Android学习笔记--存储方案(SharedPreference、文件IO)

时间:2022-01-20 22:58:55

1. SharedPreference

SharedPreference可以很容易的保存key-value对,通常用于保存配置信息。
保存的步骤

1. 获得SharedPreferences对象  (最后一个参数指定了文件的建立模式,设置文件属性)
  SharedPreferences mySharedPreference = getSharedPreferences(PREFERENCE_NAME, Activity.MODE_PRIVATE);
2. 获得SharedPreferences.Editor对象
  SharedPreferences.Editor editor = mySharedPreference.edit();
3. 保存组件中的值
  editor.putString("name",edtname.getText().toString());
  editor.putInt("age",Integer.valueOf(edtage.getText().toString()));
4. 提交保存的结果
  editor.commit();

demo界面如下,实现的功能:点击保存信息将姓名、年龄保存。重启demo后,点击显示信息,将之前保存的内容显示到界面。
Android学习笔记--存储方案(SharedPreference、文件IO)

MainActivity.java

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.SharedPreferences;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v7.app.ActionBarActivity;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.Toast; public class MainActivity extends ActionBarActivity {
//SharedPreference可以很容易的保存key-value对,因此通常用于保存配置信息
//SharedPreference会将key-value对保存在survey.xml文件中
private final String PREFERENCE_NAME = "survey";
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
final EditText edtname = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.edt1);
final EditText edtage = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.edt2);
Button btn1 = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btn1);
Button btn2 = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btn2);
btn1.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener(){
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
//1. 获得SharedPreferences对象 (最后一个参数指定了文件的建立模式,设置文件属性)
SharedPreferences mySharedPreference = getSharedPreferences(PREFERENCE_NAME, Activity.MODE_PRIVATE);
//2. 获得SharedPreferences.Editor对象
SharedPreferences.Editor editor = mySharedPreference.edit();
//3. 保存组件中的值
editor.putString("name",edtname.getText().toString());
editor.putInt("age",Integer.valueOf(edtage.getText().toString()));
//4. 提交保存的结果
editor.commit(); Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "信息已保存", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}); btn2.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener(){
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
//获得SharedPreferences对象
SharedPreferences mySharedPreference = getSharedPreferences(PREFERENCE_NAME, Activity.MODE_PRIVATE);
//获得保存的值
String name = mySharedPreference.getString("name", "");
int age = mySharedPreference.getInt("age", 0);
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "姓名:"+name+" 年龄:"+age, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); edtname.setText(name);
edtage.setText(String.valueOf(age));
}
});
} @Override
protected void onStop(){
super.onStop();
}
}

activity_main.xml

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
android:orientation="vertical"
tools:context="com.example.andtest008sharedpreferences.MainActivity" > <TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="姓名" />
<EditText
android:id="@+id/edt1"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:hint = "请输入姓名"
/>
<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="年龄" />
<EditText
android:id="@+id/edt2"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:hint = "请输入年龄"
/>
<Button
android:id = "@+id/btn1"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="保存信息"
/>
<Button
android:id = "@+id/btn2"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="显示信息"
/>
</LinearLayout>

2.文件IO

使用的工具OutputStream/InputStream

向file.txt写入内容
OutputStream outer = openFileOutput("file.txt",Activity.MODE_PRIVATE);

读取file.txt的内容
InputStream inner = openFileInput("file.txt");

package com.evor.test;

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream; import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v7.app.ActionBarActivity;
import android.widget.TextView; public class MainActivity extends ActionBarActivity { @Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); try {
//向文件写入内容
OutputStream outer = openFileOutput("file.txt",Activity.MODE_PRIVATE);
String str = "Test:这是一行测试文字!!";
outer.write(str.getBytes("utf-8"));
outer.close(); //读取文件的内容,并显示在textView
InputStream inner = openFileInput("file.txt");
byte[] buffer = new byte[100];
int bytecount = inner.read(buffer);
String str2 = new String(buffer,0,bytecount,"utf-8");
TextView view = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.showtxt);
view.setText(str2);
inner.close(); } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} }
}

activity_main.xml

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
tools:context="com.evor.test.MainActivity" > <TextView
android:id="@+id/showtxt"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
/> </RelativeLayout>