转自:http://www.cnblogs.com/haiyupeter/archive/2012/07/29/2613145.html
容器:某一类型数据的集合。
C++标准顺序容器包括:vector,list,queue
容器初始化
vector<int> t;
for (int i = ; i < ; i ++) {
t.push_back(i);
} vector<int> c; // 空容器
vector<int> c1(t); // 容器t的副本
vector<int> c2(, ); // 3个值为4的容器
vector<int> c3(t.begin(), t.end() - ); // 容器t的begin()和end()-10之前的数据副本
vector<int> c4(); // 创建包含5个空默认值的副本
容器类型的规则:支持复制和赋值操作
容器的迭代访问
窗口的迭代访问非常类似指针的操作,都支持++和--的位移操作,迭代器内置了操作符重载。
*item
item->num
++item
item++
--item
item--
iter1 == iter2
iter1 != iter2
迭代器访问
for (vector<string>::iterator iter = strs2.begin(); iter != strs2.end(); iter ++) {
std::cout << *iter << std::endl;
}
迭代器的首元素迭代器和尾元素迭代器可以通过begin()和end()方法获取,并通过++方法进行迭代。
迭代器操作的API:
Iterators:
- begin Return iterator to beginning (public member function )
- end Return iterator to end (public member function )
- rbegin Return reverse iterator to reverse beginning (public member function)
- rend Return reverse iterator to reverse end (public member function)
- 容器的元素类型
Member types
- of template <class T, class Allocator=allocator<T> > class vector;
member type | definition |
---|---|
reference | Allocator::reference |
const_reference | Allocator::const_reference |
iterator | Random access iterator |
const_iterator | Constant random access iterator |
size_type | Unsigned integral type (usually same as size_t) |
difference_type | Signed integral type (usually same as ptrdiff_t) |
value_type | T |
allocator_type | Allocator |
pointer | Allocator::pointer |
const_pointer | Allocator::const_pointer |
reverse_iterator | reverse_iterator<iterator> |
const_reverse_iterator | reverse_iterator<const_iterator> |
- 通过reverse类型属性,可以逆序访问容器的迭代器
增加和删除元素
容器的API提供在具体什么位置增加或者删除元素,或者在什么元素增加或者删除元素:
Modifiers:
- assign Assign vector content (public member function)
- push_back Add element at the end (public member function)
- pop_back Delete last element (public member function)
- insert Insert elements (public member function)
- erase Erase elements (public member function )
- swap Swap content (public member function )
- clear Clear content (public member function)
容器大小
Capacity:
- size Return size (public member function)
- max_size Return maximum size (public member function )
- resize Change size (public member function)
- capacity Return size of allocated storage capacity (public member function)
- empty Test whether vector is empty (public member function)
- reserve Request a change in capacity (public member function)
关联容器
C++中的关联容器包括 map 和 set
map与key, value相对应,整合起来map与pair类型对应
set 直接与 value相对应
同时存在multimap和multiset两个对象,支持一个key对应多个value
具体可以参考:
C++的容器算法
最常见的是find方法,C++中的示例:
// 包含必要的头文件
#include <algorithm>
vector<int> vec(, );
vec.push_back();
vec.push_back();
vec.push_back();
vec.push_back();
vec.push_back();
vector<int>::const_iterator result = find(vec.begin(), vec.end(), );
std::cout << << (result == vec.end() ? " is not present" : " is present") << std::endl;
除了少数情况下,C++的容器算法都是在一个范围内的元素进行操作。所以其参数顺序情况一般为:iter_begin, iter_end, search_value。
C++容器使用的算法与数据结构书中大致相同:
1. 只读算法(查找)
2. 写算法(排序)
3. 合并
4. 堆
5. 最大/最小值等
常用只读算法:
....
实践了fill, fill_n, back_inserter, copy, replace, sort, count_if
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iterator>
using namespace std;
void log(std::string log) {
std::cout << log << std::endl;
}
void apiTest() {
}
int main()
{
vector<int> vec(, );
vec.push_back();
vec.push_back();
vec.push_back();
vec.push_back();
vec.push_back();
vec.push_back();
fill(vec.begin() + , vec.end() - ,);
fill_n(back_inserter(vec), , );
replace(vec.end() - , vec.end(), , );
vector<int>::const_iterator iter = vec.begin();
for (;iter != vec.end();iter++) {
std::cout << *iter << std::endl;
}
vector<int> vec2;
copy(vec.begin(), vec.end(), back_inserter(vec2));
return ;
}
输出结果:
关于容器算法相关一章可参考:http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/algorithm/