Java JDBC连接SQL Server2005错误：通过port 1433 连接到主机 localhost 的 TCP/IP 连接失败

错误原因例如以下：

Exception in thread "main" org.hibernate.exception.JDBCConnectionException: Cannot open connection

at org.hibernate.exception.SQLStateConverter.convert(SQLStateConverter.java:99)

at org.hibernate.exception.JDBCExceptionHelper.convert(JDBCExceptionHelper.java:66)

at org.hibernate.exception.JDBCExceptionHelper.convert(JDBCExceptionHelper.java:52)

at org.hibernate.jdbc.ConnectionManager.openConnection(ConnectionManager.java:449)

at org.hibernate.jdbc.ConnectionManager.getConnection(ConnectionManager.java:167)

at org.hibernate.jdbc.JDBCContext.connection(JDBCContext.java:160)

at org.hibernate.transaction.JDBCTransaction.begin(JDBCTransaction.java:81)

at org.hibernate.impl.SessionImpl.beginTransaction(SessionImpl.java:1473)

at vo.NewsManager.main(NewsManager.java:17)

    Caused by: com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerException: 通过port 1433 连接到主机 localhost 的 TCP/IP 连接失败。错误:“Connection refused: connect。请验证连接属性，并检查 SQL Server 的实例正在主机上执行，且在此port接受 TCP/IP 连接，还要确保防火墙没有阻止到此port的 TCP 连接。”。

at com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerException.makeFromDriverError(SQLServerException.java:171)

at com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerConnection.connectHelper(SQLServerConnection.java:1033)

at com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerConnection.login(SQLServerConnection.java:817)

at com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerConnection.connect(SQLServerConnection.java:700)

at com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver.connect(SQLServerDriver.java:842)

at java.sql.DriverManager.getConnection(DriverManager.java:582)

at java.sql.DriverManager.getConnection(DriverManager.java:154)

at org.hibernate.connection.DriverManagerConnectionProvider.getConnection(DriverManagerConnectionProvider.java:133)

at org.hibernate.jdbc.ConnectionManager.openConnection(ConnectionManager.java:446)