转自http://blog.sina.com.cn/daylive——C++ STL map

时间:2023-01-06 03:04:36

Map是c++的一个标准容器,她提供了很好一对一的关系,在一些程序中建立一个map可以起到事半功倍的效果,总结了一些map基本简单实用的操作!

1.map最基本的构造函数;

map<string , int >mapstring; 

map<int ,string >mapint; 

map<string, char>mapstring; 

map< char ,string>mapchar; 

map<char ,int>mapchar; 

map<int ,char >mapint;

2. map添加数据;

map<int ,string> maplive; 

maplive.insert(pair<int,string>(,"aclive")); 

maplive.insert(map<int,string>::value_type(,"hai")); 

maplive[]="April";//map中最简单最常用的插入添加!

3,map中元素的查找:

find()函数返回一个迭代器指向键值为key的元素,如果没找到就返回指向map尾部的迭代器。

map<int ,string >::iterator l_it;; 

l_it=maplive.find(); 

if(l_it==maplive.end()) 

    cout<<"we do not find 112"<<endl; 

else 
  
   cout<<"wo find 112"<<endl;

4,map中元素的删除: 如果删除112;

map<int ,string >::iterator l_it;;

 l_it=maplive.find(); 

if(l_it==maplive.end()) 

    cout<<"we do not find 112"<<endl; 

else 

    maplive.erase(l_it); //delete 112; 

5,map中 swap的用法: Map中的swap不是一个容器中的元素交换,而是两个容器交换;

For example:

#include <map> 

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main( ) 

{ 

  map <int, int> m1, m2, m3;   

  map <int, int>::iterator m1_Iter;

  m1.insert ( pair <int, int> ( ,  ) );   

  m1.insert ( pair <int, int> ( ,  ) );   

  m1.insert ( pair <int, int> ( ,  ) );   

  m2.insert ( pair <int, int> ( ,  ) ); 

  m2.insert ( pair <int, int> ( ,  ) );   

  m3.insert ( pair <int, int> ( ,  ) );

  cout << "The original map m1 is:"; 

  for ( m1_Iter = m1.begin( ); m1_Iter != m1.end( ); m1_Iter++ ) 

    cout << " " << m1_Iter->second; 

  cout << "." << endl;

  m1.swap( m2 );  // This is the member function version of swap //m2 is said to be the argument map; m1 the target map

  cout << "After swapping with m2, map m1 is:"; 

  for ( m1_Iter = m1.begin( ); m1_Iter != m1.end( ); m1_Iter++ ) 

    cout << " " << m1_Iter -> second; cout << "." << endl; 

  cout << "After swapping with m2, map m2 is:";

   for ( m1_Iter = m2.begin( ); m1_Iter != m2.end( ); m1_Iter++ ) 

    cout << " " << m1_Iter -> second; cout << "." << endl; 

  swap( m1, m3 );  // This is the specialized template version of swap

  cout << "After swapping with m3, map m1 is:"; 

  for ( m1_Iter = m1.begin( ); m1_Iter != m1.end( ); m1_Iter++ ) 

    cout << " " << m1_Iter -> second; cout << "." << endl; 

}

6.map的sort问题: Map中的元素是自动按key升序排序,所以不能对map用sort函数:

For example:

#include <map> 

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main( ) 

{ 

  map <int, int> m1; 

  map <int, int>::iterator m1_Iter;

  m1.insert ( pair <int, int> ( ,  ) ); 

  m1.insert ( pair <int, int> ( ,  ) ); 

  m1.insert ( pair <int, int> ( ,  ) ); 

  m1.insert ( pair <int, int> ( ,  ) ); 

  m1.insert ( pair <int, int> ( ,  ) ); 

  m1.insert ( pair <int, int> ( ,  ) );

  cout << "The original map m1 is:"<<endl; 

  for ( m1_Iter = m1.begin( ); m1_Iter != m1.end( ); m1_Iter++ ) 

    cout << m1_Iter->first<<" "<<m1_Iter->second<<endl; 

} 

The original map m1 is:             请按任意键继续. . .

7, map的基本操作函数: C++ Maps是一种关联式容器,

包含“关键字/值”对

begin() 返回指向map头部的迭代器

clear() 删除所有元素

count() 返回指定元素出现的次数

empty() 如果map为空则返回true

end() 返回指向map末尾的迭代器

equal_range() 返回特殊条目的迭代器对

erase() 删除一个元素

find() 查找一个元素

get_allocator() 返回map的配置器

insert() 插入元素

key_comp() 返回比较元素key的函数

lower_bound() 返回键值>=给定元素的第一个位置

max_size() 返回可以容纳的最大元素个数

rbegin() 返回一个指向map尾部的逆向迭代器

rend() 返回一个指向map头部的逆向迭代器

size() 返回map中元素的个数

swap() 交换两个map

upper_bound() 返回键值>给定元素的第一个位置

value_comp() 返回比较元素value的函数