远程版本库
（1）创建一个裸版本库
[root@localhost tmp]# git init fluff2
Initialized empty Git repository in /tmp/fluff2/.git/
[root@localhost tmp]# ls
fluff2
[root@localhost tmp]# git init --bare fluff
Initialized empty Git repository in /tmp/fluff/
[root@localhost tmp]# ls
fluff fluff2
（2）远程版本库
Git使用远程版本库和远程追踪分支来引用另一个版本库，并有助于与该版本库建立连接。
常见命令：
- git fetch 从远程版本库抓取对象及其相关的元数据
- git pull 跟fetch类似，但合并修改到相应本地分支
- git push 转移对象及其相关的元数据到远程版本库
- git ls-remote 显示一个给定的远程版本库的引用列表
分支类别：
- 远程追踪分支与远程版本库相关联，专门用来追踪远程版本库中每个分支的变化。
- 本地追踪分支与远程追踪分支相配对。它是一种集成分支，用于收集本地开发和远程追踪分支中的变更。
- 任何本地的非追踪分支通常称为特性或开发分支。
- 为了完成命名空间，远程分支是一个设在非本地的远程版本库的分支。
示例：
创建权威版本库public_html.git
用一个初始版本库填充Depot
[root@localhost tmp]# cd Depot/
[root@localhost Depot]# git clone --bare /root/public_html public_html.git
Initialized empty Git repository in /tmp/Depot/public_html.git/
[root@localhost Depot]# ls
public_html.git
[root@localhost Depot]# cd /root/public_html/
[root@localhost public_html]# ls #有工作目录
foo.html index.html yes.html
[root@localhost public_html]# ls -aF
./ ../ foo.html .git/ index.html yes.html
[root@localhost public_html]# ls -aF .git
./ BISECT_ANCESTORS_OK BISECT_NAMES branches/ config HEAD index logs/ ORIG_HEAD
../ BISECT_LOG BISECT_START COMMIT_EDITMSG description hooks/ info/ objects/ refs/
[root@localhost public_html]# cd /tmp/Depot/
[root@localhost Depot]# ls -aF public_html.git/ #没有工作目录
./ ../ branches/ config description HEAD hooks/ info/ objects/ packed-refs refs/
[root@localhost Depot]# cd public_html.git/
[root@localhost public_html.git]# cat config
[core]
repositoryformatversion = 0
filemode = true
bare = true
因为在克隆过程中使用了--bare选项，所以Git没有引入一般默认的origin远程版本库。
制作自己的origin远程版本库
[root@localhost public_html.git]# cd /root/public_html/
[root@localhost public_html]# cat .git/config
[core]
repositoryformatversion = 0
filemode = true
bare = false
logallrefupdates = true
[root@localhost public_html]# git remote add origin /tmp/Depot/public_html
[root@localhost public_html]# cat .git/config
[core]
repositoryformatversion = 0
filemode = true
bare = false
logallrefupdates = true
[remote "origin"]
url = /tmp/Depot/public_html
fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
在远程版本库中建立新的远程追踪分支，代表来自远程版本库的分支，以完成建立origin远程版本库进程
[root@localhost public_html]# git branch -a
* master
newtest
testing
[root@localhost public_html]# git remote update
Fetching origin
From /tmp/Depot/public_html
* [new branch] master -> origin/master
* [new branch] newtest -> origin/newtest
* [new branch] testing -> origin/testing
[root@localhost public_html]# git branch -a
* master
newtest
testing
remotes/origin/master #远程追踪分支：掌握和跟踪远程版本苦苦master分支中的提交
remotes/origin/newtest
remotes/origin/testing
在版本库中进行开发
[root@localhost public_html]# git show-branch -a
* [master] add test.txt
! [newtest] newtest yes
! [testing] newtest yes
! [origin/master] add test.txt
! [origin/newtest] newtest yes
! [origin/testing] newtest yes
------
++ ++ [newtest] newtest yes
++ ++ [newtest^] removed test.txt
*+++++ [master] add test.txt
[root@localhost public_html]# vim fuzzy.txt
[root@localhost public_html]# cat fuzzy.txt
Fuzzy Wuzzy was a bear
Fuzzy Wuzzy had no hair
Fuzzy Wuzzy wasn't very fuzzy,
Was he?
[root@localhost public_html]# git add fuzzy.txt
[root@localhost public_html]# git commit -m "add fuzzy"
[master 5571b42] add fuzzy
1 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 fuzzy.txt
[root@localhost public_html]# git show-branch -a
* [master] add fuzzy
! [newtest] newtest yes
! [testing] newtest yes
! [origin/master] add test.txt
! [origin/newtest] newtest yes
! [origin/testing] newtest yes
------
* [master] add fuzzy
++ ++ [newtest] newtest yes
++ ++ [newtest^] removed test.txt
*+++++ [origin/master] add test.txt
推送变更
[root@localhost public_html]# git push origin master
Counting objects: 4, done.
Delta compression using up to 4 threads.
Compressing objects: 100% (3/3), done.
Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 362 bytes, done.
Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
Unpacking objects: 100% (3/3), done.
To /tmp/Depot/public_html
b0b257c..5571b42 master -> master
Git提取master分支的变更，将它们捆绑在一起，发送到名为origin的远程版本库中。
探测远程版本库并验证是否更新
在本地
[root@localhost public_html]# cd /tmp/Depot/public_html.git/
[root@localhost public_html.git]# git show-branch
! [master] add fuzzy
* [newtest] newtest yes
! [testing] newtest yes
---
+ [master] add fuzzy
*+ [newtest] newtest yes
*+ [newtest^] removed test.txt
+*+ [master^] add test.txt
在不同物理机
[root@localhost public_html.git]# git ls-remote origin
然后用git rev-parse HEAD或git show ID来展示那些与当前本地分支匹配的提交ID
添加新的开发人员
[root@localhost tmp]# mkdir bobo
[root@localhost tmp]# ls
bobo Depot fluff fluff2
[root@localhost tmp]# cd bobo/
[root@localhost bobo]# ls
[root@localhost bobo]# git clone /tmp/Depot/public_html.git
Initialized empty Git repository in /tmp/bobo/public_html/.git/
[root@localhost bobo]# ls
public_html
[root@localhost bobo]# cd public_html/
[root@localhost public_html]# ls #这里因为这前建立origin时原版本库在newtest分支上
foo.html index.html yes.html
[root@localhost public_html]# git branch
* newtest
[root@localhost public_html]# ls -aF
./ ../ foo.html .git/ index.html yes.html
[root@localhost public_html]# cd .git/
[root@localhost .git]# ls
branches config description HEAD hooks index info logs objects packed-refs refs
[root@localhost .git]# cat config
[core]
repositoryformatversion = 0
filemode = true
bare = false
logallrefupdates = true
[remote "origin"]
fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
url = /tmp/Depot/public_html.git
[branch "newtest"] #此时有一个默认的远程版本库
remote = origin
merge = refs/heads/newtest
[root@localhost .git]# git remote show origin
* remote origin
Fetch URL: /tmp/Depot/public_html.git
Push URL: /tmp/Depot/public_html.git
HEAD branch (remote HEAD is ambiguous, may be one of the following):
newtest
testing
Remote branches:
master tracked
newtest tracked
testing tracked
Local branch configured for 'git pull':
newtest merges with remote newtest
Local ref configured for 'git push':
newtest pushes to newtest (up to date)
[root@localhost public_html]# git branch -a
* newtest
remotes/origin/HEAD -> origin/newtest #远程版本库认为的活动分支
remotes/origin/master
remotes/origin/newtest
remotes/origin/testing
修改提交，推送到仓库中的主版本库
[root@localhost public_html]# cat yes.html
AAAAAA
[root@localhost public_html]# vim yes.html
[root@localhost public_html]# cat yes.html
BBBBBBB
[root@localhost public_html]# git diff
diff --git a/yes.html b/yes.html
index b068058..6a4ca1b 100644
--- a/yes.html
+++ b/yes.html
@@ -1 +1 @@
-AAAAAA
+BBBBBBB
[root@localhost public_html]# git commit yes.html
[newtest c24a693] change yes.html
1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
[root@localhost public_html]# git push
Counting objects: 5, done.
Delta compression using up to 4 threads.
Compressing objects: 100% (2/2), done.
Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 253 bytes, done.
Total 3 (delta 1), reused 0 (delta 0)
Unpacking objects: 100% (3/3), done.
To /tmp/Depot/public_html.git
b488b19..c24a693 newtest -> newtest
获取版本库更新
（当其他人更新了文件，这时你需要刷新克隆版本库）
[root@localhost public_html]# git pull
pull意味着先执行fetch，然后执行merge或rebase。
push和fetch都负责在版本库之间传输数据，但方向相反。
（3）图解远程版本库开发周期
最初的开发
克隆产生两个单独的版本库
交替的历史记录
获取交替记录
合并历史记录
推送合并后的历史记录