Java 实现Http协议
HTTP协议属于应用层协议,它构建于TCP和IP协议之上,处于TCP/IP协议架构层的顶端,所以,它不用处理下层协议间诸如丢包补发、握手及数据的分段及重新组装等繁琐的细节,使开发人员可以专注于应用业务。
协议是通信的规范,为了更好的理解HTTP协议,我们可以基于Java的Socket API接口,通过设计一个简单的应用层通信协议,来简单分析下协议实现的过程和细节。
在我们今天的示例程序中,客户端会向服务端发送一条命令,服务端在接收到命令后,会判断命令是否是“HELLO”,如果是“HELLO”, 则服务端返回给客户端的响应为“hello”,否则,服务端返回给客户端的响应为“bye bye”。
我们接下来用Java实现这个简单的应用层通信协议,
一、协议请求的定义
协议的请求主要包括:编码、命令和命令长度三个字段。
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package com.binghe.params;
/**
* 协议请求的定义
* @author binghe
*
*/
public class Request {
/**
* 协议编码
*/
private byte encode;
/**
* 命令
*/
private String command;
/**
* 命令长度
*/
private int commandLength;
public Request() {
super ();
}
public Request( byte encode, String command, int commandLength) {
super ();
this .encode = encode;
this .command = command;
this .commandLength = commandLength;
}
public byte getEncode() {
return encode;
}
public void setEncode( byte encode) {
this .encode = encode;
}
public String getCommand() {
return command;
}
public void setCommand(String command) {
this .command = command;
}
public int getCommandLength() {
return commandLength;
}
public void setCommandLength( int commandLength) {
this .commandLength = commandLength;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Request [encode=" + encode + ", command=" + command
+ ", commandLength=" + commandLength + "]" ;
}
}
|
二、响应协议的定义
协议的响应主要包括:编码、响应内容和响应长度三个字段。
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package com.binghe.params;
/**
* 协议响应的定义
* @author binghe
*
*/
public class Response {
/**
* 编码
*/
private byte encode;
/**
* 响应内容
*/
private String response;
/**
* 响应长度
*/
private int responseLength;
public Response() {
super ();
}
public Response( byte encode, String response, int responseLength) {
super ();
this .encode = encode;
this .response = response;
this .responseLength = responseLength;
}
public byte getEncode() {
return encode;
}
public void setEncode( byte encode) {
this .encode = encode;
}
public String getResponse() {
return response;
}
public void setResponse(String response) {
this .response = response;
}
public int getResponseLength() {
return responseLength;
}
public void setResponseLength( int responseLength) {
this .responseLength = responseLength;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Response [encode=" + encode + ", response=" + response
+ ", responseLength=" + responseLength + "]" ;
}
}
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三、编码常量定义
编码常量的定义主要包括UTF-8和GBK两种编码。
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package com.binghe.constant;
/**
* 常量类
* @author binghe
*
*/
public final class Encode {
//UTF-8编码
public static final byte UTF8 = 1 ;
//GBK编码
public static final byte GBK = 2 ;
}
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四、客户端的实现
客户端先构造一个request请求,通过Socket接口将其发送到远端,并接收远端的响应信息,并构造成一个Response对象。
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package com.binghe.protocol.client;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.Socket;
import com.binghe.constant.Encode;
import com.binghe.params.Request;
import com.binghe.params.Response;
import com.binghe.utils.ProtocolUtils;
/**
* 客户端代码
* @author binghe
*
*/
public final class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException{
//请求
Request request = new Request();
request.setCommand( "HELLO" );
request.setCommandLength(request.getCommand().length());
request.setEncode(Encode.UTF8);
Socket client = new Socket( "127.0.0.1" , 4567 );
OutputStream out = client.getOutputStream();
//发送请求
ProtocolUtils.writeRequest(out, request);
//读取响应数据
InputStream in = client.getInputStream();
Response response = ProtocolUtils.readResponse(in);
System.out.println( "获取的响应结果信息为: " + response.toString());
}
}
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五、服务端的实现
服务端接收客户端的请求,根据接收命令的不同,响应不同的消息信息,如果是“HELLO”命令,则响应“hello”信息,否则响应“bye bye”信息。
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package com.binghe.protocol.server;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
import com.binghe.constant.Encode;
import com.binghe.params.Request;
import com.binghe.params.Response;
import com.binghe.utils.ProtocolUtils;
/**
* Server端代码
* @author binghe
*
*/
public final class Server {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException{
ServerSocket server = new ServerSocket( 4567 );
while ( true ) {
Socket client = server.accept();
//读取请求数据
InputStream input = client.getInputStream();
Request request = ProtocolUtils.readRequest(input);
System.out.println( "收到的请求参数为: " + request.toString());
OutputStream out = client.getOutputStream();
//组装响应数据
Response response = new Response();
response.setEncode(Encode.UTF8);
if ( "HELLO" .equals(request.getCommand())){
response.setResponse( "hello" );
} else {
response.setResponse( "bye bye" );
}
response.setResponseLength(response.getResponse().length());
ProtocolUtils.writeResponse(out, response);
}
}
}
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六、ProtocolUtils工具类的实现
ProtocolUtils
的readRequest
方法将从传递进来的输入流中读取请求的encode
、command
和commandLength
三个参数,进行相应的编码转化,构造成Request
对象返回。而writeResponse
方法则是将response
对象的字段根据对应的编码写入到响应的输出流中。
有一个细节需要重点注意:OutputStream
中直接写入一个int类型,会截取其低8位,丢弃其高24位,所以,在传递和接收数据时,需要进行相应的转化操作。
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package com.binghe.utils;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import com.binghe.constant.Encode;
import com.binghe.params.Request;
import com.binghe.params.Response;
/**
* 协议工具类
* @author binghe
*
*/
public final class ProtocolUtils {
/**
* 从输入流中反序列化Request对象
* @param input
* @return
* @throws IOException
*/
public static Request readRequest(InputStream input) throws IOException{
//读取编码
byte [] encodeByte = new byte [ 1 ];
input.read(encodeByte);
byte encode = encodeByte[ 0 ];
//读取命令长度
byte [] commandLengthBytes = new byte [ 4 ];
input.read(commandLengthBytes);
int commandLength = ByteUtils.byte2Int(commandLengthBytes);
//读取命令
byte [] commandBytes = new byte [commandLength];
input.read(commandBytes);
String command = "" ;
if (Encode.UTF8 == encode){
command = new String(commandBytes, "UTF-8" );
} else if (Encode.GBK == encode){
command = new String(commandBytes, "GBK" );
}
//组装请求返回
Request request = new Request(encode, command, commandLength);
return request;
}
/**
* 从输入流中反序列化Response对象
* @param input
* @return
* @throws IOException
*/
public static Response readResponse(InputStream input) throws IOException{
//读取编码
byte [] encodeByte = new byte [ 1 ];
input.read(encodeByte);
byte encode = encodeByte[ 0 ];
//读取响应长度
byte [] responseLengthBytes = new byte [ 4 ];
input.read(responseLengthBytes);
int responseLength = ByteUtils.byte2Int(responseLengthBytes);
//读取命令
byte [] responseBytes = new byte [responseLength];
input.read(responseBytes);
String response = "" ;
if (Encode.UTF8 == encode){
response = new String(responseBytes, "UTF-8" );
} else if (Encode.GBK == encode){
response = new String(responseBytes, "GBK" );
}
//组装请求返回
Response resp = new Response(encode, response, responseLength);
return resp;
}
/**
* 序列化请求信息
* @param output
* @param response
*/
public static void writeRequest(OutputStream output, Request request) throws IOException{
//将response响应返回给客户端
output.write(request.getEncode());
//output.write(response.getResponseLength());直接write一个int类型会截取低8位传输丢弃高24位
output.write(ByteUtils.int2ByteArray(request.getCommandLength()));
if (Encode.UTF8 == request.getEncode()){
output.write(request.getCommand().getBytes( "UTF-8" ));
} else if (Encode.GBK == request.getEncode()){
output.write(request.getCommand().getBytes( "GBK" ));
}
output.flush();
}
/**
* 序列化响应信息
* @param output
* @param response
*/
public static void writeResponse(OutputStream output, Response response) throws IOException{
//将response响应返回给客户端
output.write(response.getEncode());
//output.write(response.getResponseLength());直接write一个int类型会截取低8位传输丢弃高24位
output.write(ByteUtils.int2ByteArray(response.getResponseLength()));
if (Encode.UTF8 == response.getEncode()){
output.write(response.getResponse().getBytes( "UTF-8" ));
} else if (Encode.GBK == response.getEncode()){
output.write(response.getResponse().getBytes( "GBK" ));
}
output.flush();
}
}
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七、ByteUtils类的实现
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package com.binghe.utils;
/**
* 字节转化工具类
* @author binghe
*
*/
public final class ByteUtils {
/**
* 将byte数组转化为int数字
* @param bytes
* @return
*/
public static int byte2Int( byte [] bytes){
int num = bytes[ 3 ] & 0xFF ;
num |= ((bytes[ 2 ] << 8 ) & 0xFF00 );
num |= ((bytes[ 1 ] << 16 ) & 0xFF0000 );
num |= ((bytes[ 0 ] << 24 ) & 0xFF000000 );
return num;
}
/**
* 将int类型数字转化为byte数组
* @param num
* @return
*/
public static byte [] int2ByteArray( int i){
byte [] result = new byte [ 4 ];
result[ 0 ] = ( byte )(( i >> 24 ) & 0xFF );
result[ 1 ] = ( byte )(( i >> 16 ) & 0xFF );
result[ 2 ] = ( byte )(( i >> 8 ) & 0xFF );
result[ 3 ] = ( byte )(i & 0xFF );
return result;
}
}
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原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/l1028386804/article/details/117154518