Scrapy:python3下的第一次运行测试

时间:2022-11-28 20:50:37

1,引言

Scrapy的架构初探》一文讲解了Scrapy的架构,本文就实际来安装运行一下Scrapy爬虫。本文以官网的tutorial作为例子,完整的代码可以在github上下载

2,运行环境配置
  • 本次测试的环境是:Windows10, Python3.4.3 32bit
  • 安装Scrapy :   $ pip install Scrapy                 #实际安装时,由于服务器状态的不稳定,出现好几次中途退出的情况

3,编写运行第一个Scrapy爬虫

3.1. 生成一个新项目:tutorial
$ scrapy startproject tutorial
项目目录结构如下:
Scrapy:python3下的第一次运行测试 
3.2.  定义要抓取的item
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define here the models for your scraped items
#
# See documentation in:
# http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html

import scrapy

class DmozItem(scrapy.Item):
title = scrapy.Field()
link = scrapy.Field()
desc = scrapy.Field()
3.3. 定义Spider
import scrapy
from tutorial.items import DmozItem

class DmozSpider(scrapy.Spider):
name = "dmoz"
allowed_domains = ["dmoz.org"]
start_urls = [
"http://www.dmoz.org/Computers/Programming/Languages/Python/Books/",
"http://www.dmoz.org/Computers/Programming/Languages/Python/Resources/"
]

def parse(self, response):
for sel in response.xpath('//ul/li'):
item = DmozItem()
item['title'] = sel.xpath('a/text()').extract()
item['link'] = sel.xpath('a/@href').extract()
item['desc'] = sel.xpath('text()').extract()
yield item
3.4. 运行
$ scrapy crawl dmoz -o item.json
1) 结果报错: 
   A) ImportError: cannot import name '_win32stdio'

    B) ImportError: No module named 'win32api'

2) 查错过程:查看官方的FAQ * 上的信息,原来是scrapy在python3上测试还不充分,还有小问题。

3) 解决过程:
   A) 需要手工去下载
twisted/internet下的 _win32stdio 和 _pollingfile,存放到python目录的lib\sitepackages\twisted\internet下
   B) 下载并安装pywin32

再次运行,成功!在控制台上可以看到scrapy的输出信息,待运行完成退出后,到项目目录打开结果文件items.json, 可以看到里面以json格式存储的爬取结果

[
{"title": [" About "], "desc": [" ", " "], "link": ["/docs/en/about.html"]},
{"title": [" Become an Editor "], "desc": [" ", " "], "link": ["/docs/en/help/become.html"]},
{"title": [" Suggest a Site "], "desc": [" ", " "], "link": ["/docs/en/add.html"]},
{"title": [" Help "], "desc": [" ", " "], "link": ["/docs/en/help/helpmain.html"]},
{"title": [" Login "], "desc": [" ", " "], "link": ["/editors/"]},
{"title": [], "desc": [" ", " Share via Facebook "], "link": []},
{"title": [], "desc": [" ", " Share via Twitter "], "link": []},
{"title": [], "desc": [" ", " Share via LinkedIn "], "link": []},
{"title": [], "desc": [" ", " Share via e-Mail "], "link": []},
{"title": [], "desc": [" ", " "], "link": []},
{"title": [], "desc": [" ", " "], "link": []},
{"title": [" About "], "desc": [" ", " "], "link": ["/docs/en/about.html"]},
{"title": [" Become an Editor "], "desc": [" ", " "], "link": ["/docs/en/help/become.html"]},
{"title": [" Suggest a Site "], "desc": [" ", " "], "link": ["/docs/en/add.html"]},
{"title": [" Help "], "desc": [" ", " "], "link": ["/docs/en/help/helpmain.html"]},
{"title": [" Login "], "desc": [" ", " "], "link": ["/editors/"]},
{"title": [], "desc": [" ", " Share via Facebook "], "link": []},
{"title": [], "desc": [" ", " Share via Twitter "], "link": []},
{"title": [], "desc": [" ", " Share via LinkedIn "], "link": []},
{"title": [], "desc": [" ", " Share via e-Mail "], "link": []},
{"title": [], "desc": [" ", " "], "link": []},
{"title": [], "desc": [" ", " "], "link": []}
]

第一次运行scrapy的测试成功

4,接下来的工作

接下来,我们将使用GooSeeker API来实现网络爬虫,省掉对每个item人工去生成和测试xpath的工作量。目前有2个计划:
  • 在gsExtractor中封装一个方法:从xslt内容中自动提取每个item的xpath
  • 从gsExtractor的提取结果中自动提取每个item的结果

具体选择哪个方案,将在接下来的实验中确定,并发布到gsExtractor新版本中

5,文档修改历史 2016-06-16:V1.0,首次发布