目录
生鲜超市(十) 生鲜超市(十一) 生鲜超市(十二) 生鲜超市(十三)
代码下载
教程
学习自慕课网-前端vue结合后端DjangoFramework的在线生鲜超市
七、用户登录与手机注册
7.1.drf的token
(1)INSTALL_APP中添加
INSTALLED_APPS = (
...
'rest_framework.authtoken'
)
token会生成一张表authtoken_token,所以要运行migrations和migrate
(2)url配置
from rest_framework.authtoken import views urlpatterns = [
# token
path('api-token-auth/', views.obtain_auth_token)
]
(3)postman发送数据
token值会保存到数据中,跟这个用户相关联
(4)客户端身份验证
对于客户端进行身份验证,令牌密钥应包含在 Authorization
HTTP header 中。关键字应以字符串文字 “Token” 为前缀,用空格分隔两个字符串。例如:
Authorization: Token 9944b09199c62bcf9418ad846dd0e4bbdfc6ee4b
注意: 如果您想在 header 中使用不同的关键字(例如 Bearer
),只需子类化 TokenAuthentication
并设置 keyword
类变量。
如果成功通过身份验证,TokenAuthentication
将提供以下凭据。
-
request.user
是一个 DjangoUser
实例. -
request.auth
是一个rest_framework.authtoken.models.Token
实例.
未经身份验证的响应被拒绝将导致 HTTP 401 Unauthorized
的响应和相应的 WWW-Authenticate header。例如:
WWW-Authenticate: Token
要想获取request.user和request.auth还要在settings中添加
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
'DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES': (
'rest_framework.authentication.BasicAuthentication',
'rest_framework.authentication.SessionAuthentication',
'rest_framework.authentication.TokenAuthentication'
)
}
drf的token缺点
- 保存在数据库中,如果是一个分布式的系统,就非常麻烦
- token永久有效,没有过期时间。
7.2.json web token方式完成用户认证
使用方法:http://getblimp.github.io/django-rest-framework-jwt/
(1)安装
pip install djangorestframework-jwt
(2)使用
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
'DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES': (
'rest_framework.authentication.BasicAuthentication',
'rest_framework.authentication.SessionAuthentication',
'rest_framework_jwt.authentication.JSONWebTokenAuthentication',
)
}
(3)url
# jwt的token认证接口
path('jwt-auth/', obtain_jwt_token )
(4)postman
post形式:http://127.0.0.1:8000/jwt-auth/
Now in order to access protected api urls you must include the Authorization: JWT <your_token>
header.
$ curl -H "Authorization: JWT <your_token>" http://localhost:8000/protected-url/
7.3.vue和jwt接口调试
vue中登录接口是login
//登录
export const login = params => {
return axios.post(`${local_host}/login/`, params)
}
后台的接口跟前端要一致
urlpatterns = [
# jwt的认证接口
path('login/', obtain_jwt_token )
]
现在就可以登录了
jwt接口它默认采用的是用户名和密码登录验证,如果用手机登录的话,就会验证失败,所以我们需要自定义一个用户验证
自定义用户认证
(1)settings中配置
AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS = (
'users.views.CustomBackend', )
(2)users/views.py
# users.views.py from django.contrib.auth.backends import ModelBackend
from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
from django.db.models import Q User = get_user_model() class CustomBackend(ModelBackend):
"""
自定义用户验证
"""
def authenticate(self, username=None, password=None, **kwargs):
try:
#用户名和手机都能登录
user = User.objects.get(
Q(username=username) | Q(mobile=username))
if user.check_password(password):
return user
except Exception as e:
return None
(3)JWT有效时间设置
settings中配置
import datetime
#有效期限
JWT_AUTH = {
'JWT_EXPIRATION_DELTA': datetime.timedelta(days=7), #也可以设置seconds=20
'JWT_AUTH_HEADER_PREFIX': 'JWT', #JWT跟前端保持一致,比如“token”这里设置成JWT
}
7.4.云片网发送短信验证码
(1)注册
“开发认证”-->>“签名管理”-->>“模板管理”
还要添加iP白名单,测试就用本地ip,部署的时候一定要换成服务器的ip
(2)发送验证码
apps下新建utils文件夹。再新建yunpian.py,代码如下:
# apps/utils/yunpian.py import requests
import json class YunPian(object): def __init__(self, api_key):
self.api_key = api_key
self.single_send_url = "https://sms.yunpian.com/v2/sms/single_send.json" def send_sms(self, code, mobile):
#需要传递的参数
parmas = {
"apikey": self.api_key,
"mobile": mobile,
"text": "【慕雪生鲜超市】您的验证码是{code}。如非本人操作,请忽略本短信".format(code=code)
} response = requests.post(self.single_send_url, data=parmas)
re_dict = json.loads(response.text)
return re_dict if __name__ == "__main__":
#例如:9b11127a9701975c734b8aee81ee3526
yun_pian = YunPian("2e87d1xxxxxx7d4bxxxx1608f7c6da23exxxxx2")
yun_pian.send_sms("", "手机号码")
7.5.drf实现发送短信验证码接口
手机号验证:
- 是否合法
- 是否已经注册
(1)settings.py
# 手机号码正则表达式
REGEX_MOBILE = "^1[358]\d{9}$|^147\d{8}$|^176\d{8}$"
(2)users下新建serializers.py,代码如下:
# users/serializers.py import re
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
from MxShop.settings import REGEX_MOBILE
from users.models import VerifyCode
from rest_framework import serializers
from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
User = get_user_model() class SmsSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
mobile = serializers.CharField(max_length=11) #函数名必须:validate + 验证字段名
def validate_mobile(self, mobile):
"""
手机号码验证
"""
# 是否已经注册
if User.objects.filter(mobile=mobile).count():
raise serializers.ValidationError("用户已经存在") # 是否合法
if not re.match(REGEX_MOBILE, mobile):
raise serializers.ValidationError("手机号码非法") # 验证码发送频率
#60s内只能发送一次
one_mintes_ago = datetime.now() - timedelta(hours=0, minutes=1, seconds=0)
if VerifyCode.objects.filter(add_time__gt=one_mintes_ago, mobile=mobile).count():
raise serializers.ValidationError("距离上一次发送未超过60s") return mobile
(3)APIKEY加到settings里面
#云片网APIKEY
APIKEY = "xxxxx327d4be01608xxxxxxxxxx"
(4)views后台逻辑
我们要重写CreateModelMixin的create方法,下面是源码:
class CreateModelMixin(object):
"""
Create a model instance.
"""
def create(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
serializer = self.get_serializer(data=request.data)
serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
self.perform_create(serializer)
headers = self.get_success_headers(serializer.data)
return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED, headers=headers) def perform_create(self, serializer):
serializer.save() def get_success_headers(self, data):
try:
return {'Location': str(data[api_settings.URL_FIELD_NAME])}
except (TypeError, KeyError):
return {}
需要加上自己的逻辑
users/views.py
from rest_framework.mixins import CreateModelMixin
from rest_framework import viewsets
from .serializers import SmsSerializer
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework import status
from utils.yunpian import YunPian
from MxShop.settings import APIKEY
from random import choice
from .models import VerifyCode class SmsCodeViewset(CreateModelMixin,viewsets.GenericViewSet):
'''
手机验证码
'''
serializer_class = SmsSerializer def generate_code(self):
"""
生成四位数字的验证码
"""
seeds = ""
random_str = []
for i in range(4):
random_str.append(choice(seeds)) return "".join(random_str) def create(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
serializer = self.get_serializer(data=request.data)
#验证合法
serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True) mobile = serializer.validated_data["mobile"] yun_pian = YunPian(APIKEY)
#生成验证码
code = self.generate_code() sms_status = yun_pian.send_sms(code=code, mobile=mobile) if sms_status["code"] != 0:
return Response({
"mobile": sms_status["msg"]
}, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)
else:
code_record = VerifyCode(code=code, mobile=mobile)
code_record.save()
return Response({
"mobile": mobile
}, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
云片网单条短信发送的使用说明:
(5)配置url
from users.views import SmsCodeViewset # 配置codes的url
router.register(r'code', SmsCodeViewset, base_name="code")
开始验证
输入不合法的手机号
输入合法的手机号
会返回输入的手机号码,并受到短信验证码
7.6.user serializer 和validator验证
完成注册的接口
用户注册需要填写手机号,验证码和密码,相当于create model操作,所以继承CreateModelMixin
(1)修改UserProfile中mobile字段
mobile = models.CharField("电话",max_length=11,null=True, blank=True)
设置允许为空,因为前端只有一个值,是username,所以mobile可以为空
(2)users/serializers.py
代码里面我都写好了注释,就不再重复解释了
class UserRegSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
'''
用户注册
'''
#UserProfile中没有code字段,这里需要自定义一个code序列化字段
code = serializers.CharField(required=True, write_only=True, max_length=4, min_length=4,
error_messages={
"blank": "请输入验证码",
"required": "请输入验证码",
"max_length": "验证码格式错误",
"min_length": "验证码格式错误"
},
help_text="验证码")
#验证用户名是否存在
username = serializers.CharField(label="用户名", help_text="用户名", required=True, allow_blank=False,
validators=[UniqueValidator(queryset=User.objects.all(), message="用户已经存在")]) #验证code
def validate_code(self, code):
# 用户注册,已post方式提交注册信息,post的数据都保存在initial_data里面
#username就是用户注册的手机号,验证码按添加时间倒序排序,为了后面验证过期,错误等
verify_records = VerifyCode.objects.filter(mobile=self.initial_data["username"]).order_by("-add_time") if verify_records:
# 最近的一个验证码
last_record = verify_records[0]
# 有效期为五分钟。
five_mintes_ago = datetime.now() - timedelta(hours=0, minutes=5, seconds=0)
if five_mintes_ago > last_record.add_time:
raise serializers.ValidationError("验证码过期") if last_record.code != code:
raise serializers.ValidationError("验证码错误") else:
raise serializers.ValidationError("验证码错误") # 所有字段。attrs是字段验证合法之后返回的总的dict
def validate(self, attrs):
#前端没有传mobile值到后端,这里添加进来
attrs["mobile"] = attrs["username"]
#code是自己添加得,数据库中并没有这个字段,验证完就删除掉
del attrs["code"]
return attrs class Meta:
model = User
fields = ('username','code','mobile')
(3)users/views.py
class UserViewset(CreateModelMixin,viewsets.GenericViewSet):
'''
用户
'''
serializer_class = UserRegSerializer
(4)配置url
router.register(r'users', UserViewset, base_name="users")
测试代码:
- 输入已经存在的用户名
- 不输入验证码
7.7.django信号量实现用户密码修改
(1)完善用户注册
添加一条用户短信验证码数据之后进行验证。
user/views.py
class UserViewset(CreateModelMixin,viewsets.GenericViewSet):
'''
用户
'''
serializer_class = UserRegSerializer
queryset = User.objects.all()
user/serializer.py添加
fields = ('username','code','mobile','password')
(2)password不能明文显示和加密保存
需要重载Create方法
#输入密码的时候不显示明文
password = serializers.CharField(
style={'input_type': 'password'},label=True,write_only=True
) #密码加密保存
def create(self, validated_data):
user = super(UserRegSerializer, self).create(validated_data=validated_data)
user.set_password(validated_data["password"])
user.save()
return user
这是重载Create方法,下面介绍如何用信号量来实现
信号量
(1)users下面创建signals.py
# users/signals.py from django.db.models.signals import post_save
from django.dispatch import receiver
from rest_framework.authtoken.models import Token from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
User = get_user_model() # post_save:接收信号的方式
#sender: 接收信号的model
@receiver(post_save, sender=User)
def create_user(sender, instance=None, created=False, **kwargs):
# 是否新建,因为update的时候也会进行post_save
if created:
password = instance.password
#instance相当于user
instance.set_password(password)
instance.save()
(2)还需要重载配置
users/apps.py
# users/apps.py from django.apps import AppConfig class UsersConfig(AppConfig):
name = 'users'
verbose_name = "用户管理" def ready(self):
import users.signals
AppConfig自定义的函数,会在django启动时被运行
现在添加用户的时候,密码就会自动加密存储了
7.8.vue和注册功能联调
生成token的两个重要步骤,一是payload,二是encode
users/views.py
class UserViewset(CreateModelMixin,viewsets.GenericViewSet):
'''
用户
'''
serializer_class = UserRegSerializer
queryset = User.objects.all() def create(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
serializer = self.get_serializer(data=request.data)
serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
user = self.perform_create(serializer)
re_dict = serializer.data
payload = jwt_payload_handler(user)
re_dict["token"] = jwt_encode_handler(payload)
re_dict["name"] = user.name if user.name else user.username headers = self.get_success_headers(serializer.data) return Response(re_dict, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED, headers=headers) def perform_create(self, serializer):
return serializer.save()
接口写好后,接下来测试
输入合法的手机号,会发送验证码到手机上,然后输入验证码和密码,登录成功