Unix -创建文件夹和文件路径。

I know you can do mkdir to create a directory and touch to create a file, but is there no way to do both operations in one go?

我知道你可以用mkdir创建一个目录和一个触摸来创建一个文件，但是没有办法一次同时做这两个操作吗?

i.e. if I want to do the below when the folder other does not exist:

例如，如果我想在其他文件夹不存在时做以下操作:

cp /my/long/path/here/thing.txt /my/other/path/here/cpedthing.txt

Error:

错误:

cp: cannot create regular file `/my/other/path/here/cpedthing.txt': No such file or directory

Has anyone come up with a function as a workaround for this?

有人想出一个函数来解决这个问题吗?

11 个解决方案

#1

Use && to combine two commands in one shell line:

使用&&将两个命令合并到一个shell行中:

COMMAND1 && COMMAND2
mkdir -p /my/other/path/here/ && touch /my/other/path/here/cpedthing.txt

Note: Previously I recommended usage of ; to separate the two commands but as pointed out by @trysis it's probably better to use && in most situations because in case COMMAND1 fails COMMAND2 won't be executed either. (Otherwise this might lead to issues you might not have been expecting.)

注:之前我推荐使用;要分离这两个命令，但是正如@trysis指出的，在大多数情况下最好使用&，因为在COMMAND1失败的情况下，COMMAND2也不会被执行。(否则这可能会导致你可能没有预料到的问题。)

#2

You need to make all of the parent directories first.

您需要首先创建所有父目录。

FILE=./base/data/sounds/effects/camera_click.ogg

mkdir -p "$(dirname "$FILE")" && touch "$FILE"

---

If you want to get creative, you can make a function:

如果你想要有创意，你可以做一个功能:

mktouch() {
    if [ $# -lt 1 ]; then
        echo "Missing argument";
        return 1;
    fi

    for f in "$@"; do
        mkdir -p -- "$(dirname -- "$f")"
        touch -- "$f"
    done
}

And then use it like any other command:

然后像其他命令一样使用它:

mktouch ./base/data/sounds/effects/camera_click.ogg ./some/other/file

#3

#!/bin/sh
for f in "$@"; do mkdir -p "$(dirname "$f")"; done
touch "$@"

#4

Do it with /usr/bin/install:

用/usr/bin/install:

install -D /my/long/path/here/thing.txt /my/other/path/here/cpedthing.txt

when you don't have a source file:

当你没有源文件时:

install -D <(echo 1) /my/other/path/here/cpedthing.txt

#5

you can do it in two steps:

你可以分两步完成:

mkdir -p /my/other/path/here/
touch /my/other/path/here/cpedthing.txt

#6

This is what I would do:

这就是我要做的:

mkdir -p /my/other/path/here && touch $_/cpredthing.txt

mkdir -p /my/other/path/here & touch $_/cpredthing.txt

Here, the $_ is a variable that represents the last argument to the previous command that we executed in line.

在这里，$_是一个变量，它表示我们在行中执行的前一个命令的最后一个参数。

As always if you want to see what the output might be, you can test it by using the echo command, like so:

如往常一样，如果您想了解输出是什么，可以使用echo命令进行测试，如下所示:

echo mkdir -p /code/temp/other/path/here && echo touch $_/cpredthing.txt

echo mkdir -p /code/temp/other/path/here & echo touch $_/cpredthing.txt

Which outputs as:

输出为:

mkdir -p /code/temp/other/path/here
touch /code/temp/other/path/here/cpredthing.txt

As a bonus, you could write multiple files at once using brace expansion, for example:

作为奖励，您可以使用大括号展开一次编写多个文件，例如:

mkdir -p /code/temp/other/path/here &&
touch $_/{cpredthing.txt,anotherfile,somescript.sh}

Again, totally testable with echo:

同样，完全可测试的echo:

mkdir -p /code/temp/other/path/here
touch /code/temp/other/path/here/cpredthing.txt /code/temp/other/path/here/anotherfile /code/temp/other/path/here/somescript.sh

#7

if [ ! -d /my/other ]
then
   mkdir /my/other/path/here
   cp /my/long/path/here/thing.txt /my/other/path/here/cpedthing.txt
fi

#8

no need for if then statements... you can do it on a single line usign ;

不需要if then语句…你可以在单行usign上做;

mkdir -p /my/other/path/here;cp /my/long/path/here/thing.txt /my/other/path/here/cpedthing.txt

-- or on two lines --

——或者用两条线。

mkdir -p /my/other/path/here
cp /my/long/path/here/thing.txt /my/other/path/here/cpedthing.txt

-- the -p prevents error returns if the directory already exists (which is what I came here looking for :))

——如果目录已经存在，-p可以防止返回错误(这正是我在这里寻找的:)

#9

In the special (but not uncommon) case where you are trying to recreate the same directory hierarchy, cp --parents can be useful.

在特殊(但并不少见)的情况下，您试图重新创建相同的目录层次结构，cp——父母可能是有用的。

For example if /my/long contains the source files, and my/other already exists, you can do this:

例如，如果/my/long包含源文件，而my/other已经存在，您可以这样做:

cd /my/long
cp --parents path/here/thing.txt /my/other

#10

as I saw and test in a unix forum this solves the problem

正如我在unix论坛上看到和测试的那样，这解决了问题

ptouch() {
    for p in "$@"; do
        _dir="$(dirname -- "$p")"
        [ -d "$_dir" ] || mkdir -p -- "$_dir"
    touch -- "$p"
    done
}

#11

if you want simple with only 1 param snippet :

如果你只想要一个简单的参数片段:

rm -rf /abs/path/to/file;  #prevent cases when old file was a folder
mkdir -p /abs/path/to/file; #make it fist as a dir
rm -rf /abs/path/to/file; #remove the leaf of the dir preserving parents 
touch /abs/path/to/file; #create the actual file