Gaussian Mixture Model（学习Free Mind知识整理）



这篇关于Gaussian Mixture Model（GMM）的文章：http://blog.pluskid.org/?p=39

  http://blog.csdn.net/abcjennifer/article/details/8198352

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“高斯分布（Gaussian distribution）”

解释及其推导：

http://blog.csdn.net/rns521/article/details/6953591

http://www.itongji.cn/article/111313452012.html

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“概率密度与概率值”

给定X是随机变量，如果存在一个非负函数f(x)，使得对任意实数a,b(a<b)有 P（a＜X≤b) = ∫f(x)dx, （积分下限是a,上限是b) 则称f(x)为X的概率密度函数。

概率密度函数的积分就得到概率值了。

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因为代码写法上有很多值得学习的地方，我又盗过来了：

function varargout = gmm(X, K_or_centroids)
% ============================================================
% Expectation-Maximization iteration implementation of
% Gaussian Mixture Model.
%
% PX = GMM(X, K_OR_CENTROIDS)
% [PX MODEL] = GMM(X, K_OR_CENTROIDS)
%
%  - X: N-by-D data matrix.
%  - K_OR_CENTROIDS: either K indicating the number of
%       components or a K-by-D matrix indicating the
%       choosing of the initial K centroids.
%
%  - PX: N-by-K matrix indicating the probability of each
%       component generating each point.
%  - MODEL: a structure containing the parameters for a GMM:
%       MODEL.Miu: a K-by-D matrix.
%       MODEL.Sigma: a D-by-D-by-K matrix.
%       MODEL.Pi: a 1-by-K vector.
% ============================================================

    threshold = 1e-15;
    [N, D] = size(X);

    if isscalar(K_or_centroids)
        K = K_or_centroids;
        % randomly pick centroids
        rndp = randperm(N);
        centroids = X(rndp(1:K), :);
    else
        K = size(K_or_centroids, 1);
        centroids = K_or_centroids;
    end

    % initial values
    [pMiu pPi pSigma] = init_params();

    Lprev = -inf;
    while true
        Px = calc_prob();

        % new value for pGamma
        pGamma = Px .* repmat(pPi, N, 1);
        pGamma = pGamma ./ repmat(sum(pGamma, 2), 1, K);

        % new value for parameters of each Component
        Nk = sum(pGamma, 1);
        pMiu = diag(1./Nk) * pGamma' * X;
        pPi = Nk/N;
        for kk = 1:K
            Xshift = X-repmat(pMiu(kk, :), N, 1);
            pSigma(:, :, kk) = (Xshift' * ...
                (diag(pGamma(:, kk)) * Xshift)) / Nk(kk);
        end

        % check for convergence
        L = sum(log(Px*pPi'));
        if L-Lprev < threshold
            break;
        end
        Lprev = L;
    end

    if nargout == 1
        varargout = {Px};
    else
        model = [];
        model.Miu = pMiu;
        model.Sigma = pSigma;
        model.Pi = pPi;
        varargout = {Px, model};
    end

    function [pMiu pPi pSigma] = init_params()
        pMiu = centroids;
        pPi = zeros(1, K);
        pSigma = zeros(D, D, K);

        % hard assign x to each centroids
        distmat = repmat(sum(X.*X, 2), 1, K) + ...
            repmat(sum(pMiu.*pMiu, 2)', N, 1) - ...
            2*X*pMiu';
        [dummy labels] = min(distmat, [], 2);

        for k=1:K
            Xk = X(labels == k, :);
            pPi(k) = size(Xk, 1)/N;
            pSigma(:, :, k) = cov(Xk);
        end
    end

    function Px = calc_prob()
        Px = zeros(N, K);
        for k = 1:K
            Xshift = X-repmat(pMiu(k, :), N, 1);
            inv_pSigma = inv(pSigma(:, :, k));
            tmp = sum((Xshift*inv_pSigma) .* Xshift, 2);
            coef = (2*pi)^(-D/2) * sqrt(det(inv_pSigma));
            Px(:, k) = coef * exp(-0.5*tmp);
        end
    end
end