3.7 unittest之断言
前言
在测试用例中，执行完测试用例后，最后一步是判断测试结果是pass还是fail，自动化测试脚本里面一般把这种生成测试结果的方法称为断言（assert）。
用unittest组件测试用例的时候，断言的方法还是很多的，下面介绍几种常用的断言方法：assertEqual、assertIn、assertTrue
3.7.1 简单案例
1）.下面写了4个case，其中第四个是执行失败的
# coding:utf-8
import unittest class Test(unittest.TestCase):
def test01(self):
'''判断 a == b '''
a = 1
b = 1
self.assertEqual(a, b)
def test02(self):
'''判断 a in b'''
a = "hello"
b = "hello world!"
self.assertIn(a, b) def test03(self):
'''判断 a isTrue '''
a = True
self.assertTrue(a)
def test04(self):
'''失败案例'''
a = "上海-悠悠"
b = "yoyo"
self.assertEqual(a, b) if __name__ == "__main__":
unittest.main()
2）.执行结果如下
Failure
Expected :'\xe4\xb8\x8a\xe6\xb5\xb7-\xe6\x82\xa0\xe6\x82\xa0'
Actual :'yoyo'
<Click to see difference>
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "D:\test\yoyotest\kecheng\test12.py", line 27, in test04
self.assertEqual(a, b)
AssertionError: '\xe4\xb8\x8a\xe6\xb5\xb7-\xe6\x82\xa0\xe6\x82\xa0' != 'yoyo'
3.执行的结果，中文编码不对，没正常显示中文，遇到这种情况，可以自定义异常输出
3.7.2 自定义异常
1）.以assertEqual为例分析：
assertEqual(self, first, second, msg=None)
Fail if the two objects are unequal as determined by the'=='
operator.
2）.翻译：如果两个对象不能相等，就返回失败，相当于return: first==second
3）.这里除了相比较的两个参数first和second，还有第三个参数msg=None,这个msg参数就是遇到异常后自定义输出信息
3.7.3 unittest常用的断言方法
1）.assertEqual(self, first, second,msg=None)
--判断两个参数相等：first == second
2）.assertNotEqual(self, first, second,msg=None)
--判断两个参数不相等：first ！= second
3）.assertIn(self, member, container,msg=None)
--判断是字符串是否包含：member in container
4）.assertNotIn(self, member,container, msg=None)
--判断是字符串是否不包含：member not in container
5）.assertTrue(self, expr, msg=None)
--判断是否为真：expr is True
6）.assertFalse(self, expr, msg=None)
--判断是否为假：expr is False
7）.assertIsNone(self, obj, msg=None)
--判断是否为None：objis None
8）.assertIsNotNone(self, obj,msg=None)
--判断是否不为None：obj is not None
3.7.4 unittest所有断言方法
1）.下面是unittest框架支持的所有断言方法，有兴趣的同学可以慢慢看。(官方资料)
| assertAlmostEqual(self, first, second, places=None, msg=None,delta=None)
| Fail if the two objects are unequal asdetermined by their
| difference rounded to the given number ofdecimal places
| (default 7) and comparing to zero, or bycomparing that the
| between the two objects is more than the givendelta.
|
| Note that decimal places (from zero) areusually not the same
| as significant digits (measured from the mostsignficant digit).
|
| If the two objects compare equal then they willautomatically
| compare almost equal.
|
| assertAlmostEquals = assertAlmostEqual(self, first, second,places=None, msg=None, delta=None)
|
| assertDictContainsSubset(self, expected, actual, msg=None)
| Checks whether actual is a superset ofexpected.
|
| assertDictEqual(self, d1, d2, msg=None)
|
| assertEqual(self, first, second, msg=None)
| Fail if the two objects are unequal asdetermined by the '=='
| operator.
|
| assertEquals = assertEqual(self, first, second, msg=None)
|
| assertFalse(self, expr, msg=None)
| Check that the expression is false.
|
| assertGreater(self, a, b, msg=None)
| Just like self.assertTrue(a > b), but with anicer default message.
|
| assertGreaterEqual(self, a, b, msg=None)
| Just like self.assertTrue(a >= b), but witha nicer default message.
|
| assertIn(self, member, container, msg=None)
| Just like self.assertTrue(a in b), but with anicer default message.
|
| assertIs(self, expr1, expr2, msg=None)
| Just like self.assertTrue(a is b), but with anicer default message.
|
| assertIsInstance(self, obj, cls, msg=None)
| Same as self.assertTrue(isinstance(obj, cls)),with a nicer
| default message.
|
| assertIsNone(self, obj, msg=None)
| Same as self.assertTrue(obj is None), with anicer default message.
|
| assertIsNot(self, expr1, expr2, msg=None)
| Just like self.assertTrue(a is not b), but witha nicer default message.
|
| assertIsNotNone(self, obj, msg=None)
| Included for symmetry with assertIsNone.
|
| assertItemsEqual(self, expected_seq, actual_seq, msg=None)
| An unordered sequence specific comparison. Itasserts that
| actual_seq and expected_seq have the sameelement counts.
| Equivalent to::
|
| self.assertEqual(Counter(iter(actual_seq)),
| Counter(iter(expected_seq)))
|
| Asserts that each element has the same count inboth sequences.
| Example:
| - [0, 1, 1] and [1, 0,1] compare equal.
| - [0, 0, 1] and [0, 1]compare unequal.
|
| assertLess(self, a, b, msg=None)
| Just like self.assertTrue(a < b), but with anicer default message.
|
| assertLessEqual(self, a, b, msg=None)
| Just like self.assertTrue(a <= b), but witha nicer default message.
|
| assertListEqual(self, list1, list2, msg=None)
| A list-specific equality assertion.
|
| Args:
| list1: The first listto compare.
| list2: The second listto compare.
| msg: Optional messageto use on failure instead of a list of
| differences.
|
| assertMultiLineEqual(self, first, second, msg=None)
| Assert that two multi-line strings are equal.
|
| assertNotAlmostEqual(self, first, second, places=None, msg=None,delta=None)
| Fail if the two objects are equal as determinedby their
| difference rounded to the given number ofdecimal places
| (default 7) and comparing to zero, or bycomparing that the
| between the two objects is less than the givendelta.
|
| Note that decimal places (from zero) areusually not the same
| as significant digits (measured from the mostsignficant digit).
|
| Objects that are equal automatically fail.
|
| assertNotAlmostEquals = assertNotAlmostEqual(self, first, second, places=None,msg=None, delta=None)
|
| assertNotEqual(self, first, second, msg=None)
| Fail if the two objects are equal as determinedby the '!='
| operator.
|
| assertNotEquals = assertNotEqual(self, first, second, msg=None)
|
| assertNotIn(self, member, container, msg=None)
| Just like self.assertTrue(a not in b), but witha nicer default message.
|
| assertNotIsInstance(self, obj, cls, msg=None)
| Included for symmetry with assertIsInstance.
|
| assertNotRegexpMatches(self, text, unexpected_regexp, msg=None)
| Fail the test if the text matches the regularexpression.
|
| assertRaises(self, excClass, callableObj=None, *args, **kwargs)
| Fail unless an exception of class excClass israised
| by callableObj when invoked with arguments argsand keyword
| arguments kwargs. If a different type ofexception is
| raised, it will not be caught, and the testcase will be
| deemed to have suffered an error, exactly asfor an
| unexpected exception.
|
| If called with callableObj omitted or None,will return a
| context object used like this::
|
| withself.assertRaises(SomeException):
| do_something()
|
| The context manager keeps a reference to theexception as
| the 'exception' attribute. This allows you toinspect the
| exception after the assertion::
|
| withself.assertRaises(SomeException) as cm:
| do_something()
| the_exception =cm.exception
| self.assertEqual(the_exception.error_code, 3)
|
| assertRaisesRegexp(self, expected_exception, expected_regexp,callable_obj=None, *args, **kwargs)
| Asserts that the message in a raised exceptionmatches a regexp.
|
| Args:
| expected_exception:Exception class expected to be raised.
| expected_regexp: Regexp(re pattern object or string) expected
| to be found in error message.
| callable_obj: Functionto be called.
| args: Extra args.
| kwargs: Extra kwargs.
|
| assertRegexpMatches(self, text, expected_regexp, msg=None)
| Fail the test unless the text matches theregular expression.
|
| assertSequenceEqual(self, seq1, seq2, msg=None, seq_type=None)
| An equality assertion for ordered sequences(like lists and tuples).
|
| For the purposes of this function, a validordered sequence type is one
one
| which can be indexed, has a length, and has anequality operator.
|
| Args:
| seq1: The firstsequence to compare.
| seq2: The secondsequence to compare.
| seq_type: The expecteddatatype of the sequences, or None if no
| datatype should be enforced.
| msg: Optional messageto use on failure instead of a list of
| differences.
|
| assertSetEqual(self, set1, set2, msg=None)
| A set-specific equality assertion.
|
| Args:
| set1: The first set tocompare.
| set2: The second set tocompare.
| msg: Optional messageto use on failure instead of a list of
| differences.
|
| assertSetEqual uses ducktyping to supportdifferent types of sets, and
| is optimized for sets specifically (parametersmust support a
| difference method).
|
| assertTrue(self, expr, msg=None)
| Check that the expression is true.
|
| assertTupleEqual(self, tuple1, tuple2, msg=None)
| A tuple-specific equality assertion.
|
| Args:
| tuple1: The first tupleto compare.
| tuple2: The secondtuple to compare.
| msg: Optional messageto use on failure instead of a list of
| differences.