嵌入式linux通过DHCP自动获取IP地址实现

时间:2021-03-09 21:06:02

嵌入式linux通过DHCP自动获取IP地址实现

前提:系统已经实现DNS(即使用ping www.baidu.com测试时能ping通)。

1.  在内核中添加以下选项:

Networking  --->

   [*] Networking support  

      Networking options  ---> 

          <* > Packet socket                 //添加.配置CONFIG_PACKET

          [ * ]     IP: DHCP support         //添加

          [ * ] Network packet filtering (replaces ipchains)  --->    //添加,后面子选项可不选,配置CONFIG_NETFILTER

说明:若没选<* > Packet socket, [ * ] Network packet filtering (replaces ipchains)  --->选项,在执行udhcpc命令时出现如下错误:

~ # udhcpc

udhcpc (v0.9.9-pre) started

udhcpc[208]: udhcpc (v0.9.9-pre) started

 

FATAL: couldn't listen on socket, Address family not supported by protocol

udhcpc[208]: FATAL: couldn't listen on socket, Address family not supported by protocol

2.  Busybox中添加以下选项:

Networking Utilities  --->

   udhcp Server/Client  --->

        [] udhcp Server (udhcpd)       //在此不作服务端,故不选。生成udhcpd命令                             

        [*] udhcp Client (udhcpc)       //生成udhcpc命令                               

        [ ] Lease display utility (dumpleases)                        

        [ ]   Log udhcp messages to syslog (instead of stdout)        

        [ ]   Compile udhcp with noisy debugging messages

busybox没编译相应选项,也可从网上下载相应文件,用arm-linux交叉编译得到udhcpd,udhcpc命令copyusr/sbin下就可以了。

我从 网上  下的udhcp_0.9.8cvs20050303.orig.tar.gz文件

解压后修改Makefile文件

19行添加CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-  

注释12行的COMBINED_BINARY=1,否则不生成udhcpc命令。

3.  建相关配置文件

busyboxexamples/udhcp/copy  simple.script文件到开发板/usr/share/udhcpc/下,并重命名为default.scriptudhcp_0.9.8cvs20050303.orig.tar.gz中也有这样的文件。

[root@localhost root]# vi usr/share/udhcpc/default.script

#!/bin/sh

 

# udhcpc script edited by Tim Riker <Tim@Rikers.org>

 

[ -z "$1" ] && echo "Error: should be called from udhcpc" && exit 1

 

RESOLV_CONF="/etc/resolv.conf"

[ -n "$broadcast" ] && BROADCAST="broadcast $broadcast"

[ -n "$subnet" ] && NETMASK="netmask $subnet"

 

case "$1" in

        deconfig)

                /sbin/ifconfig $interface 0.0.0.0

                ;;

 

        renew|bound)

                /sbin/ifconfig $interface $ip $BROADCAST $NETMASK

 

                if [ -n "$router" ] ; then

                        echo "deleting routers"

                        while route del default gw 0.0.0.0 dev $interface ; do

                                :

                        done

                        for i in $router ; do

                                route add default gw $i dev $interface

                        done

                fi

 

                echo -n > $RESOLV_CONF

                [ -n "$domain" ] && echo search $domain >> $RESOLV_CONF

                for i in $dns ; do

                        echo adding dns $i

                        echo nameserver $i >> $RESOLV_CONF

                done

                ;;

esac

 

exit 0

 

4.  重启开发板,执行udhcpc就可自动获取IP地址了,以下是执行udhcpc的输出信息:

 

~ # udhcpc

udhcpc (v0.9.9-pre) started

udhcpc[228]: udhcpc (v0.9.9-pre) started

 

Sending discover...

udhcpc[228]: Sending discover...

 

Sending select for 192.168.1.109...

udhcpc[228]: Sending select for 192.168.1.109...

 

Lease of 192.168.1.109 obtained, lease time 86400

udhcpc[228]: Lease of 192.168.1.109 obtained, lease time 86400

 

deleting routers

route: SIOC[ADD|DEL]RT: No such process

adding dns 192.168.0.1

~ # ping www.baidu.com

PING www.a.shifen.com (220.181.38.4): 56 data bytes

64 bytes from 220.181.38.4: icmp_seq=0 ttl=52 time=1219.0 ms

[1] + Stopped                    ping www.baidu.com

 

5.  如果是双网卡必须用参数指明

例:udhcpc  -i  eth1 



嵌入式linux中使用 DHCP功能描述

嵌入式linux中使用 DHCP功能描述

 

busybox中udhcpc的默认script脚本地址为
#define DEFAULT_SCRIPT   CONFIG_UDHCPC_DEFAULT_SCRIPT
#define CONFIG_UDHCPC_DEFAULT_SCRIPT "/usr/share/udhcpc/default.script"
我想之所以以它作为默认地址,肯定有他的道理,所以在这个地址上创建它[luther.gliethttp]

luther@gliethttp:/vobs/initramfs$ mkdir usr/share/udhcpc/ -p
luther@gliethttp:/vobs/initramfs$ cp ~/busybox-1.14.3/examples/udhcp/simple.script usr/share/udhcpc/default.script
luther@gliethttp:/vobs/initramfs$ chmod +x usr/share/udhcpc/default.script
在/etc/inittab中加入下面一行语句:
::once:"/sbin/udhcpc >/dev/null 2>&1" # udhcpc会退出,所以不能使用respawn,必须为once,1次,否则将一直出现udhcpc重启log信息
就这样简单的几行ip和dns就能自动获取了[luther.gliethttp]
其实有些东西就可以放在rcS等启动脚本中,有些可以到init脚本中去完成.
# /sbin/udhcpc

 

 

 由于要使用网络通讯,所以不可避免的要用到dhcp。理想的网络通讯方式是下面3种都要支持:

  1,接入已有网络。这便要求可以作为dhcp客户端。

  2,作为DHCP服务器,动态分配IP。

  3,指定固定IP

  第3种情况没有什么好说的,简单说下前2种情况。

  使用步骤:

  (1)在内核的网络项里面把DHCP配置上;

  (2)在busybox里面把[*]udhcp server(udhcpd)

  [*]udhcp client(udhcpc)都选上。

  udhcpd就是终端设备作为DHCP服务器

  udhcpc就是终端设备作为DHCP客户端

  busybox里面对dhcp都已经给出例子了,

  [zhh@localhost busybox-1.14.1]$ ls ./examples/udhcp/

  sample.bound sample.deconfig sample.nak sample.renew sample.script simple.script udhcpd.conf

  比如使用udhcpc时

  就可以直接把simple.script拿来使用,改不改名字都可以,busybox里面默认的目录文件是/usr/share/udhcpc/default.script

  可以查看下帮助

  # udhcpc --help

  BusyBox v1.14.1 (2010-01-22 10:35:16 CST) multi-call binary

  Usage: udhcpc [-Cfbnqtvo] [-c CID] [-V VCLS] [-H HOSTNAME] [-i INTERFACE]

  [-p pidfile] [-r IP] [-s script] [-O dhcp-option]... [-P N]

  -V CLASSID Vendor class identifier

  -i INTERFACE Interface to use (default: eth0)

  -H,-h HOSTNAME Client hostname

  -c CLIENTID Client identifier

  -C Suppress default client identifier

  -p file Create pidfile

  -r IP IP address to request

  -s file Run file at DHCP events (default /usr/share/udhcpc/default.script)

  -t N Send up to N request packets

  -T N Try to get a lease for N seconds (default 3)

  -A N Wait N seconds (default 20) after failure

  -O OPT Request DHCP option OPT (cumulative)

  -o Do not request any options (unless -O is also given)

  -f Run in foreground

  -b Background if lease is not immediately obtained

  -S Log to syslog too

  -n Exit with failure if lease is not immediately obtained

  -q Quit after obtaining lease

  -R Release IP on quit

  -P N Use port N instead of default 68

  -a Use arping to validate offered address

  #

  这样就很好理解了。

  下面就说说使用udhcpd,同样可以直接把busybox自带的udhcpd.conf作为参考,怎么设置该文件就不详述了,去参考相关文档即可。看看udhcpd怎么使用

  # udhcpd --help

  BusyBox v1.14.1 (2010-01-22 10:35:16 CST) multi-call binary

  Usage: udhcpd [-fS] [-P N] [configfile]

  DHCP server

  -f Run in foreground

  -S Log to syslog too

  -P N Use port N instead of default 67

  帮助一目了然。

  我使用的时候直接

  #udhcpd /etc/udhcpd.conf

  即可。

  还有一个租约文件要简要说说,使用udhcpd时会要求建立一个租约文件,按照提示创建一个就行了,它起什么作用呢?就是为了记录客户端所获得的IP,如果没有租约文件,则会重新给客户端分配一个新IP,如果有,则使用原先分配的IP。

http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_6d7e4eba0100r64r.html


嵌入式Linux让网卡IP地址由DHCP获得

我的板子上的嵌入式Linux一启动之后两块网卡(DM9000,CS8900)都分别初始化为:192.168.0.16和:192.168.0.15,而不是通过DHCP自动获得的。通过下面的命令可以让Linux通过DHCP协议配置网卡的IP 地址:
     dhclient eth_device
     其实,通常情况下,只需键入:
     dhclient
     也就可以了。