JDK动态代理
JDK动态代理核心是两个类:InvocationHandler和Proxy
举个栗子
为便于理解,首先看一个例子:
希望实现这样一个功能:使用UserService时,只需关注自己的核心业务逻辑的实现,对于日志功能的打印,由系统的公共服务完成。
首先定义一个业务类的接口:UserService.java
package com.proxy;
/**
* @author: create by lengzefu
* @description: com.proxy
* @date:2020-09-15
*/
public interface UserService {
void login();
}
实现该接口:
package com.proxy;
/**
* @author: create by lengzefu
* @description: com.proxy
* @date:2020-09-15
*/
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
@Override
public void login() {
System.out.println("用户登录...");
}
}
定义一个InvocationHandler实现类,该实现类有我们想要添加的公共日志
package com.proxy;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.Date;
/**
* @author: create by lengzefu
* @description: com.proxy
* @date:2020-09-15
*/
public class LogHandler implements InvocationHandler {
// 被代理的对象,这里指的是UserServiceImpl对象
Object target;
// 构造函数,将被代理对象传进来
public LogHandler(Object target) {
this.target = target;
}
@Override
public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
before();
Object result = method.invoke(args);
after();
return result;
}
private void before() {
System.out.println("方法调用开始时间:" + new Date());
}
private void after() {
System.out.println("方法调用结束时间:" + new Date());
}
}
接下来看看如何在客户端中调用
/**
* @Classname Client
* @Date 2020/9/12 2:40
* @Autor lengxuezhang
*/
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 设置变量可以保存动态代理类,默认名称以 $Proxy0 格式命名
// System.getProperties().put("sun.misc.ProxyGenerator.saveGeneratedFiles", "true");
// 1. 创建被代理的对象,UserService接口的实现类
UserService userService = new UserServiceImpl();
// 2. 获取对应的 ClassLoader
ClassLoader classLoader = userService.getClass().getClassLoader();
// 3. 获取所有接口的Class,这里的UserServiceImpl只实现了一个接口UserService
Class[] interfaces = userService.getClass().getInterfaces();
// 4. 创建一个将传给代理类的调用请求处理器,处理所有的代理对象上的方法调用
// 这里创建的是一个自定义的日志处理器,须传入实际的执行对象 userServiceImpl
InvocationHandler logHandler = new LogHandler(userService);
/*
5.根据上面提供的信息,创建代理对象 在这个过程中,
a.JDK会通过根据传入的参数信息动态地在内存中创建和.class 文件等同的字节码
b.然后根据相应的字节码转换成对应的class,
c.然后调用newInstance()创建代理实例
*/
UserService proxy = (UserService) Proxy.newProxyInstance(classLoader, interfaces, logHandler);
// 调用代理的方法
proxy.login();
// 保存JDK动态代理生成的代理类,类名保存为 UserServiceProxy
//ProxyUtils.generateClassFile(userServiceImpl.getClass(), "UserServiceProxy");
}
}
开始一步步分析源码
源码分析
1.Proxy.newProxyInstance( ClassLoader loader, Class[] interfaces, InvocationHandler h)
Proxy.newProxyInstance( ClassLoader loader, Class[] interfaces, InvocationHandler h)产生了代理对象,首先分析下方法的三个参数
- ClassLoader loader:类加载器,类加载器用于加载代理类。这里经过测试发现不论是传userService的类加载器,还是logHandler的类加载器,得到的结果都是一样。
- Class[] interfaces:被代理类实现的接口集合。有了它,代理类就可以实现被代理类的所有接口。
- InvocationHandler h:handler对象,不能为null。
接下来看一下方法的具体实现:
public static Object newProxyInstance(ClassLoader loader,
Class<?>[] interfaces,
InvocationHandler h)
throws IllegalArgumentException
{
//检验handler对象不能为空
Objects.requireNonNull(h);
//接口的类对象拷贝一份(接口也是一个对象,是一个类名为Class的对象)
final Class<?>[] intfs = interfaces.clone();
//安全检查,不是重点
final SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
if (sm != null) {
checkProxyAccess(Reflection.getCallerClass(), loader, intfs);
}
/*
* Look up or generate the designated proxy class.
* 查询(在缓存中已经有)或生成指定的代理类的class对象。
*/
Class<?> cl = getProxyClass0(loader, intfs);
/*
* Invoke its constructor with the designated invocation handler.
* 用指定的调用处理程序(什么程序?)调用其(谁的?)构造函数
*/
try {
if (sm != null) {
checkNewProxyPermission(Reflection.getCallerClass(), cl);
}
//返回constructorParams的公共构造函数
//参数constructorParames为常量值:private static final Class<?>[] constructorParams = { InvocationHandler.class };
final Constructor<?> cons = cl.getConstructor(constructorParams);
final InvocationHandler ih = h;
if (!Modifier.isPublic(cl.getModifiers())) {
AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Void>() {
public Void run() {
cons.setAccessible(true);
return null;
}
});
}
//这里生成了代理对象,关于这里的详解:https://www.cnblogs.com/ferryman/p/12089210.html
return cons.newInstance(new Object[]{h});
} catch (IllegalAccessException|InstantiationException e) {
throw new InternalError(e.toString(), e);
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
Throwable t = e.getCause();
if (t instanceof RuntimeException) {
throw (RuntimeException) t;
} else {
throw new InternalError(t.toString(), t);
}
} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
throw new InternalError(e.toString(), e);
}
}
这段代码核心就是通过getProxyClass0(loader, intfs)得到代理类的Class对象,然后通过Class对象得到构造方法,进而创建代理对象。下一步看getProxyClass0这个方法。
2.getProxyClass0
//此方法也是Proxy类下的方法
private static Class<?> getProxyClass0(ClassLoader loader,
Class<?>... interfaces) {
if (interfaces.length > 65535) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("interface limit exceeded");
}
// If the proxy class defined by the given loader implementing
// the given interfaces exists, this will simply return the cached copy;
// otherwise, it will create the proxy class via the ProxyClassFactory
//意思是:如果代理类被指定的类加载器loader定义了,并实现了给定的接口interfaces,
//那么就返回缓存的代理类对象,否则使用ProxyClassFactory创建代理类。
return proxyClassCache.get(loader, interfaces);
}
3. proxyClassCache.get
这里看到proxyClassCache,有Cache便知道是缓存的意思,正好呼应了前面Look up or generate the designated proxy class。查询(在缓存中已经有)或生成指定的代理类的class对象这段注释。
proxyClassCache是个WeakCache类的对象,调用proxyClassCache.get(loader, interfaces); 可以得到缓存的代理类或创建代理类(没有缓存的情况)。先看下WeakCache类的定义(这里先只给出变量的定义和构造函数):
//K代表key的类型,P代表参数的类型,V代表value的类型。
// WeakCache<ClassLoader, Class<?>[], Class<?>> proxyClassCache 说明proxyClassCache存的值是Class<?>对象,正是我们需要的代理类对象。
final class WeakCache<K, P, V> {
private final ReferenceQueue<K> refQueue
= new ReferenceQueue<>();
// the key type is Object for supporting null key
private final ConcurrentMap<Object, ConcurrentMap<Object, Supplier<V>>> map
= new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
private final ConcurrentMap<Supplier<V>, Boolean> reverseMap
= new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
private final BiFunction<K, P, ?> subKeyFactory;
private final BiFunction<K, P, V> valueFactory;
public WeakCache(BiFunction<K, P, ?> subKeyFactory,
BiFunction<K, P, V> valueFactory) {
this.subKeyFactory = Objects.requireNonNull(subKeyFactory);
this.valueFactory = Objects.requireNonNull(valueFactory);
}
其中map变量是实现缓存的核心变量,他是一个双重的Map结构: (key, sub-key) -> value。其中key是传进来的Classloader进行包装后的对象,sub-key是由WeakCache构造函数传入的KeyFactory()生成的。value就是产生代理类的对象,是由WeakCache构造函数传入的ProxyClassFactory()生成的。如下,回顾一下:
private static final WeakCache<ClassLoader, Class<?>[], Class<?>>
proxyClassCache = new WeakCache<>(new KeyFactory(), new ProxyClassFactory());
产生sub-key的KeyFactory代码如下,这个我们不去深究,只要知道他是根据传入的ClassLoader和接口类生成sub-key即可。
private static final class KeyFactory
implements BiFunction<ClassLoader, Class<?>[], Object>
{
@Override
public Object apply(ClassLoader classLoader, Class<?>[] interfaces) {
switch (interfaces.length) {
case 1: return new Key1(interfaces[0]); // the most frequent
case 2: return new Key2(interfaces[0], interfaces[1]);
case 0: return key0;
default: return new KeyX(interfaces);
}
}
}
通过sub-key拿到一个Supplier<Class<?>>对象,然后调用这个对象的get方法,最终得到代理类的Class对象。
好,大体上说完WeakCache这个类的作用,我们回到刚才proxyClassCache.get(loader, interfaces);这句代码。get是WeakCache里的方法。源码如下:
//K和P就是WeakCache定义中的泛型,key是类加载器,parameter是接口类数组
public V get(K key, P parameter) {
//检查parameter不为空
Objects.requireNonNull(parameter);
//清除无效的缓存
expungeStaleEntries();
// cacheKey就是(key, sub-key) -> value里的一级key,
Object cacheKey = CacheKey.valueOf(key, refQueue);
// lazily install the 2nd level valuesMap for the particular cacheKey
//根据一级key得到 ConcurrentMap<Object, Supplier<V>>对象。如果之前不存在,则新建一个ConcurrentMap<Object, Supplier<V>>和cacheKey(一级key)一起放到map中。
ConcurrentMap<Object, Supplier<V>> valuesMap = map.get(cacheKey);
if (valuesMap == null) {
ConcurrentMap<Object, Supplier<V>> oldValuesMap
= map.putIfAbsent(cacheKey,
valuesMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>());
if (oldValuesMap != null) {
valuesMap = oldValuesMap;
}
}
// create subKey and retrieve the possible Supplier<V> stored by that
// subKey from valuesMap
//这部分就是调用生成sub-key的代码,上面我们已经看过怎么生成的了
Object subKey = Objects.requireNonNull(subKeyFactory.apply(key, parameter));
//通过sub-key得到supplier
Supplier<V> supplier = valuesMap.get(subKey);
//supplier实际上就是这个factory
Factory factory = null;
while (true) {
//如果缓存里有supplier ,那就直接通过get方法,得到代理类对象,返回,就结束了,一会儿分析get方法。
if (supplier != null) {
// supplier might be a Factory or a CacheValue<V> instance
V value = supplier.get();
if (value != null) {
return value;
}
}
// else no supplier in cache
// or a supplier that returned null (could be a cleared CacheValue
// or a Factory that wasn't successful in installing the CacheValue)
// lazily construct a Factory
//下面的所有代码目的就是:如果缓存中没有supplier,则创建一个Factory对象,把factory对象在多线程的环境下安全的赋给supplier。
//因为是在while(true)中,赋值成功后又回到上面去调get方法,返回才结束。
if (factory == null) {
factory = new Factory(key, parameter, subKey, valuesMap);
}
// 双重判空,实现线程安全?
if (supplier == null) {
supplier = valuesMap.putIfAbsent(subKey, factory);
if (supplier == null) {
// successfully installed Factory
supplier = factory;
}
// else retry with winning supplier
} else {
if (valuesMap.replace(subKey, supplier, factory)) {
// successfully replaced
// cleared CacheEntry / unsuccessful Factory
// with our Factory
supplier = factory;
} else {
// retry with current supplier
supplier = valuesMap.get(subKey);
}
}
}
}
4.Factory.get
supplier就是factory,所以接下来我们看看Factory类(Factory是WeakCache的内部类)的get方法。
public synchronized V get() { // serialize access
// re-check
Supplier<V> supplier = valuesMap.get(subKey);
/重新检查得到的supplier是不是当前对象
if (supplier != this) {
// something changed while we were waiting:
// might be that we were replaced by a CacheValue
// or were removed because of failure ->
// return null to signal WeakCache.get() to retry
// the loop
return null;
}
// else still us (supplier == this)
// create new value
V value = null;
try {
//代理类就是在这个位置调用valueFactory生成的
//valueFactory就是我们传入的 new ProxyClassFactory()
//一会我们分析ProxyClassFactory()的apply方法
value = Objects.requireNonNull(valueFactory.apply(key, parameter));
} finally {
if (value == null) { // remove us on failure
valuesMap.remove(subKey, this);
}
}
// the only path to reach here is with non-null value
assert value != null;
// wrap value with CacheValue (WeakReference)
//把value包装成弱引用
CacheValue<V> cacheValue = new CacheValue<>(value);
// put into reverseMap
// reverseMap是用来实现缓存的有效性
reverseMap.put(cacheValue, Boolean.TRUE);
// try replacing us with CacheValue (this should always succeed)
if (!valuesMap.replace(subKey, this, cacheValue)) {
throw new AssertionError("Should not reach here");
}
// successfully replaced us with new CacheValue -> return the value
// wrapped by it
return value;
}
}
5.ProxyClassFactory.apply
最后来到ProxyClassFactory的apply方法,代理类就是在这里生成的。
//这里的BiFunction<T, U, R>是个函数式接口,可以理解为用T,U两种类型做参数,得到R类型的返回值
private static final class ProxyClassFactory
implements BiFunction<ClassLoader, Class<?>[], Class<?>>
{
// prefix for all proxy class names
//所有代理类名字的前缀
private static final String proxyClassNamePrefix = "$Proxy";
// next number to use for generation of unique proxy class names
//用于生成代理类名字的计数器
private static final AtomicLong nextUniqueNumber = new AtomicLong();
@Override
public Class<?> apply(ClassLoader loader, Class<?>[] interfaces) {
Map<Class<?>, Boolean> interfaceSet = new IdentityHashMap<>(interfaces.length);
//验证代理接口,可不看
for (Class<?> intf : interfaces) {
/*
* Verify that the class loader resolves the name of this
* interface to the same Class object.
*/
Class<?> interfaceClass = null;
try {
interfaceClass = Class.forName(intf.getName(), false, loader);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
}
if (interfaceClass != intf) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
intf + " is not visible from class loader");
}
/*
* Verify that the Class object actually represents an
* interface.
*/
if (!interfaceClass.isInterface()) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
interfaceClass.getName() + " is not an interface");
}
/*
* Verify that this interface is not a duplicate.
*/
if (interfaceSet.put(interfaceClass, Boolean.TRUE) != null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"repeated interface: " + interfaceClass.getName());
}
}
//生成的代理类的包名
String proxyPkg = null; // package to define proxy class in
//代理类访问控制符: public ,final
int accessFlags = Modifier.PUBLIC | Modifier.FINAL;
/*
* Record the package of a non-public proxy interface so that the
* proxy class will be defined in the same package. Verify that
* all non-public proxy interfaces are in the same package.
*/
//验证所有非公共的接口在同一个包内;公共的就无需处理
//生成包名和类名的逻辑,包名默认是com.sun.proxy,类名默认是$Proxy 加上一个自增的整数值
//如果被代理类是 non-public proxy interface ,则用和被代理类接口一样的包名
for (Class<?> intf : interfaces) {
int flags = intf.getModifiers();
if (!Modifier.isPublic(flags)) {
accessFlags = Modifier.FINAL;
String name = intf.getName();
int n = name.lastIndexOf('.');
String pkg = ((n == -1) ? "" : name.substring(0, n + 1));
if (proxyPkg == null) {
proxyPkg = pkg;
} else if (!pkg.equals(proxyPkg)) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"non-public interfaces from different packages");
}
}
}
if (proxyPkg == null) {
// if no non-public proxy interfaces, use com.sun.proxy package
proxyPkg = ReflectUtil.PROXY_PACKAGE + ".";
}
/*
* Choose a name for the proxy class to generate.
*/
long num = nextUniqueNumber.getAndIncrement();
//代理类的完全限定名,如com.sun.proxy.$Proxy0.calss
String proxyName = proxyPkg + proxyClassNamePrefix + num;
/*
* Generate the specified proxy class.
*/
//核心部分,生成代理类的字节码
byte[] proxyClassFile = ProxyGenerator.generateProxyClass(
proxyName, interfaces, accessFlags);
try {
//把代理类加载到JVM中,至此动态代理过程基本结束了
return defineClass0(loader, proxyName,
proxyClassFile, 0, proxyClassFile.length);
} catch (ClassFormatError e) {
/*
* A ClassFormatError here means that (barring bugs in the
* proxy class generation code) there was some other
* invalid aspect of the arguments supplied to the proxy
* class creation (such as virtual machine limitations
* exceeded).
*/
throw new IllegalArgumentException(e.toString());
}
}
}
6. 字节码文件分析
到这里其实已经分析完了,但是本着深究的态度,决定看看JDK生成的动态代理字节码是什么,于是我们将字节码保存到磁盘上的class文件中。代码如下:
package com.sun.proxy;
import com.leng.proxy.dynamic.UserService;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
import java.lang.reflect.UndeclaredThrowableException;
public final class $Proxy0 extends Proxy implements UserService {
private static Method m1;
private static Method m2;
private static Method m3;
private static Method m0;
// 代理类的构造函数,其参数就是InvovationHandler实例
// Proxy.newInstance方法就是通过这个构造函数来创建代理实例的
public $Proxy0(InvocationHandler var1) throws {
super(var1);
}
// 固定的三个类方法 equals, toString, hashCode
public final boolean equals(Object var1) throws {
try {
return ((Boolean)super.h.invoke(this, m1, new Object[]{var1})).booleanValue();
} catch (RuntimeException | Error var3) {
throw var3;
} catch (Throwable var4) {
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var4);
}
}
public final String toString() throws {
try {
return (String)super.h.invoke(this, m2, (Object[])null);
} catch (RuntimeException | Error var2) {
throw var2;
} catch (Throwable var3) {
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var3);
}
}
//接口代理方法
public final void login() throws {
try {
// invocation handler的invoke方法在这里被调用
super.h.invoke(this, m3, (Object[])null);
} catch (RuntimeException | Error var2) {
throw var2;
} catch (Throwable var3) {
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var3);
}
}
public final int hashCode() throws {
try {
return ((Integer)super.h.invoke(this, m0, (Object[])null)).intValue();
} catch (RuntimeException | Error var2) {
throw var2;
} catch (Throwable var3) {
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(var3);
}
}
static {
try {
m1 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("equals", new Class[]{Class.forName("java.lang.Object")});
m2 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("toString", new Class[0]);
m3 = Class.forName("com.leng.proxy.dynamic.UserService").getMethod("login", new Class[0]);
m0 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("hashCode", new Class[0]);
} catch (NoSuchMethodException var2) {
throw new NoSuchMethodError(var2.getMessage());
} catch (ClassNotFoundException var3) {
throw new NoClassDefFoundError(var3.getMessage());
}
}
}