Django网站制作

时间：2022-11-04 21:49:53

创建mysite目录

django-admin.py startproject mysite这个命令作用是:这将创建在当前目录创建一个mysite目录

前提是从命令行上cd到你想储存你代码的目录,然后生成各种子目录.

Django网站制作

首先需要注意的是文件目录

Django网站制作

这里面的文件大致作用:

  • books这个 文件夹存放的是新建数据库的各种信息
  • books/templates这个目录下装的是网页的布局,当然这个网页的布局就是show.html所提供
  • books/views.py定义函数,并且把show.html引入进去,文件内容如下:
from django.shortcuts import render,render_to_response

from django.template import loader

from books import models

# Create your views here.

def show(request):

    # publisher_list = [{'name':"gongye",'city':'beijing'}]

    publisher_list = models.Publisher.objects.all()

    return render_to_response('show.html',{'publisher_list':publisher_list})
  • books/models.py文件存放的是你所创建的数据库,代码如下:
#coding=utf-8

from __future__ import unicode_literals

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.

class Publisher(models.Model):

    name = models.CharField(max_length = 30)

    address = models.CharField(max_length = 50)

    city = models.CharField(max_length = 60)

    state_province = models.CharField(max_length = 30)

    country = models.CharField(max_length = 50)

    website = models.URLField()

# __unicode__这个函数用来返回某个值可以很好的用于查询和admin界面的显示

    def __unicode__(self):

        return self.name

class Author(models.Model):

    first_name = models.CharField(max_length = 30)

    last_name = models.CharField(max_length = 40)

    email = models.EmailField(blank = True,verbose_name = 'e-mail')

    def __unicode__(self):

        return u'%s %s'%(self.first_name,self.last_name)

class Book(models.Model):

    title = models.CharField(max_length = 100)

    author = models.ManyToManyField(Author)

    publisher = models.ForeignKey(Publisher)

    publication_date = models.DateField(blank = True,null = True)

    def __unicode__(self):

        return self.title

  • books下其他的文件就是在创建的过程中自己产生的.

  • website/templates文件里存放的是各种显示的静态网页布局,这么多html文件,只要你在访问测试的时候,端口号后面加上html的文件名字就行.比如,我要访问templates/base.html文件,输入网址:localhost:8000/base就可以.

  • website/settings.py文件是Django的设置文档,里面的INSTALLED_APPS添加多个应用,比如这里面我九添加了books应用,代码如下:

INSTALLED_APPS = [

    'django.contrib.admin',

    'django.contrib.auth',

    'django.contrib.contenttypes',

    'django.contrib.sessions',

    'django.contrib.messages',

    'django.contrib.staticfiles',

    'books',

]

增加模板文件夹,能够引入templates,代码如下:(同样都是在settings中修改)

TEMPLATES = [

    {

        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',

        'DIRS': ['templates'],

        'APP_DIRS': True,

        'OPTIONS': {

            'context_processors': [

                'django.template.context_processors.debug',

                'django.template.context_processors.request',

                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',

                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',

            ],

        },

    },

]
  • website/urls.py作用是引导url(资源管理器),代码如下:
#coding=utf-8

"""website URL Configuration

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:

    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/topics/http/urls/

Examples:

Function views

    1. Add an import:  from my_app import views

    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', views.home, name='home')

Class-based views

    1. Add an import:  from other_app.views import Home

    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^$', Home.as_view(), name='home')

Including another URLconf

    1. Import the include() function: from django.conf.urls import url, include

    2. Add a URL to urlpatterns:  url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls'))

"""

from django.conf.urls import *

from django.contrib import admin

from website.views import *

urlpatterns = patterns('website.views',

    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),

    (r'^$','my_homepage_view'),

    (r'^hello/$','hello'),

    (r'^time/$','current_datetime'),#显示当前时间

    (r'^time/plus/(\d{1,2})/$','hour_ahead'),#显示几小时后的时间

    (r'xiaomi/$','xiaomi'),

    (r'name/$','name'),

    (r'meta/$','display_meta'),

    )

urlpatterns += patterns('books.views',

    url(r'^show/','show'),

    url(r'search_form/$','search_form'),

    url(r'search/$','search'),

)

注意: urls.py与views.py文件是对应的,在views.py中定义函数,一定要添加到urls.py中去.

  • website/views.py文件是定义各种函数,便于使用,代码如下:
#coding=utf-8

from django.http import HttpResponse

import datetime

from django.template import loader

from django.shortcuts import render,render_to_response

def hello(request):

    return HttpResponse("Hello World")

def my_homepage_view(request):

    return HttpResponse("你好")

def current_datetime(request):

    now = datetime.datetime.now()

    html = "<html><body>It is now %s.</body></html>"%now

    return HttpResponse(html)

def hour_ahead(request,offset): #定义函数，这个函数名在urls.py文件中必须存在

    offset = int(offset)

    dt = datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(hours = offset)

    html = "<html><body>In %s hour(s),it will be %s.</body></html>"%(offset,dt)

    return HttpResponse(html)

def xiaomi(request):

    t = loader.get_template("xiaomi.html")

    html = t.render({})

    return HttpResponse(html)

d = {'name':'zhangsan','age':'15'}  #可以引入字典

l = ['zhangsan','14']  #引入列表

#定义变量

class A:

    age = 11

a = A()

#定义函数

def fun():

    return "hello"

def name(request):

    today = 1 #1代表判断正确，输出结果；0代表错误，不输出结果

    #name_list = ['zhangsan','lisi','wangwu','zhanba']

    name_list = []

    t = loader.get_template("name.html")

    #html = t.render({'name':'zhangjianwei'}) #直接加入值

    #html = t.render({'name':fun})  #引用函数

    html = t.render({'name':fun,'today_is_weekend':today,'athlete_list':name_list})

    return HttpResponse(html)

def display_meta(request):

    values = request.META.items()

    values.sort()

    html= []

    path = request.path

    for (k,v) in values:

        html.append((k,v))

    return render_to_response('meta.html',{'meta_data':html,'request_path':path})

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