上传文件在一个系统当中是一个很常用的功能,也是一个比较重要的功能。今天我们就一起来学习一下Struts2如何上传文件。
今天讲的上传文件的方式有三种:
1,以字节为单位传输文件;
2,Struts2封装的一种方式;
3,以字符的方式传输文件。
其实这三种方式都差不
多,都是将文件先从客户端一临时文件的形式,传输到服务器的临时文件夹下,然后在将该临时文件复制到我们要上传的目录。另外,有一个需要注意,就是上传过
程中产生的这些临时文件,Struts2不会自动清理,所以我们需要手动清理临时文件,这一个下面的代码中有提到。
用Action来完成我们上传的核心功能:
- package com.action;
- import java.io.BufferedReader;
- import java.io.BufferedWriter;
- import java.io.File;
- import java.io.FileInputStream;
- import java.io.FileOutputStream;
- import java.io.InputStreamReader;
- import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
- import java.util.Map;
- import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;
- import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;
- import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
- public class UploadAction extends ActionSupport {
- private File upload;
- private String uploadFileName;
- private String uploadContentType;
- private long maximumSize;
- private String allowedTypes;
- public File getUpload() {
- return upload;
- }
- public void setUpload(File upload) {
- this.upload = upload;
- }
- public String getUploadFileName() {
- return uploadFileName;
- }
- public void setUploadFileName(String uploadFileName) {
- this.uploadFileName = uploadFileName;
- }
- public String getUploadContentType() {
- return uploadContentType;
- }
- public void setUploadContentType(String uploadContentType) {
- this.uploadContentType = uploadContentType;
- }
- public long getMaximumSize() {
- return maximumSize;
- }
- public void setMaximumSize(long maximumSize) {
- this.maximumSize = maximumSize;
- }
- public String getAllowedTypes() {
- return allowedTypes;
- }
- public void setAllowedTypes(String allowedTypes) {
- this.allowedTypes = allowedTypes;
- }
- @Override
- public String execute() throws Exception {
- File uploadFile = new File(ServletActionContext.getServletContext().getRealPath("upload"));
- if(!uploadFile.exists()) {
- uploadFile.mkdir();
- }
- //验证文件大小及格式
- if (maximumSize < upload.length()) {
- return "error";
- }
- boolean flag =false;
- String[] allowedTypesStr = allowedTypes.split(",");
- for (int i = 0; i < allowedTypesStr.length; i++) {
- if (uploadContentType.equals(allowedTypesStr[i])) {
- flag = true;
- }
- }
- if (flag == false) {
- Map request = (Map) ActionContext.getContext().get("request");
- request.put("errorMassage", "文件类型不合法!");
- System.out.println(request.toString());
- return "error";
- }
- //第一种上传方式
- // FileInputStream input = new FileInputStream(upload);
- // FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(uploadFile +"//"+ uploadFileName);
- // try {
- // byte[] b =new byte[1024];
- // int i = 0;
- // while ((i=input.read(b))>0) {
- // out.write(b, 0, i);
- // }
- // } catch (Exception e) {
- // e.printStackTrace();
- // } finally {
- // //关闭输入、输出流
- // input.close();
- // out.close();
- // //删除临时文件
- // upload.delete();
- // }
- //第二种上传方式
- // FileUtils.copyFile(upload, new File(uploadFile+"\\"+uploadFileName));
- // //删除临时文件
- // upload.delete();
- //第三种上传方式
- BufferedReader bReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(upload)));
- BufferedWriter bWriter = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream(uploadFile+"\\"+ uploadFileName)));
- try {
- char [] c =new char[1024];
- int i = 0;
- while ((i = bReader.read(c)) > 0) {
- bWriter.write(c, 0, i);
- }
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } finally {
- bReader.close();
- bWriter.close();
- //删除临时文件
- upload.delete();
- }
- return "success";
- }
- }
在Struts.xml文件中配置我们的Action:
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
- <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
- "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
- "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
- <struts>
- <constant name="struts.action.extension" value=","></constant>
- <!-- 上传文件最大限制(如果为多文件上传,则为多个文件的总大小) -->
- <constant name="struts.multipart.maxSize" value="40000000"></constant>
- <!-- 存放上传文件的临时目录 -->
- <constant name="struts.multipart.saveDir" value="D:\\temp"></constant>
- <package name="upload" namespace="/file" extends="struts-default">
- <action name="upLoad" class="com.action.UploadAction">
- <result name="success">/success.jsp</result>
- <result name="error" >/error.jsp</result>
- <result name = "input" type ="redirect">/index.jsp</result>
- <param name="maximumSize ">1000000</param>
- <param name="allowedTypes">application/msword,application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document,text/plain</param>
- <!--用struts拦截器限制上传文件大小及类型
- <interceptor-ref name="fileUpload">
- 单个文件的大小
- <param name="maximumSize ">1000000</param>
- <param name="allowedTypes">application/msword,application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document,text/plain</param>
- </interceptor-ref>
- <interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"></interceptor-ref>
- -->
- </action>
- </package>
- </struts>
文件上传的页面:
- <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
- pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
- <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
- <html>
- <head>
- <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
- <title>上传文件</title>
- </head>
- <body>
- <!-- enctype="multipart/form-data"不对字符编码。在使用包含文件上传控件的表单时,必须使用该值。 -->
- <form action="file/upLoad" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
- <input name="upload" type="file">
- <input name="btnUpload" type="submit" value="上传">
- </form>
- </body>
- </html>
上传文件之前,通常要判断一下文件的大小及类型,上面有两种方式来验证,一种是在Action里验证,一种是通过Struts2的拦截器验证。两者选其一,选择一个把另一个注释掉即可。
另外,还有一个需要注意:上传文件页面中form的enctype属性值,一定要设置成"multipart/form-data",否则就会出错。