ASP.NET Core 1.0中的管道-中间件模式
SP.NET Core 1.0借鉴了Katana项目的管道设计(Pipeline)。日志记录、用户认证、MVC等模块都以中间件(Middleware)的方式注册在管道中。显而易见这样的设计非常松耦合并且非常灵活,你可以自己定义任意功能的Middleware注册在管道中。这一设计非常适用于“请求-响应”这样的场景——消息从管道头流入最后反向流出。
在本文中暂且为这种模式起名叫做“管道-中间件(Pipeline-Middleware)”模式吧。
本文将描述”管道-中间件模式”的“契约式”设计和“函数式”设计两种方案。
一、什么是管道-中间件模式?
在此模式中抽象了一个类似管道的概念,所有的组件均以中间件的方式注册在此管道中,当请求进入管道后:中间件依次对请求作出处理,然后从最后一个中间件开始处理响应内容,最终反向流出管道。
二、契约式设计
契约式设计是从面向对象的角度来思考问题,根据管道-中间件的理解,中间件(Middleware)有两个职责:
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public interface IMiddleware
{ Request ProcessRequest(Request request);
Response ProcessResponse(Response response);
} |
管道(Pipeline)抽象应该能够注册中间件(Middleware):
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public interface IApplicationBuilder
{ void Use(IMiddleware middleware);
void UseArrange(List<IMiddleware> middlewares);
Context Run(Context context);
} |
实现IApplicationBuilder:
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public class ApplicationBuilder : IApplicationBuilder
{ public IWindsorContainer Container { get ; private set ; }
private readonly List<IMiddleware> _middlewares;
public ApplicationBuilder(IWindsorContainer container)
{
Contract.Requires(container!= null , "container!=null" );
_middlewares= new List<IMiddleware>();
Container = container;
}
public void Use(IMiddleware middleware)
{
Contract.Requires(middleware != null , "middleware!=null" );
_middlewares.Add(middleware);
}
public void UseArrange(List<IMiddleware> middlewares)
{
Contract.Requires(middlewares != null , "middlewares!=null" );
_middlewares.AddRange(middlewares);
}
public Context Run(Context context)
{
Contract.Requires(context!= null , "context!=null" );
var request=context.Request;
var response=context.Response;
foreach ( var middleware in _middlewares)
{
request = middleware.ProcessRequest(request);
}
_middlewares.Reverse();
foreach ( var middleware in _middlewares)
{
response = middleware.ProcessResponse(response);
}
return new Context(request,response);
}
} |
Run()方法将依次枚举Middleware并对消息的请求和响应进行处理,最后返回最终处理过的消息。
接下来需要实现一个Middleware:
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public class DefaultMiddleware:IMiddleware
{
public Request ProcessRequest(Request request)
{
request.Process( "default request" , "processed by defaultMiddleware" );
return request;
}
public Response ProcessResponse(Response response)
{
response.Process( "default response" , "processed by defaultMiddleware" );
return response;
}
}
|
为了将Middleware注册进管道,我们还可以写一个扩展方法增加代码的可读性:
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public static void UseDefaultMiddleware( this IApplicationBuilder applicationBuilder)
{ applicationBuilder.Use<DefaultMiddleware>();
} public static void Use<TMiddleware>( this IApplicationBuilder applicationBuilder)
where TMiddleware:IMiddleware
{ var middleware = applicationBuilder.Container.Resolve<TMiddleware>();
applicationBuilder.Use(middleware);
} |
写个测试看看吧:
写第二个Middleware:
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public class GreetingMiddleware:IMiddleware
{ public Request ProcessRequest(Request request)
{
request.Process( "hello, request" , "processed by greetingMiddleware" );
return request;
}
public Response ProcessResponse(Response response)
{
response.Process( "hello, request" , "processed by greetingMiddleware" );
return response;
}
} |
编写测试:
三、函数式设计方案
此方案也是Owin和ASP.NET Core采用的方案,如果站在面向对象的角度,第一个方案是非常清晰的,管道最终通过枚举所有Middleware来依次处理请求。
站在函数式的角度来看,Middleware可以用Func<Context, Context>来表示,再来看看这张图:
一个Middleware的逻辑可以用Func<Func<Context, Context>, Func<Context, Context>>来表示,整个Middleware的逻辑可以用下面的代码描述:
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public Func<Func<Context, Context>, Func<Context, Context>> Process()
{ Func<Func<Context, Context>, Func<Context, Context>> middleware = next =>
{
Func<Context, Context> process = context =>
{
/*process request*/
next(context);
/*process response*/
return context;
};
return process;
};
return middleware;
} |
这一过程是理解函数式方案的关键,所有Middleware可以聚合为一个Func<Context,Context>,为了易于阅读,我们可以定义一个委托:
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public delegate Context RequestDelegate(Context context);
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给定初始RequestDelegate,聚合所有Middleware:
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public IApplication Build()
{ RequestDelegate request = context => context;
_middlewares.Reverse();
foreach ( var middleware in _middlewares)
{
request = middleware(request);
}
return new Application(request);
} |
自定义一个函数式Middleware:
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public class DefaultMiddleware:IMiddleware
{ public Func<RequestDelegate, RequestDelegate> Request()
{
Func<RequestDelegate, RequestDelegate> request = next =>
{
return context =>
{
context.Request.Process( "default request" , "processed by defaultMiddleware" );
next(context);
context.Response.Process( "default response" , "processed by defaultMiddleware" );
return context;
};
};
return request;
}
} |
所有代码提供下载:https://git.oschina.net/richieyangs/Pipeline.Middleware.git