本文在uCOS II上增加时间片任务调度的的原理:
对设置为同优先级的任务使用时间片调度,不同优先级任务仍然使用uCOS II的优先级调度策略。在同优先级任务的时间片调度中,所有任务暂时时间片长度固定,时间片的调度使用FIFO(先进先出)队列。
整体的描述参看下图。
上图中假设有3个优先级为5的任务,3个优先级为8的任务。纵向,第一列的OS_TCB形成OSTCBList双向链表(通过OSTCBNext和OSTCBPrev指针,这是原uCOS II系统已经有的部分)。横向,通过OSPSPrev和OSPSNext指针形成时间片链表(实际上是FIFO),这部分是我们在uCOS II上要增加的内容。第一列的任务每当有任务时间片用完后将挪到队列尾,从FIFO中选择下一个任务,这就是本文的时间片调度的过程。总体上看来,不同优先级使用了uCOS II原有的优先级调度策略,相同优先级之间增加了时间片调度策略,因此本文称为“优先级+时间片”联合调度。
下面我们列出实现时间片调度要修改的一些结构和函数,我们可以通过调试跟踪了解uCOS II的机理,从而理解为什么要这么做。
1 修改结构体OS_TCB(ucos_ii.h文件中)
增加4个成员变量用于时间片调度。
struct os_tcb { ... /* 增加下面4个成员 */ struct os_tcb *OSPSNext; /* 同一优先级下,每个任务的后向指针 */ struct os_tcb *OSPSPrev; /* 同一优先级下,每个任务的前向指针 */ INT8U OSPSLen; /* 该任务分配的时间片 */ INT8U OSPSCurLen; /* 该任务当前剩下的时间片 */ } OS_TCB;
2 修改OS_TCBInit任务结构体初始化函数(os_core.c文件)
在OS_TCBInit中增加时间片长度的初始化,我们可以先在os_cfg_r.h中宏定义一个时间片长度用于不同情况下的配置,
#define TIME_SLICE_LEN 10
OS_TCBInit函数中增加结构体成员初始化
ptcb->OSPSLen = TIME_SLICE_LEN; ptcb->OSPSCurLen = TIME_SLICE_LEN; ptcb->OSPSNext = (OS_TCB*)0; ptcb->OSPSPrev = (OS_TCB*)0;
当出现同优先级的情况时,任务控制块插入到时间片链表中而不是优先级链表中,OS_TCBInit函数中要增加将任务插入到时间片链表的过程,我写的一个示例如下:
if (ptcb != (OS_TCB *)0) { ... OSTCBPrioTbl[prio] = ptcb; if (OSTCBList != (OS_TCB *) 0) { /* 不存在同优先级任务, 按照uCOS ii方法链接到OSTCBList */ ptcb->OSTCBNext = OSTCBList; /* Link into TCB chain */ ptcb->OSTCBPrev = (OS_TCB *)0; if (OSTCBList != (OS_TCB *)0) { OSTCBList->OSTCBPrev = ptcb; } OSTCBList = ptcb; OSRdyGrp |= ptcb->OSTCBBitY; /* Make task ready to run */ OSRdyTbl[ptcb->OSTCBY] |= ptcb->OSTCBBitX; } else { /* 出现同优先级情况,链接到时间片链表 */ while(ptcb1->OSPSNext!=(OS_TCB*) 0) { ptcb1=ptcb1->OSPSNext; /* move to the rear of time slice list */ } ptcb1->OSPSNext = ptcb; ptcb->OSPSPrev = ptcb1; ptcb->OSPSNext=(OS_TCB*) 0; ptcb->OSTCBNext = (OS_TCB *)0; ptcb->OSTCBPrev = (OS_TCB *)0; } OSTaskCtr++; /* Increment the #tasks counter */ OS_EXIT_CRITICAL(); return (OS_ERR_NONE); }
增加时间片调度的内容,这是时间片调度的主要部分。给出一个示例:
OSTimeTick (void) { ... OS_TCB *ptcb1; if (OSRunning == TRUE) { ptcb = OSTCBList; /* Point at first TCB in TCB list */ while (ptcb->OSTCBPrio != OS_IDLE_PRIO) { /* Go through all TCBs in TCB list */ OS_ENTER_CRITICAL (); /* delay time out */ ... /* time slice count down */ if (ptcb->OSPSCurLen != 0) { --ptcb->OSPSCurLen; } else { /* time slice out */ /* reload time slice */ ptcb->OSPSCurLen = ptcb->OSPSLen; ptcb1 = ptcb->OSPSNext; if (ptcb1 != (OS_TCB*) 0) { /* there are some tasks with the same priority */ /* (1) link new to priority-level list */ ptcb1->OSTCBNext = ptcb->OSTCBNext; ptcb1->OSTCBPrev = ptcb->OSTCBPrev; if (ptcb->OSTCBNext != (OS_TCB *)0) { ptcb->OSTCBNext->OSTCBPrev = ptcb1; } if (ptcb->OSTCBPrev != (OS_TCB *)0) { ptcb->OSTCBPrev->OSTCBNext = ptcb1; } ptcb->OSTCBPrev = (OS_TCB *)0; ptcb->OSTCBNext = (OS_TCB *)0; /* (2) update OSTCBList if TCBcur is OSTCBList*/ if (ptcb == OSTCBList) { OSTCBList = ptcb1; } /* (3) Compute X, Y, BitX and BitY */ ptcb1->OSTCBY = ptcb1->OSTCBPrio >> 3; ptcb1->OSTCBBitY = OSMapTbl[ptcb1->OSTCBY]; ptcb1->OSTCBX = ptcb1->OSTCBPrio & 0x07; ptcb1->OSTCBBitX = OSMapTbl[ptcb1->OSTCBX]; /* (4) set task to be ready */ if (ptcb1->OSTCBDly == 0) { OSRdyGrp |= OSMapTbl[ptcb1->OSTCBY]; OSRdyTbl[ptcb1->OSTCBY] |= OSMapTbl[ptcb1->OSTCBX]; } /* (5) move ptcb to the rear of queue */ while(ptcb1->OSPSNext!=(OS_TCB*) 0) { ptcb1=ptcb1->OSPSNext; } ptcb1->OSPSNext = ptcb; ptcb->OSPSPrev = ptcb1; ptcb->OSPSNext=(OS_TCB*) 0; /* (6) set OSTCBPrioTbl for Context switch */ OSTCBPrioTbl[ptcb1->OSTCBPrio]=ptcb1; } else { // do nothing } } /* * (7) don't forgot that after time slice * schedule, ptcb->OSTCBNext==NULL */ if (ptcb->OSTCBNext != (OS_TCB*)0) { ptcb = ptcb->OSTCBNext; } else if (ptcb1->OSTCBNext != (OS_TCB*)0) { ptcb = ptcb1->OSTCBNext; } else { break; } OS_EXIT_CRITICAL (); } } }
OK,修改好上面的内容就大致实现了在uCOS II上增加时间片调度的过程,通过修改时间片长度TIME_SLICE_LEN可以验证时间片长度对任务调度的影响。本文 最后在硬件平台STM32F103RB上测试通过,但因为时间片的引入而且未对程序做相关优化,因此时间片调度的实时性提高上还有待完善。