep $ student` # 把grep的执行结果赋给oldStr
newStr=$
sed -i "s/${oldStr}/${newStr}/" student
} echoTitle() {
echo '-------------------------------------------------------'
echo $
echo '-------------------------------------------------------'
} endl() {
echo -e '\n'
} listRecords() {
# arg1: data_filename
while read LINE
do
echo $LINE
done < $
} initRecords() {
# 学院信息
saveRecord academy "001,挪威阿克苏而达学院"
saveRecord academy "002,哈尔滨佛学院(简称哈佛)"
# 学生信息
saveRecord student "2132022129,张三,001,dropout"
saveRecord student "2132022139,李四,002,dropout"
saveRecord student "2132022149,王五,001,dropout"
saveRecord student "2132022159,老王,002,dropout"
saveRecord student "2132022119,张飞,001,suspended"
saveRecord student "2132022109,刘备,001,suspended"
saveRecord student "2132022179,关羽,002,suspended"
# linux成绩
saveRecord subject "2132022129,张三,linux,0,makeup"
saveRecord subject "2132022139,李四,linux,13.5,makeup"
saveRecord subject "2132022149,王五,linux,23.5,makeup"
saveRecord subject "2132022119,张飞,linux,99.5,makeup"
saveRecord subject "2132022109,刘备,linux,0,makeup"
saveRecord subject "2132022179,关羽,linux,100,final"
saveRecord subject "2132022159,老王,linux,43.5,makeup"
# math成绩
saveRecord subject "2132022129,张三,math,10,final"
saveRecord subject "2132022139,李四,math,23.5,final"
saveRecord subject "2132022149,王五,math,33.5,final"
saveRecord subject "2132022119,张飞,math,89.5,final"
saveRecord subject "2132022109,刘备,math,55,final"
saveRecord subject "2132022179,关羽,math,50,final"
saveRecord subject "2132022159,老王,math,93.5,final"
} totalScore() {
# arg1: 学号
# 打印某个学生的学号,姓名,总成绩
echo `awk -v stuId=$ -F, 'BEGIN{total=0} {if($1==stuId){total+=$4;name=$2}} END{print stuId,name,total}' OFS="," subject`
} subjectScore() {
# arg1: 学号, arg2: 科目名
# 打印某个学生的学号,姓名,单科成绩
pattern="^$1.*$2"
record=`grep -E $pattern subject`
echo $record
} sortByColumn() {
# arg1: 按第几列排,arg2: 需要排名的文件
sort -nrk $ -t, $
} topStudent() {
# 打印成绩排名,默认打印总成绩排名
# arg1: 科目名
newFile topStudent
if [ ! -n "$1" ] ;then
while read LINE
do
stuId=${LINE%%,*}
saveRecord topStudent `totalScore $stuId`
done < student echoTitle '**总成绩排名'
sortByColumn topStudent; endl
else
while read LINE
do
stuId=${LINE%%,*}
saveRecord topStudent `subjectScore $stuId $`
done < student echoTitle "**单科成绩排名>>>>$1<<<"
sortByColumn topStudent; endl
fi
} main() {
initTables
initRecords echoTitle '1、学院表一览'
listRecords academy; endl
echoTitle '2、学生表一览'
listRecords student; endl
echoTitle '3、成绩表一览'
listRecords subject; endl updateStudentById '' '2132022129,张三,002,dropout'
echoTitle '**学生表一览(更新2132022129后)'
listRecords student; endl topStudent
topStudent 'linux'
topStudent 'math'
} main