Swift - 文件，文件夹操作大全

时间：2022-07-24 03:20:57

ios开发经常会遇到读文件，写文件等，对文件和文件夹的操作，这时就可以使用NSFileManager，NSFileHandle等类来实现。

下面总结了各种常用的操作：
1，遍历一个目录下的所有文件
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//假设用户文档下有如下文件和文件夹[test1.txt,fold1/test2.txt]
let manager = NSFileManager.defaultManager()
let urlForDocument = manager.URLsForDirectory( NSSearchPathDirectory.DocumentDirectory, inDomains:NSSearchPathDomainMask.UserDomainMask)
let url = urlForDocument[0] as NSURL
var error:NSErrorPointer = nil
 
//（1）对指定路径执行浅搜索，返回指定目录路径下的文件、子目录及符号链接的列表
let contentsOfPath = manager.contentsOfDirectoryAtPath(url.path!, error: error)
//contentsOfPath：Optional([fold1, test1.txt])
println("contentsOfPath: \(contentsOfPath)") 
 
//（2）类似上面的，对指定路径执行浅搜索，返回指定目录路径下的文件、子目录及符号链接的列表
let contentsOfURL = manager.contentsOfDirectoryAtURL(url, includingPropertiesForKeys: nil, options: NSDirectoryEnumerationOptions.SkipsHiddenFiles, error: error);
println("contentsOfURL: \(contentsOfURL)")
 
//（3）深度遍历，会递归遍历子文件夹（但不会递归符号链接）
let enumeratorAtPath = manager.enumeratorAtPath(url.path!)
//enumeratorAtPath：Optional([fold1, fold1/test2.txt, test1.txt])
println("enumeratorAtPath: \(enumeratorAtPath?.allObjects)") 
 
//（4）类似上面的，深度遍历，会递归遍历子文件夹（但不会递归符号链接）
let enumeratorAtURL = manager.enumeratorAtURL(url, includingPropertiesForKeys: nil, options: NSDirectoryEnumerationOptions.SkipsHiddenFiles, errorHandler:nil)
println("enumeratorAtURL: \(enumeratorAtURL?.allObjects)")
 
//（5）深度遍历，会递归遍历子文件夹（包括符号链接，所以要求性能的话用enumeratorAtPath）
let subPaths = manager.subpathsAtPath(url.path!)
//subPaths：Optional([fold1, fold1/test2.txt, test1.txt])
println("subPaths: \(subPaths)")

2，判断文件或文件夹是否存在

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let fileManager = NSFileManager.defaultManager()
let filePath:String = NSHomeDirectory() + "/Documents/hangge.txt"
var exist = fileManager.fileExistsAtPath(filePath)

3，创建文件夹

方式1：
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let myDirectory:String = NSHomeDirectory() + "/Documents/myFolder/Files"
let fileManager = NSFileManager.defaultManager()
var error:NSErrorPointer = nil
//withIntermediateDirectories为ture表示路径中间如果有不存在的文件夹都会创建
var isSuccess:Bool = fileManager.createDirectoryAtPath(myDirectory,
    withIntermediateDirectories: true, attributes: nil, error: error)

方式2：

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func createFolder(name:String,baseUrl:NSURL){
    let manager = NSFileManager.defaultManager()
    var error:NSErrorPointer = nil
    let folder = baseUrl.URLByAppendingPathComponent(name, isDirectory: true)
    println("文件夹: \(folder)")
    let exist = manager.fileExistsAtPath(folder.path!)
    if !exist {
        let createSuccess = manager.createDirectoryAtURL(folder, withIntermediateDirectories: true, attributes: nil, error: error)
        println("文件夹创建结果: \(createSuccess)")
    }
}
 
//在文档目录下新建folder目录
let manager = NSFileManager.defaultManager()
let urlForDocument = manager.URLsForDirectory( NSSearchPathDirectory.DocumentDirectory, inDomains:NSSearchPathDomainMask.UserDomainMask)
let url = urlForDocument[0] as NSURL
var error:NSErrorPointer = nil
createFolder("folder", baseUrl: url)

4，将对象写入文件
可以通过writeToFile方法，可以创建文件并将对象写入，对象包括String，NSString，UIImage，NSArray，NSDictionary等。

（1）把String保存到文件

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let filePath:String = NSHomeDirectory() + "/Documents/hangge.txt"
var error:NSErrorPointer = nil
var info = "欢迎来到hange.com"
info.writeToFile(filePath, atomically: true, encoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding, error: error)

（2）把图片保存到文件路径下

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let filePath:String = NSHomeDirectory() + "/Documents/hangge.png"
var image = UIImage(named: "apple.png")
var data:NSData = UIImagePNGRepresentation(image)
data.writeToFile(filePath, atomically: true)

（3）把NSArray保存到文件路径下

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var array = NSArray(objects: "aaa","bbb","ccc")
let filePath:String = NSHomeDirectory() + "/Documents/array.plist"
array.writeToFile(filePath, atomically: true)

（4）把NSDictionary保存到文件路径下

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var dictionary = NSDictionary(objects: ["111","222"], forKeys: ["aaa","bbb"])
let filePath:String = NSHomeDirectory() + "/Documents/dictionary.plist"
dictionary.writeToFile(filePath, atomically: true)

5，创建文件

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func createFile(name:String,fileBaseUrl:NSURL){
    let manager = NSFileManager.defaultManager()
    var error:NSErrorPointer = nil
     
    let file = fileBaseUrl.URLByAppendingPathComponent(name)
    println("文件: \(file)")
    let exist = manager.fileExistsAtPath(file.path!)
    if !exist {
        let data = NSData(base64EncodedString:"aGVsbG8gd29ybGQ=",options:.IgnoreUnknownCharacters)
        let createSuccess = manager.createFileAtPath(file.path!,contents:data,attributes:nil)
        println("文件创建结果: \(createSuccess)")
    }
}
 
//在文档目录下新建test.txt文件
let manager = NSFileManager.defaultManager()
let urlForDocument = manager.URLsForDirectory( NSSearchPathDirectory.DocumentDirectory, inDomains:NSSearchPathDomainMask.UserDomainMask)
let url = urlForDocument[0] as NSURL
var error:NSErrorPointer = nil
createFile("test.txt", fileBaseUrl: url)
//createFile("folder/new.txt", fileBaseUrl: url)

6，复制文件

（1）方法1

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let fileManager = NSFileManager.defaultManager()
let homeDirectory = NSHomeDirectory()
var error:NSErrorPointer = nil
let srcUrl = homeDirectory + "/Documents/hangge.txt"
let toUrl = homeDirectory + "/Documents/copyed.txt"
fileManager.copyItemAtPath(srcUrl, toPath: toUrl, error: error)

（2）方法2

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// 定位到用户文档目录
let manager = NSFileManager.defaultManager()
let urlForDocument = manager.URLsForDirectory( NSSearchPathDirectory.DocumentDirectory, inDomains:NSSearchPathDomainMask.UserDomainMask)
let url = urlForDocument[0] as NSURL
var error:NSErrorPointer = nil
 
let contentsOfURL = manager.contentsOfDirectoryAtURL(url, includingPropertiesForKeys: nil, options: NSDirectoryEnumerationOptions.SkipsHiddenFiles, error: error);
// 将test.txt文件拷贝到文档目录根目录下的copyed.txt文件
let srcUrl = url.URLByAppendingPathComponent("test.txt")
let toUrl = url.URLByAppendingPathComponent("copyed.txt")
 
let copyItemSuccess = manager.copyItemAtURL(srcUrl, toURL: toUrl, error: error)
println("复制结果: \(copyItemSuccess)")

7，移动文件

（1）方法1

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let fileManager = NSFileManager.defaultManager()
let homeDirectory = NSHomeDirectory()
var error:NSErrorPointer = nil
let srcUrl = homeDirectory + "/Documents/hangge.txt"
let toUrl = homeDirectory + "/Documents/moved"
fileManager.moveItemAtPath(srcUrl, toPath: toUrl, error: error)

（2）方法2

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// 定位到用户文档目录
let manager = NSFileManager.defaultManager()
let urlForDocument = manager.URLsForDirectory( NSSearchPathDirectory.DocumentDirectory, inDomains:NSSearchPathDomainMask.UserDomainMask)
let url = urlForDocument[0] as NSURL
var error:NSErrorPointer = nil
 
let contentsOfURL = manager.contentsOfDirectoryAtURL(url, includingPropertiesForKeys: nil, options: NSDirectoryEnumerationOptions.SkipsHiddenFiles, error: error);
let srcUrl = url.URLByAppendingPathComponent("test.txt")
let toUrl = url.URLByAppendingPathComponent("copyed.txt")
// 移动srcUrl中的文件（test.txt）到toUrl中（copyed.txt）
let moveItemSuccess = manager.moveItemAtURL(srcUrl, toURL: toUrl, error: error)

8，删除文件

（1）方法1

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let fileManager = NSFileManager.defaultManager()
let homeDirectory = NSHomeDirectory()
var error:NSErrorPointer = nil
let srcUrl = homeDirectory + "/Documents/hangge.txt"
fileManager.removeItemAtPath(srcUrl, error: error)

（2）方法2

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// 定位到用户文档目录
let manager = NSFileManager.defaultManager()
let urlForDocument = manager.URLsForDirectory( NSSearchPathDirectory.DocumentDirectory, inDomains:NSSearchPathDomainMask.UserDomainMask)
let url = urlForDocument[0] as NSURL
var error:NSErrorPointer = nil
 
let contentsOfURL = manager.contentsOfDirectoryAtURL(url, includingPropertiesForKeys: nil, options: NSDirectoryEnumerationOptions.SkipsHiddenFiles, error: error);
let toUrl = url.URLByAppendingPathComponent("copyed.txt")
// 删除文档根目录下的toUrl路径的文件（copyed.txt文件）
let removeItemSuccess = manager.removeItemAtURL(toUrl, error: error)
println("删除结果: \(removeItemSuccess)")

9，删除目录下所有的文件
（1）方法1：获取所有文件，然后遍历删除

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let fileManager = NSFileManager.defaultManager()
var error:NSErrorPointer = nil
var myDirectory = NSHomeDirectory() + "/Documents/Files"
var fileArray:[AnyObject]? = fileManager.subpathsAtPath(myDirectory)
for fn in fileArray!{
    fileManager.removeItemAtPath(myDirectory + "/\(fn)", error: error)
}

（2）方法2：删除目录后重新创建该目录

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let fileManager = NSFileManager.defaultManager()
var error:NSErrorPointer = nil
var myDirectory = NSHomeDirectory() + "/Documents/Files"
fileManager.removeItemAtPath(myDirectory, error: error)
fileManager.createDirectoryAtPath(myDirectory, withIntermediateDirectories: true,
    attributes: nil, error: error)

10，读取文件

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let manager = NSFileManager.defaultManager()
let urlsForDocDirectory = manager.URLsForDirectory(NSSearchPathDirectory.DocumentDirectory, inDomains:NSSearchPathDomainMask.UserDomainMask)
let docPath:NSURL = urlsForDocDirectory[0] as NSURL
let file = docPath.URLByAppendingPathComponent("test.txt")
 
//方法1
var readHandler = NSFileHandle(forReadingFromURL:file,error:nil)!
var data = readHandler.readDataToEndOfFile()
var readString = NSString(data: data, encoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding)
println("文件内容: \(readString)")
//方法2
let data = manager.contentsAtPath(file.path!)
var readString = NSString(data: data, encoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding)
println("文件内容: \(readString)")

11，在任意位置写入数据

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let string = "添加一些文字到文件末尾"
let appendedData = string.dataUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding, allowLossyConversion: true)
let writeHandler = NSFileHandle(forWritingToURL:file,error:nil)!
writeHandler.seekToEndOfFile()
writeHandler.writeData(appendedData!)

12，文件权限判断

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let manager = NSFileManager.defaultManager()
let urlsForDocDirectory = manager.URLsForDirectory(NSSearchPathDirectory.DocumentDirectory, inDomains:NSSearchPathDomainMask.UserDomainMask)
let docPath:NSURL = urlsForDocDirectory[0] as NSURL
let file = docPath.URLByAppendingPathComponent("test.txt")
 
let readable = manager.isReadableFileAtPath(file.path!)
println("可读: \(readable)")
let writeable = manager.isWritableFileAtPath(file.path!)
println("可写: \(writeable)")
let executable = manager.isExecutableFileAtPath(file.path!)
println("可执行: \(executable)")
let deleteable = manager.isDeletableFileAtPath(file.path!)
println("可删除: \(deleteable)")

13，获取文件属性（创建时间，修改时间，文件大小，文件类型等信息）

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let manager = NSFileManager.defaultManager()
let urlsForDocDirectory = manager.URLsForDirectory(NSSearchPathDirectory.DocumentDirectory, inDomains:NSSearchPathDomainMask.UserDomainMask)
let docPath:NSURL = urlsForDocDirectory[0] as NSURL
let file = docPath.URLByAppendingPathComponent("test.txt")
 
let attributes = manager.attributesOfItemAtPath(file.path!,error:nil) //结果为AnyObject类型
println("attributes: \(attributes!)")

14，文件/文件夹比较

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let manager = NSFileManager.defaultManager()
let urlsForDocDirectory = manager.URLsForDirectory(NSSearchPathDirectory.DocumentDirectory, inDomains:NSSearchPathDomainMask.UserDomainMask)
let docPath:NSURL = urlsForDocDirectory[0] as NSURL
let contents = manager.contentsOfDirectoryAtPath(docPath.path!,error:nil)!
 
//下面比较前面两个文件是否内容相同（该方法也可以用来比较目录）
let count = contents.count
if count > 1 {
    let path1 = docPath.path! + "/" + (contents[0] as String)
    let path2 = docPath.path! + "/" + (contents[1] as String)
    let equal = manager.contentsEqualAtPath(path1,andPath:path2)
    println("比较结果: \(equal)")
}

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