Cobbler环境搭建

时间：2021-06-08 01:42:22

Cobbler服务器系统: CentOS 6.6 64位
Cobbler版本: cobbler-2.6.11
IP地址：192.168.166.136

1、安装epel库

rpm -ivh http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm

2、安装依赖包

yum  -y install cobbler tftp tftp-server xinetd  dhcp  httpd  rsync pykickstart  debmirror  python-ctypes   cman

3、配置http

sed -i 's/^#ServerName www.example.com:80/ServerName 0.0.0.0:80/g' /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

chkconfig httpd on

/etc/init.d/httpd start

4、配置tftp和rsync

sed -i 's/disable\t= yes/disable\t= no/g' /etc/cobbler/tftpd.template

sed -i 's/disable\t= yes/disable\t= no/g' /etc/xinetd.d/rsync

chkconfig xinetd on

/etc/init.d/xinetd start

5、配置cobbler相关参数

[root@VM_166_136 ~]#sed -i 's/^@dists/#@dists/g;s/^@arches/#@arches/g' /etc/debmirror.conf

#生成root密码的密文，cobber客户端使用，该机器也必须能使用这个密码，否则执行cobbler sync/cobbler get-loaders报登录失败

[root@VM_166_136 kickstarts]# openssl passwd -1 -salt '' ''

$1$$RmyPVMlhpXjJj8iv4w.Ul.

[root@VM_166_136 ~]#vi /etc/cobbler/settings

default_password_crypted: "$1$$RmyPVMlhpXjJj8iv4w.Ul."

[root@VM_166_136 ~]#IP=$(ifconfig |grep -A 2 "eth0 " |grep 'inet addr'|awk '{print $2}'|awk -F: '{print $2}')

[root@VM_166_136 ~]#sed -i "s/^next_server.*$/next_server: $IP/g" /etc/cobbler/settings

[root@VM_166_136 ~]#sed -i "s/^server.*$/server: $IP/g" /etc/cobbler/settings

[root@VM_166_136 ~]#sed -i "s/^manage_dhcp.*$/manage_dhcp: 1/g" /etc/cobbler/settings

[root@VM_166_136 ~]#sed -i "s/^pxe_just_once.*$/pxe_just_once: 1/g" /etc/cobbler/settings

[root@VM_166_136 ~]#sed -i "s/^manage_rsync.*$/manage_rsync: 1/g" /etc/cobbler/settings

#查看修改的配置

[root@VM_166_136 ~]#grep -E "^default_password_crypted|^next_server|^server|^pxe_just_once|^manage_rsync|^manage_dhcp" /etc/cobbler/settings

6、配置dhcp服务器

#修改subnet信息

[root@VM_166_136 ~]#vi /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template

subnet 192.168.166.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {

	#option routers            192.168.166.1;

	option domain-name-servers 192.168.166.2;

	option subnet-mask         255.255.255.0;

	range dynamic-bootp        192.168.166.10 192.168.166.60;

	default-lease-time         21600;

	max-lease-time             43200;

	next-server                $next_server;

	class "pxeclients" {

		match if substring (option vendor-class-identifier, 0, 9) = "PXEClient";

		if option pxe-system-type = 00:02 {

			filename "ia64/elilo.efi";

		} else if option pxe-system-type = 00:06 {

			filename "grub/grub-x86.efi";

		} else if option pxe-system-type = 00:07 {

			filename "grub/grub-x86_64.efi";

		} else {

			filename "pxelinux.0";

		}

	}

}

[root@VM_166_136 ~]#echo "DHCPDARGS=eth0" >/etc/sysconfig/dhcpd

#检查cobber配置是否有误 ------下面这个问题，已确认有该文件，不知道为什么还是提示。。我这里忽略
[root@VM_166_136 kickstarts]# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:

1 : file /etc/xinetd.d/rsync does not exist

Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.

　　

chkconfig dhcpd on
chkconfig cobblerd on
cobbler get-loaders
service cobblerd start
cobbler sync
#测试dhcp服务器配置是否正确
dhcpd
service dhcpd start

设置cobbler相关服务启动脚本

vi /etc/rc.d/init.d/cobbler

#!/bin/sh

# chkconfig: - 80 90

# description:cobbler

case $1 in

start)

	/etc/init.d/httpd start

	/etc/init.d/xinetd start

	/etc/init.d/dhcpd start

	/etc/init.d/cobblerd start

	;;

stop)

	/etc/init.d/httpd stop

	/etc/init.d/xinetd stop

	/etc/init.d/dhcpd stop

	/etc/init.d/cobblerd stop

	;;

restart)

	/etc/init.d/httpd restart

	/etc/init.d/xinetd restart

	/etc/init.d/dhcpd restart

	/etc/init.d/cobblerd restart

	;;

status)

	/etc/init.d/httpd status

	/etc/init.d/xinetd status

	/etc/init.d/dhcpd status

	/etc/init.d/cobblerd status

	;;

sync)

	cobbler sync

	;;

*)

	echo "Input error,please in put 'start|stop|restart|status|sync'!";

	exit 2>&1 >/dev/null &

	;;

esac

chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/cobbler

chkconfig cobbler on

service cobbler  restart

7、制作镜像

mkdir -p /data/iso/tmp

rz -be   #上传ios至/data/iso目录

mount -t iso9660 -o loop /data/iso/CentOS-6.6-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso  /data/iso/tmp

#将iso导入到cobber,切记必须切换到/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror执行,该目录开启了http访问

cd /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror

cobbler import --path=/data/iso/tmp  --name=CentOS-6.6-x86_64  --arch=x86_64

8、设置kickstarts安装配置文件

#定制系统安装及脚本设置,重要

#1、不支持中文,切记

#2、不支持bash里面的转义字符

#3、自定义脚本，请使用http的方式执行

cat /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/CentOS-6.6-x86_64.ks

# kickstart template for Fedora 8 and later.

# (includes %end blocks)

# do not use with earlier distros

#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T

# System authorization information

auth  --useshadow  --enablemd5

# System bootloader configuration

bootloader --location=mbr

# Partition clearing information

clearpart --all --initlabel

# Use text mode install

text

# Firewall configuration

firewall --disabled

# Run the Setup Agent on first boot

firstboot --disable

# System keyboard

keyboard us

# System language

lang en_US.UTF-8

# Use network installation

url --url=$tree

# If any cobbler repo definitions were referenced in the kickstart profile, include them here.

$yum_repo_stanza

# Network information

$SNIPPET('network_config')

# Reboot after installation

reboot

#Root password

rootpw --iscrypted $default_password_crypted

# SELinux configuration

selinux --disabled

# Do not configure the X Window System

skipx

# System timezone

timezone  Asia/Shanghai

# Install OS instead of upgrade

install

# Clear the Master Boot Record

zerombr

# Allow anaconda to partition the system as needed

autopart

%pre

$SNIPPET('log_ks_pre')

$SNIPPET('kickstart_start')

$SNIPPET('pre_install_network_config')

# Enable installation monitoring

$SNIPPET('pre_anamon')

%end

%packages

$SNIPPET('func_install_if_enabled')

%end

%post --nochroot

$SNIPPET('log_ks_post_nochroot')

%end

%post

$SNIPPET('log_ks_post')

# Start yum configuration

$yum_config_stanza

# End yum configuration

$SNIPPET('post_install_kernel_options')

$SNIPPET('post_install_network_config')

$SNIPPET('func_register_if_enabled')

$SNIPPET('download_config_files')

$SNIPPET('koan_environment')

$SNIPPET('redhat_register')

$SNIPPET('cobbler_register')

# Enable post-install boot notification

$SNIPPET('post_anamon')

# Start final steps

$SNIPPET('kickstart_done')

# End final steps

# Custom scripts

cd /root

wget http://192.168.166.136/cobbler/ks_mirror/config/custom.sh

sh custom.sh

%end

#设置自定义脚本，用于定制　

[root@VM_166_136 kickstarts]# cat /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/config/custom.sh

#!/bin/bash

date >>/tmp/date.log

cobbler常用命令

#查看当前配置文件

cobbler profile report

#修改profile,默认是/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample_end.ks 配置文件,必须

cobbler profile edit --name=CentOS-6.6-x86_64 --distro=CentOS-6.6-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/CentOS-6.6-x86_64.ks

#指定安装的配置文件,需要时候,才使用

cobbler profile remove --name=CentOS-5.10-x86_64

#查看Cobbler列表

cobbler list

#查看所有参数

cobbler report

#查看配置文件相关参数

cobbler profile report

#查看distro列表

cobbler distro list

#修改cobber 客户端的默认启动项

[root@VM_166_136 kickstarts]# cat /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default

DEFAULT menu

PROMPT 0

MENU TITLE Cobbler | http://cobbler.github.io

TIMEOUT

TOTALTIMEOUT 6000

#ONTIMEOUT local

ONTIMEOUT CentOS-6.6-x86_64

LABEL local

        MENU LABEL (local)

        LOCALBOOT -1

LABEL CentOS-6.6-x86_64

        kernel /images/CentOS-6.6-x86_64/vmlinuz

        MENU LABEL CentOS-6.6-x86_64

        MENU DEFAULT

	append initrd=/images/CentOS-6.6-x86_64/initrd.img ksdevice=bootif lang=  kssendmac text  ks=http://192.168.166.136/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/CentOS-6.6-x86_64

        ipappend 2

MENU end

到这里，新建的虚拟机，已经可以自动安装操作系统了。

9、重新安装系统

在需要重装系统的服务器上安装koan

1.安装epel库

rpm -ivh http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm

2.安装koan

yum -y install koan.noarch

3.查看Cobbler服务器系统镜像列表

koan --list=profiles  --server=192.168.166.136

4.查看Cobbler服务器系统镜像列表

koan --replace-self --server=192.168.166.136 --profile=CentOS-6.6-x86_64

5.重新启动系统进行自动安装

reboot

Kickstart: /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/
cobbler相关配置文件: /etc/cobbler
cobbler数据存储目录: /var/www/cobbler
dhcp配置文件: /etc/dhcpd.conf
dhcp租期缓存文件: /var/lib/dhcpd/dhcpd.leases
pxe配置文件: /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
cobbler日志:
/var/log/cobbler/install.log #客户端系统安装日志
/var/log/cobbler/cobbler.log #cobbler日志

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