题目链接：http://www.patest.cn/contests/pat-a-practise/1055
题目：
Forbes magazine publishes every year its list of billionaires based on the annual ranking of the world's wealthiest people. Now you are supposed to simulate this job, but concentrate only on the people in a certain range of ages. That is, given the net worths of N people, you must find the M richest people in a given range of their ages.
Input Specification:
Each input file contains one test case. For each case, the first line contains 2 positive integers: N (<=105) - the total number of people, and K (<=103) - the number of queries. Then N lines follow, each contains the name (string of no more than 8 characters without space), age (integer in (0, 200]), and the net worth (integer in [-106, 106]) of a person. Finally there are K lines of queries, each contains three positive integers: M (<= 100) - the maximum number of outputs, and [Amin, Amax] which are the range of ages. All the numbers in a line are separated by a space.
Output Specification:
For each query, first print in a line "Case #X:" where X is the query number starting from 1. Then output the M richest people with their ages in the range [Amin, Amax]. Each person's information occupies a line, in the format
Name Age Net_WorthThe outputs must be in non-increasing order of the net worths. In case there are equal worths, it must be in non-decreasing order of the ages. If both worths and ages are the same, then the output must be in non-decreasing alphabetical order of the names. It is guaranteed that there is no two persons share all the same of the three pieces of information. In case no one is found, output "None".
Sample Input:
12 4 Zoe_Bill 35 2333 Bob_Volk 24 5888 Anny_Cin 95 999999 Williams 30 -22 Cindy 76 76000 Alice 18 88888 Joe_Mike 32 3222 Michael 5 300000 Rosemary 40 5888 Dobby 24 5888 Billy 24 5888 Nobody 5 0 4 15 45 4 30 35 4 5 95 1 45 50Sample Output:
Case #1: Alice 18 88888 Billy 24 5888 Bob_Volk 24 5888 Dobby 24 5888 Case #2: Joe_Mike 32 3222 Zoe_Bill 35 2333 Williams 30 -22 Case #3: Anny_Cin 95 999999 Michael 5 300000 Alice 18 88888 Cindy 76 76000 Case #4: None
分析：
结构体排序，用C输入输出而不是用C++的，string的scanf不行，push到V中的字符串name为空。要用cin或char[]。
AC代码：
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string>
#include<string.h>
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
struct People{
char name[10];
int age;
int worth;
};
vector<People>V;
bool cmp(People A, People B){
if(A.worth != B.worth)return A.worth > B.worth;
else if(A.age != B.age)return A.age < B.age;
else return string(A.name) < string(B.name);
}
int main(){
freopen("F://Temp/input.txt", "r", stdin);
int N, K;
scanf("%d%d", &N, &K);
for (int i = 0; i < N; i++){
People tmp;
scanf("%s%d%d", tmp.name, &tmp.age, &tmp.worth);
V.push_back(tmp);
}
sort(V.begin(), V.end(), cmp);
int M, min, max;
for (int i = 0; i < K; i++){
bool has = false;
scanf("%d%d%d", &M, &min, &max);
printf("Case #%d:\n", i + 1);
for (int num = 0, j = 0; j < V.size() && num < M; j++){
if (V[j].age >= min && V[j].age <= max){
printf("%s %d %d\n", V[j].name, V[j].age, V[j].worth);
num++;
has = true;
}
}
if (has == false)
printf("None\n");
}
return 0;
}
截图：
P.S：
关于string和char[]，还有一个区别，在以下的测试程序中会有展现：
#include<stdio.h>
#include<vector>
#include<string>
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
struct A{
string s;
};
vector<A>V;
int main(){
string a;
A tmp;
//cin >> tmp.s;
cout << "---------------the scanf--------------------------" << endl;
scanf("%s",tmp.s.c_str() );
cout << "----------------the printf-------------------------" << endl;
printf("%s\n", tmp.s.c_str());
cout << "----------------the cout-------------------------" << endl;
cout << tmp.s << endl;
cout << "----------------the cin-------------------------" << endl;
cin >> tmp.s;
cout << "----------------the cout-------------------------" << endl;
cout << tmp.s << endl;
cout << "----------------the printf-------------------------" << endl;
printf("%s\n", tmp.s.c_str());
V.push_back(tmp);
printf("%s", V[0].s.c_str());
return 0;
}
所以，如果是string类型的话，尽量用cin来输入，而不是用scanf来输入，否则会出现问题。
——Apie陈小旭