Python3学习笔记(十一):函数参数详解

时间:2022-12-11 22:28:11

一、位置参数


根据参数的位置来传递参数,调用函数时,传递的参数顺序和个数必须和定义时完全一致

# 定义函数
def man(name, age):
print("My name is %s,I am %d years old." % (name, age)) # 调用函数
>>> man('eastonliu',32)
My name is eastonliu,I am 32 years old. # 调用时传入的参数顺序必须和定义时一致 >>> man(32, 'eastonliu')
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#0>", line 1, in <module>
man(32, 'eastonliu')
File "C:/Users/lmj/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python36/2.py", line 2, in man
print("My name is %s,I am %d years old." % (name, age))
TypeError: %d format: a number is required, not str # 调用时传入的参数个数必须和定义时一致
>>> man("eastonliu")
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#3>", line 1, in <module>
man("eastonliu")
TypeError: man() missing 1 required positional argument: 'age'

二、默认参数


定义函数时,为参数提供默认值,调用函数时,可传可不传该默认参数的值。如果不传就取默认值,传了的话就取传入的值。定义和调用函数时,所有位置参数必须在默认参数前面

# 正确的定义方式
def man(name, age=18):
print("My name is %s,I am %s years old." % (name, age)) # 错误的定义方式
def man(age=18, name):
print("My name is %s,I am %s years old." % (age, name)) # 调用时默认参数不传则取默认参数
>>> man("eastonliu")
My name is eastonliu,I am 18 years old. # 调用时默认参数传值则取传入的值
>>> man("eastonliu",32)
My name is eastonliu,I am 32 years old.

三、关键字参数


调用函数时,通过“键-值”形式指定参数

# 定义函数
def man(name, age):
print("My name is %s,I am %d years old." % (name, age)) # 调用函数
>>> man(name="eastonliu",age=32)
My name is eastonliu,I am 32 years old. # 关键字参数不分顺序
>>> man(age=32, name="eastonliu")
My name is eastonliu,I am 32 years old. # 位置参数必须在关键字参数前面
>>> man("eastonliu",age=32)
My name is eastonliu,I am 32 years old. >>> man(name="eastonliu",32)
SyntaxError: positional argument follows keyword argument

四、参数收集


在函数定义的时候,用*和**来收集位置参数和关键字参数,这样用户在调用函数时,可以给函数提供任意多的参数

1、收集位置参数

def print_params(*params):
print(params) # 调用
>>> print_params(1,2,3,4,5)
(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)

2、收集关键字参数

def print_params(**params):
print(params) # 调用
>>> print_params(x=1,y=2,z=3)
{'x': 1, 'y': 2, 'z': 3} # 联合使用
def print_params(x,y,z=6,*pospar,**keypar):
print(x,y,z)
print(pospar)
print(keypar) >>> print_params(1,2,3,8,9,10,foo=12,bar=16)
1 2 3
(8, 9, 10)
{'foo': 12, 'bar': 16}

五、参数解包


在调用函数的时候,使用*和**来解包元组或字典形式参数

def add_demo(a,b,c)
print(a+b+c)
# 解包元组
>>> params=(1,2,3)
>>> add_demo(*params)
6
# 解包字典
>>> d = {'a':1,'b':2,'c':3}
>>> add_demo(**d)
6