selenium元素和浏览器操作

时间：2021-04-05 21:26:16
  • click和clear
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait

import time

browser = webdriver.Chrome()

browser.get('https://www.baidu.cn/')

wait = WebDriverWait(browser, 10)

input_tag = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'twotabsearchtextbox')))

input_tag.send_keys('iphone 8')

button = browser.find_element_by_css_selector('#nav-search > form > div.nav-right > div > input')

button.click()

time.sleep(3)

input_tag = browser.find_element_by_id('twotabsearchtextbox')

input_tag.clear()  # 清空输入框

input_tag.send_keys('iphone7plus')

button = browser.find_element_by_css_selector('#nav-search > form > div.nav-right > div > input')

button.click()
  • ActionChains
from selenium import webdriver

from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains

from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait

import time

driver = webdriver.Chrome()

driver.get('http://www.runoob.com/try/try.php?filename=jqueryui-api-droppable')

wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 3)

try:

    driver.switch_to.frame('iframeResult')  # 切换到iframeResult

    sourse = driver.find_element_by_id('draggable')

    target = driver.find_element_by_id('droppable')

    # 方式一：基于同一个动作链串行执行

    # actions=ActionChains(driver) #拿到动作链对象

    # actions.drag_and_drop(sourse,target) #把动作放到动作链中，准备串行执行

    # actions.perform()

    # 方式二：不同的动作链，每次移动的位移都不同

    ActionChains(driver).click_and_hold(sourse).perform()

    distance = target.location['x'] - sourse.location['x']

    track = 0

    while track < distance:

        ActionChains(driver).move_by_offset(xoffset=2, yoffset=0).perform()

        track += 2

    ActionChains(driver).release().perform()

    time.sleep(10)

finally:

    driver.close()
  • 自定义JS
from selenium import webdriver

try:

    browser = webdriver.Chrome()

    browser.get('https://www.baidu.com')

    browser.execute_script('alert("hello world")')  # 打印警告

finally:

    browser.close()
  • 切换iframe
from selenium import webdriver

try:

    browser = webdriver.Chrome()

    browser.get('http://www.runoob.com/try/try.php?filename=jqueryui-api-droppable')

    browser.switch_to.frame('iframeResult')  # 切换到id为iframeResult的frame

    tag1 = browser.find_element_by_id('droppable')

    print(tag1)

    # tag2=browser.find_element_by_id('textareaCode') #报错，在子frame里无法查看到父frame的元素

    browser.switch_to.parent_frame()  # 切回父frame,就可以查找到了

    tag2 = browser.find_element_by_id('textareaCode')

    print(tag2)

finally:

    browser.close()
  • 显示等待和隐式等待
    • 隐式等待：在browser.get（'xxx'）前就设置，针对所有元素有效
browser.implicitly_wait(10)
  • 显式等待：在browser.get（'xxx'）之后设置，只针对某个元素有效
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait

wait=WebDriverWait(browser,10)

wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID,'content_left')))
  • 获取标签属性
from selenium import webdriver

from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait

browser = webdriver.Chrome()

browser.get('https://www.amazon.cn/')

wait = WebDriverWait(browser, 10)

wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'cc-lm-tcgShowImgContainer')))

tag = browser.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, '#cc-lm-tcgShowImgContainer img')

# 获取标签属性，

print(tag.get_attribute('src'))

# 获取标签ID，位置，名称，大小

print(tag.id)

print(tag.location)

print(tag.tag_name)

print(tag.size)

browser.close()

浏览器操作

  • 浏览器前进后退
browser.back()

browser.forward()
  • cookies
from selenium import webdriver

browser=webdriver.Chrome()

browser.get('https://www.zhihu.com/explore')

print(browser.get_cookies())

browser.add_cookie({'k1':'xxx','k2':'yyy'})

print(browser.get_cookies())

# browser.delete_all_cookies()
  • 切换选项卡
import time

from selenium import webdriver

browser=webdriver.Chrome()

browser.get('https://www.baidu.com')

browser.execute_script('window.open()')

print(browser.window_handles) #获取所有的选项卡

browser.switch_to_window(browser.window_handles[1])

browser.get('https://www.taobao.com')

time.sleep(10)

browser.switch_to_window(browser.window_handles[0])

browser.get('https://www.sina.com.cn')

browser.close()
  • 异常处理
from selenium import webdriver

from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException,NoSuchElementException,NoSuchFrameException

try:

    browser=webdriver.Chrome()

    browser.get('http://www.runoob.com/try/try.php?filename=jqueryui-api-droppable')

    browser.switch_to.frame('iframssseResult')

except TimeoutException as e:

    print(e)

except NoSuchFrameException as e:

    print(e)

finally:

    browser.close()

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