在一组文件中查找文本的更简洁方法是什么？

I currently use the following command, but it's a little unwieldy to type. What's a shorter alternative?

我目前使用以下命令,但输入有点笨拙。什么是更短的选择?

find . -name '*.txt' -exec grep 'sometext' '{}' \; -print

Here are my requirements:

这是我的要求:

limit to a file extension (I use SVN and don't want to be searching through all those .svn directories)

限制文件扩展名(我使用SVN,不想搜索所有这些.svn目录)

can default to the current directory, but it's nice to be able to specify a different directory

可以默认为当前目录,但能够指定不同的目录是很好的

must be recursive

必须是递归的

UPDATE: Here's my best solution so far:

更新:到目前为止,这是我最好的解决方案:

grep -r 'sometext' * --include='*.txt'

UPDATE #2: After using grep for a bit, I realized that I like the output of my first method better. So, I followed the suggestions of several responders and simply made a shell script and now I call that with two parameters (extension and text to find).

更新#2:在使用grep之后,我意识到我更喜欢第一种方法的输出。所以,我按照几个响应者的建议,简单地制作了一个shell脚本,现在我用两个参数(扩展名和要查找的文本)调用它。

9 个解决方案

#1

grep has -r (recursive) and --include (to search only in files and directories matching a pattern).

grep具有-r(递归)和--include(仅搜索与模式匹配的文件和目录)。

#2

If its too unweildy, write a script that does it and put it in your personal bin directory. I have a 'fif' script which searches source files for text, basically just doing a single find like you have here:

如果它太不合适,请编写一个执行此操作的脚本并将其放入您的个人bin目录中。我有一个'fif'脚本搜索源文件中的文本,基本上只是像你在这里做一个查找:

#!/bin/bash

set -f  # disable pathname expansion

pattern="-iname *.[chsyl] -o -iname *.[ch]pp -o -iname *.hh -o -iname *.cc
-o -iname *.java -o -iname *.inl"
prune=""
moreargs=true
while $moreargs && [ $# -gt 0 ]; do
    case $1 in
    -h)
        pattern="-iname *.h -o -iname *.hpp -o -iname *.hh"
        shift
        ;;
    -prune)
        prune="-name $2 -prune -false -o $prune"
        shift
        shift
        ;;
    *)
        moreargs=false;
        ;;
    esac
done

find . $prune $pattern | sed 's/ /\\ /g' | xargs grep "$@"

it started life as a single-line script and got features added over the years as I needed them.

它起源于单行脚本,并且在我需要的时候添加了多年来添加的功能。

#3

This is much more efficient since it invokes grep many fewer times, though it's hard to say it's more succinct:

这样效率要高得多,因为它调用grep的次数要少很多,尽管很难说它更简洁:

find . -name '*.txt' -print0 | xargs -0 grep 'sometext' /dev/null

Notes:

/find -print0 and xargs -0 makes pathnames with embedded blanks work correctly.

/ find -print0和xargs -0使具有嵌入空格的路径名正常工作。

The /dev/null argument makes sure grep always prepends a filename.

/ dev / null参数确保grep始终包含文件名。

#4

Install ack and use

安装确认并使用

ack -aG'\.txt$' 'sometext'

#5

I second ephemient's suggestion of ack. I'm writing this post to highlight a particular issue.

我第二次提出了ack的建议。我写这篇文章是为了突出一个特定的问题。

In response to jgormley (in the comments): ack is available as a single file which will work wherever the right Perl version is installed (which is everywhere).

回应jgormley(在评论中):ack作为单个文件提供,可以在安装了正确的Perl版本的任何地方使用(无处不在)。

Given that on non-Linux platforms grep regularly does not accept -R, arguably using ack is more portable.

鉴于在非Linux平台上,grep经常不接受-R,可以说使用ack更具可移植性。

#6

I use zsh, which has recursive globbing. If you needed to look at specific filetypes, the following would be equivalent to your example:

我使用zsh,它有递归的globbing。如果您需要查看特定的文件类型,以下内容将等同于您的示例:

grep 'sometext' **/*.txt

If you don't care about the filetype, the -r option will be better:

如果你不关心文件类型,-r选项会更好:

grep -r 'sometext' *

Although, A minor tweak to your original example will give you exactly what you want:

虽然,对原始示例的一个小调整将为您提供您想要的内容:

find . -name '*.txt' \! -wholename '*/.svn/*' -exec grep 'sometext' '{}' \; -print

If this is something you do frequently, make it a function (put this in your shell config):

如果你经常这样做,那就把它变成一个函数(把它放在你的shell配置中):

function grep_no_svn {
    find . -name "${2:-*}" \! -wholename '*/.svn/*' -exec grep "$1" '{}' \; -print
}

Where the first argument to the function is the text you're searching for. So:

函数的第一个参数是您要搜索的文本。所以:

$ grep_here_no_svn "sometext"

Or:

$ grep_here_no_svn "sometext" "*.txt"

#7

You could write a script (in bash or whatever -- I have one in Groovy) and place it on the path. E.g.

你可以写一个脚本(用bash或其他什么 - 我在Groovy中有一个)并将它放在路径上。例如。

$ myFind.sh txt targetString

where myFind.sh is:

myFind.sh在哪里:

find . -name "*.$1" -exec grep $2 {} \; -print

#8

I usualy avoid the "man find" by using grep $(find . -name "*,txt")

我通常使用grep $(find。-name“*,txt”)来避免“man find”

#9

You say that you like the output of your method (using find) better. The only difference I can see between them is that grepping multiple files will put the filename on the front.

你说你更喜欢你的方法的输出(使用find)。我可以在它们之间看到的唯一区别是,grepping多个文件会将文件名放在前面。

You can always (in GNU grep, but you must be using that or -r and --include wouldn't work) turn the filename off by using -h (--no-filename). The opposite, for anyone who does want filenames but has to use find for some other reason, is -H (--with-filename).

你可以随时(在GNU grep中,但你必须使用它或-r并且--include不起作用)通过使用-h( - no-filename)关闭文件名。相反,对于任何想要文件名但由于某些其他原因必须使用find的人来说,是-H( - with-filename)。

#1