Linq 多表连接查询join

时间:2021-01-22 19:08:37

在查询语言中,通常需要使用联接操作。在 LINQ 中,可以通过 join 子句实现联接操作。join 子句可以将来自不同源序列,并且在对象模型中没有直接关系(数据库表之间没有关系)的元素相关联,唯一的要求是每个源中的元素需要共享某个可以进行比较,以判断是否相等的值。

在 LINQ 中,join 子句可以实现 3 种类型的联接分别是内部联接、分组联接和左外部联接。

1、内部连接(相对于sql:join | inner join)

格式:join element in dataSource on exp1 equals exp2

int[] intAry1 = {, , , , , };//创建整数数组 intAry1 作为数据源
int[] intAry2 = {, , , , , , };//创建整数数组 intAry2 作为数据源
//查询 query1 使用 join 子句从两个数据源获取数据
//演示内部联接的使用
var query1 =
from val1 in intAry1
join val2 in intAry2 on val1% equals val2%
select new {VAL1=val1, VAL2=val2};

2、分组连接

格式: join element in dataSource on exp1 equals exp2 into grpName

其中,into 关键字表示将这些数据分组并保存到 grpName 中,grpName 是保存一组数据的集合。(感觉和sql不同,sql查询的结果是平面矩形的,而linq则是平面树形的,意思是像对象的元素也是个对象)

int[] intAry1 = { , , , , ,  };//创建整数数组 intAry1 作为数据源
int[] intAry2 = { , , , , , , };//创建整数数组 intAry2 作为数据源
//查询 query1 使用 join 子句从两个数据源获取数据
//演示分组联接的使用
var query1 =
from val1 in intAry1
join val2 in intAry2 on val1 % equals val2 % into val2Grp
select new { VAL1 = val1, VAL2GRP = val2Grp};

3、左外部联接 (相对于sql:left join | left outer join)

第三种联接是左外部联接,它返回第一个集合中的所有元素,无论它是否在第二个集合中有相关元素。在 LINQ 中,通过对分组联接的结果调用 DefaultIfEmpty()方法来执行左外部联接。DefaultIfEmpty()方法从列表中获取指定元素。如果列表为空,则返回默认值。

int[] intAry1 = { , , , , ,  };//创建整数数组 intAry1 作为数据源
int[] intAry2 = { , , , , , , };//创建整数数组 intAry2 作为数据源
//查询 query1 使用 join 子句从两个数据源获取数据
//演示左联接的使用
var query1 =
from val1 in intAry1
join val2 in intAry2 on val1 % equals val2 % into val2Grp
from grp in val2Grp.DefaultIfEmpty()
select new { VAL1 = val1, VAL2GRP = grp };

查询方法Lambda示例(GroupJoin):

原形:https://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/bb534297(v=vs.105).aspx

public static IEnumerable<TResult> GroupJoin<TOuter, TInner, TKey, TResult>(
this IEnumerable<TOuter> outer,
IEnumerable<TInner> inner,
Func<TOuter, TKey> outerKeySelector,
Func<TInner, TKey> innerKeySelector,
Func<TOuter, IEnumerable<TInner>, TResult> resultSelector
)

重载

public static IEnumerable<TResult> GroupJoin<TOuter, TInner, TKey, TResult>(
this IEnumerable<TOuter> outer,
IEnumerable<TInner> inner,
Func<TOuter, TKey> outerKeySelector,
Func<TInner, TKey> innerKeySelector,
Func<TOuter, IEnumerable<TInner>, TResult> resultSelector,
IEqualityComparer<TKey> comparer
)
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks; namespace LinqDemo2
{
/// <summary>
/// 学生实体
/// </summary>
public class Student
{
public int StudentId { get; set; }
public string StudentName { get; set; }
public int StandardId { get; set; }//水平
} /// <summary>
/// 水平/等级
/// </summary>
public class Standard
{
public int StandardId { get; set; }
public string StandardName { get; set; }//
}
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
#region 数据源
IList<Student> studentList = new List<Student>()
{
new Student() {StudentId = , StudentName = "John", StandardId = },
new Student() {StudentId = , StudentName = "Moin", StandardId = },
new Student() {StudentId = , StudentName = "Bill", StandardId = },
new Student() {StudentId = , StudentName = "Ram", StandardId = },
new Student() {StudentId = , StudentName = "Ron"}
};
IList<Standard> standardList = new List<Standard>()
{
new Standard() {StandardId = , StandardName = "优秀"},
new Standard() {StandardId = , StandardName = "中等"},
new Standard() {StandardId = , StandardName = "差生"}
};
#endregion //查询公式
var groupJoin = standardList.GroupJoin(studentList,
standard => standard.StandardId,
student => student.StandardId,
(standard, studentGroup) => new
{
StandarFullName = standard.StandardName,
Students = studentGroup
});//感觉和字典类型一样,一个key,对应一个velue, velue = IEnumerable<Student> //执行查询
foreach (var item in groupJoin)
{
Console.WriteLine(item.StandarFullName); foreach (var student in item.Students)
{
Console.WriteLine(student.StudentName);
}
} /* 输出:
*
优秀
John
Moin
中等
Bill
Ram
差生
*/ }
}
}

示例:分页查询

var page = ;
var pageSize = ;
var query = (from user in db.Set<User>()
join userRole in db.Set<UserRole>() on user.Id equals userRole.UserId
join rolePrivilege in db.Set<RolePrivilege>() on userRole.RoleId equals rolePrivilege.RoleId
join priviege in db.Set<Privilege>() on rolePrivilege.PrivilegeId equals priviege.Id
join role in db.Set<Role>() on userRole.RoleId equals role.Id
where user.Id == && userRole.RoleId ==
orderby user.Id descending
select new
{
user.Id,
userRole.RoleId,
user.Username,
PrivilegeName = priviege.Name,
RoleName = role.Name
}).Skip((page - ) * pageSize).Take(pageSize);