Linux Shell脚本经典案例

时间:2023-01-25 04:25:31

   开头加解释器:#!/bin/bash
    语法缩进,使用四个空格;多加注释说明。
    命名建议规则:变量名大写、局部变量小写,函数名小写,名字体现出实际作用。
    默认变量是全局的,在函数中变量local指定为局部变量,避免污染其他作用域。
    有两个命令能帮助我调试脚本:set -e 遇到执行非0时退出脚本,set-x 打印执行过程。
    写脚本一定先测试再到生产上。

1、获取随机字符串或数字
获取随机8位字符串:

方法1:
 echo $RANDOM |md5sum |cut -c 1-8

471b94f2

方法2:
 openssl rand -base64 4

vg3BEg==

方法3:
 cat /proc/sys/kernel/random/uuid |cut -c 1-8

ed9e032c
获取随机8位数字:

方法1:
 echo $RANDOM |cksum |cut -c 1-8

23648321

方法2:
 openssl rand -base64 4 |cksum |cut -c 1-8

38571131

方法3:
 date +%N |cut -c 1-8

69024815

cksum:打印CRC效验和统计字节
2、定义一个颜色输出字符串函数

方法1:

function echo_color() {

    if [ $1 == "green" ]; then

        echo -e "33[32;40m$233[0m"

    elif [ $1 == "red" ]; then

        echo -e "33[31;40m$233[0m"

    fi

}

方法2:

function echo_color() {

    case $1 in

        green)

            echo -e "[32;40m$2[0m"

            ;;

        red)

            echo -e "[31;40m$2[0m"

            ;;

        *)

            echo "Example: echo_color red string"

    esac

}

使用方法:echo_color green "test"

function关键字定义一个函数,可加或不加。
3、批量创建用户
!/bin/bash

DATE=$(date +%F_%T)

USER_FILE=user.txt

echo_color(){

    if [ $1 == "green" ]; then

        echo -e "[32;40m$2[0m"

    elif [ $1 == "red" ]; then

        echo -e "[31;40m$2[0m"

    fi

}
 如果用户文件存在并且大小大于0就备份

if [ -s $USER_FILE ]; then

    mv $USER_FILE ${USER_FILE}-${DATE}.bak

    echo_color green "$USER_FILE exist, rename ${USER_FILE}-${DATE}.bak"

fi

echo -e "User Password" >> $USER_FILE

echo "----------------" >> $USER_FILE

for USER in user{1..10}; do

    if ! id $USER &>/dev/null; then

        PASS=$(echo $RANDOM |md5sum |cut -c 1-8)

        useradd $USER

        echo $PASS |passwd --stdin $USER &>/dev/null

        echo -e "$USER $PASS" >> $USER_FILE

        echo "$USER User create successful."

    else

        echo_color red "$USER User already exists!"

    fi

done
4、检查软件包是否安装
!/bin/bash

if rpm -q sysstat &>/dev/null; then

    echo "sysstat is already installed."

else

    echo "sysstat is not installed!"

fi
5、检查服务状态
!/bin/bash

PORT_C=$(ss -anu |grep -c 123)

PS_C=$(ps -ef |grep ntpd |grep -vc grep)

if [ $PORT_C -eq 0 -o $PS_C -eq 0 ]; then

    echo "内容" | mail -s "主题" dst@example.com

fi
****
6、检查主机存活状态
方法1:将错误IP放到数组里面判断是否ping失败三次
!/bin/bash  

IP_LIST="192.168.18.1 192.168.1.1 192.168.18.2"

for IP in $IP_LIST; do

    NUM=1

    while [ $NUM -le 3 ]; do

        if ping -c 1 $IP > /dev/null; then

            echo "$IP Ping is successful."

            break

        else

            # echo "$IP Ping is failure $NUM"

            FAIL_COUNT[$NUM]=$IP

            let NUM++

        fi

    done

    if [ ${#FAIL_COUNT[]} -eq 3 ];then

        echo "${FAIL_COUNT[1]} Ping is failure!"

        unset FAIL_COUNT[]

    fi

done
方法2:将错误次数放到FAIL_COUNT变量里面判断是否ping失败三次
!/bin/bash  

IP_LIST="192.168.18.1 192.168.1.1 192.168.18.2"

for IP in $IP_LIST; do

    FAIL_COUNT=0

    for ((i=1;i<=3;i++)); do

        if ping -c 1 $IP >/dev/null; then

            echo "$IP Ping is successful."

            break

        else

            # echo "$IP Ping is failure $i"

            let FAIL_COUNT++

        fi

    done

    if [ $FAIL_COUNT -eq 3 ]; then

        echo "$IP Ping is failure!"

    fi

done
方法3:利用for循环将ping通就跳出循环继续,如果不跳出就会走到打印ping失败
!/bin/bash

ping_success_status() {

    if ping -c 1 $IP >/dev/null; then

        echo "$IP Ping is successful."

        continue

    fi

}

IP_LIST="192.168.18.1 192.168.1.1 192.168.18.2"

for IP in $IP_LIST; do

    ping_success_status

    ping_success_status

    ping_success_status

    echo "$IP Ping is failure!"

done
****
7、监控CPU、内存和硬盘利用率
1)CPU

借助vmstat工具来分析CPU统计信息。
!/bin/bash

DATE=$(date +%F" "%H:%M)

IP=$(ifconfig eth0 |awk -F  [ :]+   /inet addr/{print $4} )  # 只支持CentOS6

MAIL="example@mail.com"

if ! which vmstat &>/dev/null; then

    echo "vmstat command no found, Please install procps package."

    exit 1

fi

US=$(vmstat |awk  NR==3{print $13} )

SY=$(vmstat |awk  NR==3{print $14} )

IDLE=$(vmstat |awk  NR==3{print $15} )

WAIT=$(vmstat |awk  NR==3{print $16} )

USE=$(($US+$SY))

if [ $USE -ge 50 ]; then

    echo "

    Date: $DATE

    Host: $IP

    Problem: CPU utilization $USE

    " | mail -s "CPU Monitor" $MAIL

fi
2)内存
!/bin/bash

DATE=$(date +%F" "%H:%M)

IP=$(ifconfig eth0 |awk -F  [ :]+   /inet addr/{print $4} )  

MAIL="example@mail.com"

TOTAL=$(free -m |awk  /Mem/{print $2} )

USE=$(free -m |awk  /Mem/{print $3-$6-$7} )

FREE=$(($TOTAL-$USE))
 内存小于1G发送报警邮件

if [ $FREE -lt 1024 ]; then

    echo "

    Date: $DATE

    Host: $IP

    Problem: Total=$TOTAL,Use=$USE,Free=$FREE

    " | mail -s "Memory Monitor" $MAIL

fi
3)硬盘
!/bin/bash

DATE=$(date +%F" "%H:%M)

IP=$(ifconfig eth0 |awk -F  [ :]+   /inet addr/{print $4} )  

MAIL="example@mail.com"

TOTAL=$(fdisk -l |awk -F [: ]+   BEGIN{OFS="="}/^Disk /dev/{printf "%s=%sG,",$2,$3} )

PART_USE=$(df -h |awk  BEGIN{OFS="="}/^/dev/{print $1,int($5),$6} )

for i in $PART_USE; do

    PART=$(echo $i |cut -d"=" -f1)

    USE=$(echo $i |cut -d"=" -f2)

    MOUNT=$(echo $i |cut -d"=" -f3)

    if [ $USE -gt 80 ]; then

        echo "

        Date: $DATE

        Host: $IP

        Total: $TOTAL

        Problem: $PART=$USE($MOUNT)

        " | mail -s "Disk Monitor" $MAIL

    fi

done
****
8、批量主机磁盘利用率监控

前提监控端和被监控端SSH免交互登录或者密钥登录。

写一个配置文件保存被监控主机SSH连接信息,文件内容格式:IP User Port
!/bin/bash

HOST_INFO=host.info

for IP in $(awk  /^[^#]/{print $1}  $HOST_INFO); do

    USER=$(awk -v ip=$IP  ip==$1{print $2}  $HOST_INFO)

    PORT=$(awk -v ip=$IP  ip==$1{print $3}  $HOST_INFO)

    TMP_FILE=/tmp/disk.tmp

    ssh -p $PORT $USER@$IP  df -h  > $TMP_FILE

    USE_RATE_LIST=$(awk  BEGIN{OFS="="}/^/dev/{print $1,int($5)}  $TMP_FILE)

    for USE_RATE in $USE_RATE_LIST; do

        PART_NAME=${USE_RATE%=}

        USE_RATE=${USE_RATE#=}

        if [ $USE_RATE -ge 80 ]; then

            echo "Warning: $PART_NAME Partition usage $USE_RATE%!"

        fi

    done

done
****
9、检查网站可用性
1)检查URL可用性

方法1:

check_url() {

    HTTP_CODE=$(curl -o /dev/null --connect-timeout 3 -s -w "%{http_code}" $1)

    if [ $HTTP_CODE -ne 200 ]; then

        echo "Warning: $1 Access failure!"

    fi

}

方法2:

check_url() {

if ! wget -T 10 --tries=1 --spider $1 >/dev/null 2>&1; then  
-T超时时间,--tries尝试1次,--spider爬虫模式

        echo "Warning: $1 Access failure!"

    fi

}

使用方法:check_url www.baidu.com
2)判断三次URL可用性

思路与上面检查主机存活状态一样。

方法1:利用循环技巧,如果成功就跳出当前循环,否则执行到最后一行
!/bin/bash  

check_url() {

    HTTP_CODE=$(curl -o /dev/null --connect-timeout 3 -s -w "%{http_code}" $1)

    if [ $HTTP_CODE -eq 200 ]; then

        continue

    fi

}

URL_LIST="www.baidu.com www.agasgf.com"

for URL in $URL_LIST; do

    check_url $URL

    check_url $URL

    check_url $URL

    echo "Warning: $URL Access failure!"

done

方法2:错误次数保存到变量
!/bin/bash  

URL_LIST="www.baidu.com www.agasgf.com"

for URL in $URL_LIST; do

    FAIL_COUNT=0

    for ((i=1;i<=3;i++)); do

        HTTP_CODE=$(curl -o /dev/null --connect-timeout 3 -s -w "%{http_code}" $URL)

        if [ $HTTP_CODE -ne 200 ]; then

            let FAIL_COUNT++

        else

            break

        fi

    done

    if [ $FAIL_COUNT -eq 3 ]; then

        echo "Warning: $URL Access failure!"

    fi

done

方法3:错误次数保存到数组
!/bin/bash  

URL_LIST="www.baidu.com www.agasgf.com"

for URL in $URL_LIST; do

    NUM=1

    while [ $NUM -le 3 ]; do

        HTTP_CODE=$(curl -o /dev/null --connect-timeout 3 -s -w "%{http_code}" $URL)

        if [ $HTTP_CODE -ne 200 ]; then

            FAIL_COUNT[$NUM]=$IP  #创建数组,以$NUM下标,$IP元素

            let NUM++

        else

            break

        fi

    done

    if [ ${#FAIL_COUNT[]} -eq 3 ]; then

        echo "Warning: $URL Access failure!"

        unset FAIL_COUNT[]    #清空数组

    fi

done
10、检查MySQL主从同步状态
!/bin/bash  

USER=bak

PASSWD=123456

IO_SQLSTATUS=$(mysql -u$USER -p$PASSWD -e  show slave statusG  |awk -F:  /Slave._Running/{gsub(": ",":");print $0} )  #gsub去除冒号后面的空格

for i in $IO_SQL_STATUS; do

    THREAD_STATUS_NAME=${i%:}

    THREAD_STATUS=${i#*:}

    if [ "$THREAD_STATUS" != "Yes" ]; then

        echo "Error: MySQL Master-Slave $THREAD_STATUS_NAME status is $THREAD_STATUS!"

    fi

done

 

11、iptables自动屏蔽访问 网站 频繁的IP

场景:恶意访问,安全防范

1)屏蔽每分钟访问超过200的IP

方法1:根据访问日志(Nginx为例)
!/bin/bash

DATE=$(date +%d/%b/%Y:%H:%M)

ABNORMAL_IP=$(tail -n5000 access.log |grep $DATE |awk '{a[$1]++}END{for(i in a)if(a[i]>100)print i}')
先tail防止文件过大,读取慢,数字可调整每分钟最大的访问量。awk不能直接过滤日志,因为包含特殊字符。

for IP in $ABNORMAL_IP; do

if [ $(iptables -vnL |grep -c "$IP") -eq 0 ]; then

iptables -I INPUT -s $IP -j DROP

fi

done

方法2:通过TCP建立的连接
!/bin/bash

ABNORMAL_IP=$(netstat -an |awk '$4~/:80$/ && $6~/ESTABLISHED/{gsub(/:[0-9]+/,"",$5);{a[$5]++}}END{for(i in a)if(a[i]>100)print i}')
gsub是将第五列(客户端IP)的冒号和端口去掉

for IP in $ABNORMAL_IP; do

if [ $(iptables -vnL |grep -c "$IP") -eq 0 ]; then

iptables -I INPUT -s $IP -j DROP

fi

done

2)屏蔽每分钟SSH尝试登录超过10次的IP

方法1:通过lastb获取登录状态:
!/bin/bash

DATE=$(date +"%a %b %e %H:%M") #星期月天时分 %e单数字时显示7,而%d显示07

ABNORMAL_IP=$(lastb |grep "$DATE" |awk '{a[$3]++}END{for(i in a)if(a[i]>10)print i}')

for IP in $ABNORMAL_IP; do

if [ $(iptables -vnL |grep -c "$IP") -eq 0 ]; then

iptables -I INPUT -s $IP -j DROP

fi

done

方法2:通过日志获取登录状态
!/bin/bash

DATE=$(date +"%b %d %H")

ABNORMAL_IP="$(tail -n10000 /var/log/auth.log |grep "$DATE" |awk '/Failed/{a[$(NF-3)]++}END{for(i in a)if(a[i]>5)print i}')"

for IP in $ABNORMAL_IP; do

if [ $(iptables -vnL |grep -c "$IP") -eq 0 ]; then

iptables -A INPUT -s $IP -j DROP

echo "$(date +"%F %T") - iptables -A INPUT -s $IP -j DROP" >>~/ssh-login-limit.log

fi

done

12、判断用户输入的是否为IP地址

方法1:
!/bin/bash

function check_ip(){

IP=$1

VALID_CHECK=$(echo $IP|awk -F. '$1<=255&&$2<=255&&$3<=255&&$4<=255{print "yes"}')

if echo $IP|grep -E "^[0-9]{1,3}.[0-9]{1,3}.[0-9]{1,3}.[0-9]{1,3}$">/dev/null; then

if [ $VALID_CHECK == "yes" ]; then

echo "$IP available."

else

echo "$IP not available!"

fi

else

echo "Format error!"

fi

}

check_ip 192.168.1.1

check_ip 256.1.1.1

方法2:
!/bin/bash

function check_ip(){

IP=$1

if [[ $IP =~ ^[0-9]{1,3}.[0-9]{1,3}.[0-9]{1,3}.[0-9]{1,3}$ ]]; then

FIELD1=$(echo $IP|cut -d. -f1)

FIELD2=$(echo $IP|cut -d. -f2)

FIELD3=$(echo $IP|cut -d. -f3)

FIELD4=$(echo $IP|cut -d. -f4)

if [ $FIELD1 -le 255 -a $FIELD2 -le 255 -a $FIELD3 -le 255 -a $FIELD4 -le 255 ]; then

echo "$IP available."

else

echo "$IP not available!"

fi

else

echo "Format error!"

fi

}

check_ip 192.168.1.1

check_ip 256.1.1.1

增加版:

加个死循环,如果IP可用就退出,不可用提示继续输入,并使用awk判断。

    function check_ip(){  
    local IP=$1  
    VALID_CHECK=$(echo $IP|awk -F. '$1<=255&&$2<=255&&$3<=255&&$4<=255{print "yes"}')  
    if echo $IP|grep -E "^[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}$" >/dev/null; then  
        if [ $VALID_CHECK == "yes" ]; then  
            return 0  
        else  
            echo "$IP not available!"  
            return 1  
        fi  
    else  
        echo "Format error! Please input again."  
        return 1  
    fi

}

while true; do

read -p "Please enter IP: " IP

check_ip $IP

[ $? -eq 0 ] && break || continue

done

13、判断用户输入的是否为数字

方法1:
!/bin/bash

if [[ $1 =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]]; then

echo "Is Number."

else

echo "No Number."

fi

方法2:
!/bin/bash

if [ $1 -gt 0 ] 2>/dev/null; then

echo "Is Number."

else

echo "No Number."

fi

方法3:
!/bin/bash

echo $1 |awk '{print $0~/^[0-9]+$/?"Is Number.":"No Number."}' #三目运算符

12.14 找出包含关键字的文件

DIR=$1

KEY=$2

for FILE in $(find $DIR -type f); do

if grep $KEY $FILE &>/dev/null; then

echo "--> $FILE"

fi

done

14、给定目录找出包含关键字的文件
!/bin/bash

DIR=$1

KEY=$2

for FILE in $(find $DIR -type f); do

if grep $KEY $FILE &>/dev/null; then

echo "--> $FILE"

fi

done

15、监控目录,将新创建的文件名追加到日志中

场景:记录目录下文件操作。

需先安装inotify-tools软件包。
!/bin/bash

MON_DIR=/opt

inotifywait -mq --format %f -e create $MON_DIR |

while read files; do

echo $files >> test.log

done

16、给用户提供多个网卡选择

场景:服务器多个网卡时,获取指定网卡,例如网卡流量
!/bin/bash

function local_nic () {

local NUM ARRAY_LENGTH

NUM=0

for NIC_NAME in $(ls /sys/class/net|grep -vE "lo|docker0" ); do

NIC_IP=$(ifconfig $NIC_NAME |awk -F '[: ]+' '/inet addr/{print $4}' )

if [ -n " $NIC_IP " ]; then

NIC_IP_ARRAY[ $NUM ]= " $NIC_NAME : $NIC_IP " #将网卡名和对应IP放到数组

let NUM++

fi

done

ARRAY_LENGTH= ${#NIC_IP_ARRAY[]}

if [ $ARRAY_LENGTH -eq 1 ]; then #如果数组里面只有一条记录说明就一个网卡

NIC= ${NIC_IP_ARRAY[0]%:}

return 0

elif [ $ARRAY_LENGTH -eq 0 ]; then #如果没有记录说明没有网卡

echo "No available network card!"

exit 1

else
如果有多条记录则提醒输入选择

for NIC in ${NIC_IP_ARRAY[]} ; do

echo $NIC

done

while true ; do

read -p "Please enter local use to network card name: " INPUT_NIC_NAME

COUNT=0

for NIC in ${NIC_IP_ARRAY[]} ; do

NIC_NAME= ${NIC%:}

if [ $NIC_NAME == " $INPUT_NIC_NAME " ]; then

NIC= ${NIC_IP_ARRAY[$COUNT]%:}

return 0

else

COUNT+=1

fi

done

echo "Not match! Please input again."

done

fi

}

local_nic

17、查看网卡实时流量

适用于CentOS6操作系统。
!/bin/bash
Description: Only CentOS6

traffic_unit_conv() {

local traffic=$1

if [ $traffic -gt 1024000 ]; then

printf "%.1f%s" "$(($traffic/1024/1024))" "MB/s"

elif [ $traffic -lt 1024000 ]; then

printf "%.1f%s" "$(($traffic/1024))" "KB/s"

fi

}

NIC=$1

echo -e " In ------ Out"

while true; do

OLD_IN=$(awk -F'[: ]+' '$0~"'$NIC'"{print $3}' /proc/net/dev)

OLD_OUT=$(awk -F'[: ]+' '$0~"'$NIC'"{print $11}' /proc/net/dev)

sleep 1

NEW_IN=$(awk -F'[: ]+' '$0~"'$NIC'"{print $3}' /proc/net/dev)

NEW_OUT=$(awk -F'[: ]+' '$0~"'$NIC'"{print $11}' /proc/net/dev)

IN=$(($NEW_IN-$OLD_IN))

OUT=$(($NEW_OUT-$OLD_OUT))

echo "$(traffic_unit_conv $IN) $(traffic_unit_conv $OUT)"

sleep 1

done

使用:./traffic.sh eth0

18、MySQL数据库备份
!/bin/bash

DATE=$(date +%F_%H-%M-%S)

HOST=192.168.1.120

DB=test

USER=bak

PASS=123456

MAIL="zhangsan@example.com lisi@example.com"

BACKUP_DIR=/data/db_backup

SQL_FILE=${DB}full$DATE.sql

BAK_FILE=${DB}full$DATE.zip

cd $BACKUP_DIR

if mysqldump -h$HOST -u$USER -p$PASS --single-transaction --routines --triggers -B $DB > $SQL_FILE; then

zip $BAK_FILE $SQL_FILE && rm -f $SQL_FILE

if [ ! -s $BAK_FILE ]; then

echo "$DATE 内容" | mail -s "主题" $MAIL

fi

else

echo "$DATE 内容" | mail -s "主题" $MAIL

fi

find $BACKUP_DIR -name '*.zip' -ctime +14 -exec rm {} ;

19、Nginx服务管理脚本****

场景:使用源码包安装Nginx不含带服务管理脚本,也就是不能使用"service nginx start"或"/etc/init.d/nginx start",所以写了以下的服务管理脚本。
!/bin/bash
Description: Only support RedHat system

. /etc/init.d/ functions

WORD_DIR=/usr/local/nginx

DAEMON= $WORD_DIR /sbin/nginx

CONF= $WORD_DIR /conf/nginx.conf

NAME=nginx

PID=$(awk -F '[; ]+' '/^[^#]/{if($0~/pid;/)print $2}' $CONF )

if [ -z " $PID " ]; then

PID= $WORD_DIR /logs/nginx.pid

else

PID= $WORD_DIR / $PID

fi

stop () {

$DAEMON -s stop

sleep 1

[ ! -f $PID ] && action " Stopping $NAME " /bin/ true || action " Stopping $NAME " /bin/ false

}

start () {

$DAEMON

sleep 1

[ -f $PID ] && action " Starting $NAME " /bin/ true || action " Starting $NAME " /bin/ false

}

reload () {

$DAEMON -s reload

}

test_config () {

$DAEMON -t

}

case " $1 " in

start)

if [ ! -f $PID ]; then

start

else

echo " $NAME is running..."

exit 0

fi

;;

stop)

if [ -f $PID ]; then

stop

else

echo " $NAME not running!"

exit 0

fi

;;

restart)

if [ ! -f $PID ]; then

echo " $NAME not running!"

start

else

stop

start

fi

;;

reload)

reload

;;

testconfig)

test_config

;;

status)

[ -f $PID ] && echo " $NAME is running..." || echo " $NAME not running!"

;;

*)

echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|reload|testconfig|status}"

exit 3

;;

esac

20、用户根据菜单选择要连接的Linux主机

Linux主机SSH连接信息:
cat host.txt

Web 192.168.1.10 root 22

DB 192.168.1.11 root 22

内容格式:主机名 IP User Port
!/bin/bash

PS3="Please input number: "

HOST_FILE=host.txt

while true; do

select NAME in $(awk '{print $1}' $HOST_FILE) quit; do

[ ${NAME:=empty} == "quit" ] && exit 0

IP=$(awk -v NAME=${NAME} '$1==NAME{print $2}' $HOST_FILE)

USER=$(awk -v NAME=${NAME} '$1==NAME{print $3}' $HOST_FILE)

PORT=$(awk -v NAME=${NAME} '$1==NAME{print $4}' $HOST_FILE)

if [ $IP ]; then

echo "Name: $NAME, IP: $IP"

ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -p $PORT -i id_rsa $USER@$IP # 密钥免交互登录

break

else

echo "Input error, Please enter again!"

break

fi

done

done

21、从FTP服务器下载文件
!/bin/bash

if [ $# -ne 1 ]; then

echo "Usage: $0 filename"

fi

dir=$(dirname $1)

file=$(basename $1)

ftp -n -v << EOF # -n 自动登录

open 192.168.1.10 # ftp服务器

user admin password

binary # 设置ftp传输模式为二进制,避免MD5值不同或.tar.gz压缩包格式错误

cd $dir

get "$file"

EOF

22、连续输入5个100以内的数字,统计和、最小和最大
!/bin/bash

COUNT=1

SUM=0

MIN=0

MAX=100

while [ $COUNT -le 5 ]; do

read -p "请输入1-10个整数:" INT

if [[ ! $INT =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]]; then

echo "输入必须是整数!"

exit 1

elif [[ $INT -gt 100 ]]; then

echo "输入必须是100以内!"

exit 1

fi

SUM=$(($SUM+$INT))

[ $MIN -lt $INT ] && MIN=$INT

[ $MAX -gt $INT ] && MAX=$INT

let COUNT++

done

echo "SUM: $SUM"

echo "MIN: $MIN"

echo "MAX: $MAX"

23、将结果分别赋值给变量

应用场景:希望将执行结果或者位置参数赋值给变量,以便后续使用。

方法1:

for i in $(echo "4 5 6"); do

eval a$i=$i

done

echo $a4 $a5 $a6

方法2:将位置参数192.168.1.1{1,2}拆分为到每个变量

num=0

for i in $(eval echo $*);do #eval将{1,2}分解为1 2

let num+=1

eval node${num}="$i"

done

echo $node1 $node2 $node3
bash a.sh 192.168.1.1{1,2}

192.168.1.11 192.168.1.12

方法3:

arr=(4 5 6)

INDEX1=$(echo ${arr[0]})

INDEX2=$(echo ${arr[1]})

INDEX3=$(echo ${arr[2]})

24、批量修改文件名

示例:
touch article_{1..3}.html
ls

article_1.html article_2.html article_3.html

目的:把article改为bbs

方法1:

for file in $(ls html); do

mv $file bbs_${file#_}
mv $file $(echo $file |sed -r 's/.(_.)/bbs1/')
mv $file $(echo $file |echo bbs$(cut -d -f2)

done

方法2:

for file in $(find . -maxdepth 1 -name "html"); do

mv $file bbs_${file#_}

done

方法3:
rename article bbs *.html

25、统计当前目录中以.html结尾的文件总大

方法1:
find . -name "*.html" -exec du -k {} ; |awk '{sum+=$1}END{print sum}'

方法2:

for size in $(ls -l *.html |awk '{print $5}'); do

sum=$(($sum+$size))

done

echo $sum

26、扫描主机端口状态
!/bin/bash

HOST=$1

PORT="22 25 80 8080"

for PORT in $PORT; do

if echo &>/dev/null > /dev/tcp/$HOST/$PORT; then

echo "$PORT open"

else

echo "$PORT close"

fi

done

27、Expect实现SSH免交互执行命令

Expect是一个自动交互式应用程序的工具,如telnet,ftp,passwd等。

需先安装expect软件包。

方法1:EOF标准输出作为expect标准输入
!/bin/bash

USER=root

PASS=123.com

IP=192.168.1.120

expect << EOF

set timeout 30

spawn ssh $USER@$IP

expect {

"(yes/no)" {send "yesr"; exp_continue}

"password:" {send "$PASSr"}

}

expect "$USER@" {send "$1r"}

expect "$USER@" {send "exitr"}

expect eof

EOF

方法2:
!/bin/bash

USER=root

PASS=123.com

IP=192.168.1.120

expect -c "

spawn ssh $USER@$IP

expect {

\"(yes/no)\" {send \"yesr\"; exp_continue}

\"password:\" {send \"$PASSr\"; exp_continue}

\"$USER@*\" {send \"df -hr exitr\"; exp_continue}

}"

方法3:将expect脚本独立出来

登录脚本:
cat login.exp
!/usr/bin/expect

set ip [lindex $argv 0]

set user [lindex $argv 1]

set passwd [lindex $argv 2]

set cmd [lindex $argv 3]

if { $argc != 4 } {

puts "Usage: expect login.exp ip user passwd"

exit 1

}

set timeout 30

spawn ssh $user@$ip

expect {

"(yes/no)" {send "yesr"; exp_continue}

"password:" {send "$passwdr"}

}

expect "$user@" {send "$cmdr"}

expect "$user@" {send "exitr"}

expect eof

执行 命令脚本:写个循环可以批量操作多台服务器
!/bin/bash

HOST_INFO=user_info.txt

for ip in $(awk '{print $1}' $HOST_INFO)

do

user=$(awk -v I="$ip" 'I==$1{print $2}' $HOST_INFO)

pass=$(awk -v I="$ip" 'I==$1{print $3}' $HOST_INFO)

expect login.exp $ip $user $pass $1

done

Linux主机SSH连接信息:
cat user_info.txt

192.168.1.120 root 123456

28、批量修改服务器用户密码

Linux主机SSH连接信息:旧密码
cat old_pass.txt

192.168.18.217 root 123456 22

192.168.18.218 root 123456 22

内容格式:IP User Password Port

SSH远程修改密码脚本:新密码随机生成
!/bin/bash

OLD_INFO=old_pass.txt

NEW_INFO=new_pass.txt

for IP in $(awk '/^[^#]/{print $1}' $OLD_INFO); do

USER=$(awk -v I=$IP 'I==$1{print $2}' $OLD_INFO)

PASS=$(awk -v I=$IP 'I==$1{print $3}' $OLD_INFO)

PORT=$(awk -v I=$IP 'I==$1{print $4}' $OLD_INFO)

NEW_PASS=$(mkpasswd -l 8) # 随机密码

echo "$IP $USER $NEW_PASS $PORT" >> $NEW_INFO

expect -c "

spawn ssh -p$PORT $USER@$IP

set timeout 2

expect {

\"(yes/no)\" {send \"yesr\";exp_continue}

\"password:\" {send \"$PASSr\";exp_continue}

\"$USER@*\" {send \"echo '$NEW_PASS' |passwd --stdin $USERr exitr\";exp_continue}

}"

done

生成 新密码文件:
cat new_pass.txt

192.168.18.217 root n8wX3mU% 22

192.168.18.218 root c87;ZnnL 22

29、打印乘法口诀

方法1:
awk 'BEGIN{for(n=0;n++<9;){for(i=0;i++ -n "

echo "-f, --file specified file"

echo "-n, --line-number print specified line"

exit 1

;;

esac

done

30、getopts工具完善脚本命令行参数

getopts是一个解析脚本选项参数的工具。

命令格式: getopts optstring name [arg]

初次使用你要注意这几点:

    脚本位置参数会与optstring中的单个字母逐个匹配,如果匹配到就赋值给name,否则赋值name为问号;
    optstring中单个字母是一个选项,如果字母后面加冒号,表示该选项后面带参数,参数值并会赋值给OPTARG变量;
    optstring中第一个是冒号,表示屏蔽系统错误(test.sh: illegal option -- h);
    允许把选项放一起,例如-ab
本文转自:http://www.talkwithtrend.com/Article/245289