嵌入式Linux驱动学习笔记(三)------LCD驱动程序

时间:2022-07-04 19:09:20
你好!这里是风筝的博客,欢迎和我一起交流。

如果本篇博客对您有帮助,或许可以在下方评论给我留个言。


开发板为JZ2440,

Linux Kernel 4.4.18


在Kernel自带的s3c2410fb.c文件中,就是LCD的驱动。

我们可以照着这个文件编写一个LCD驱动。

在文件中s3c24xxfb_probe函数就是LCD的初始化.对着这个函数写即可.

值得注意的是,函数里对clk时钟的操作:

info->clk = clk_get(NULL, "lcd");
if (IS_ERR(info->clk)) {
dev_err(&pdev->dev, "failed to get lcd clock source\n");
ret = PTR_ERR(info->clk);
goto release_irq;
}
clk_prepare_enable(info->clk);
dprintk("got and enabled clock\n");
usleep_range(1000, 1100);


其他的就和视频里讲的差不多了,就是参数不同而已,LCD的分辨率是272*480.

#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/fb.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/dma-mapping.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/workqueue.h>
#include <linux/wait.h>
#include <linux/platform_device.h>
#include <linux/clk.h>

#include <asm/io.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/div64.h>

#include <asm/mach/map.h>
//#include <asm/arch/regs-lcd.h>
//#include <asm/arch/regs-gpio.h>
//#include <asm/arch/fb.h>
#include <mach/fb.h>
#include <linux/clk.h>

static int s3c_lcdfb_setcolreg(unsigned int regno, unsigned int red,
unsigned int green, unsigned int blue,
unsigned int transp, struct fb_info *info);


struct lcd_regs {
unsigned longlcdcon1;
unsigned longlcdcon2;
unsigned longlcdcon3;
unsigned longlcdcon4;
unsigned longlcdcon5;
unsigned longlcdsaddr1;
unsigned longlcdsaddr2;
unsigned longlcdsaddr3;
unsigned longredlut;
unsigned longgreenlut;
unsigned longbluelut;
unsigned longreserved[9];
unsigned longdithmode;
unsigned longtpal;
unsigned longlcdintpnd;
unsigned longlcdsrcpnd;
unsigned longlcdintmsk;
unsigned longlpcsel;
};

static struct fb_ops s3c_lcdfb_ops = {
.owner= THIS_MODULE,
.fb_setcolreg= s3c_lcdfb_setcolreg,
.fb_fillrect= cfb_fillrect,
.fb_copyarea= cfb_copyarea,
.fb_imageblit= cfb_imageblit,
};


static struct fb_info *s3c_lcd;
static volatile unsigned long *gpbcon;
static volatile unsigned long *gpbdat;
static volatile unsigned long *gpccon;
static volatile unsigned long *gpdcon;
static volatile unsigned long *gpgcon;
static volatile struct lcd_regs* lcd_regs;
static u32 pseudo_palette[16];


/* from pxafb.c */
static inline unsigned int chan_to_field(unsigned int chan, struct fb_bitfield *bf)
{
chan &= 0xffff;
chan >>= 16 - bf->length;
return chan << bf->offset;
}


static int s3c_lcdfb_setcolreg(unsigned int regno, unsigned int red,
unsigned int green, unsigned int blue,
unsigned int transp, struct fb_info *info)
{
unsigned int val;

if (regno > 16)
return 1;

/* 用red,green,blue三原色构造出val */
val = chan_to_field(red,&info->var.red);
val |= chan_to_field(green, &info->var.green);
val |= chan_to_field(blue,&info->var.blue);

//((u32 *)(info->pseudo_palette))[regno] = val;
pseudo_palette[regno] = val;
return 0;
}

static int lcd_init(void)
{
struct clk *clk;
/* 1. 分配一个fb_info */
s3c_lcd = framebuffer_alloc(0, NULL);

clk = clk_get(NULL, "lcd");
//clk_enable(clk);
if (IS_ERR(clk)) {
printk( "failed to get lcd clock source\n");
}
clk_prepare_enable(clk);
printk("got and enabled clock\n");
usleep_range(1000, 1100);

/* 2. 设置 */
/* 2.1 设置固定的参数 */
strcpy(s3c_lcd->fix.id, "mylcd");
s3c_lcd->fix.smem_len = 272*480*16/8;
s3c_lcd->fix.type = FB_TYPE_PACKED_PIXELS;
s3c_lcd->fix.visual = FB_VISUAL_TRUECOLOR; /* TFT */
s3c_lcd->fix.line_length = 480*2;

/* 2.2 设置可变的参数 */
s3c_lcd->var.xres = 480;
s3c_lcd->var.yres = 272;
s3c_lcd->var.xres_virtual = 480;
s3c_lcd->var.yres_virtual = 272;
s3c_lcd->var.bits_per_pixel = 16;

/* RGB:565 */
s3c_lcd->var.red.offset = 11;
s3c_lcd->var.red.length = 5;

s3c_lcd->var.green.offset = 5;
s3c_lcd->var.green.length = 6;

s3c_lcd->var.blue.offset = 0;
s3c_lcd->var.blue.length = 5;

s3c_lcd->var.activate = FB_ACTIVATE_NOW;


/* 2.3 设置操作函数 */
s3c_lcd->fbops = &s3c_lcdfb_ops;

/* 2.4 其他的设置 */
s3c_lcd->pseudo_palette = pseudo_palette;
//s3c_lcd->screen_base = ; /* 显存的虚拟地址 */
s3c_lcd->screen_size = 272*480*16/8;

/* 3. 硬件相关的操作 */
/* 3.1 配置GPIO用于LCD */
gpbcon = ioremap(0x56000010, 8);
gpbdat = gpbcon+1;
gpccon = ioremap(0x56000020, 4);
gpdcon = ioremap(0x56000030, 4);
gpgcon = ioremap(0x56000060, 4);

*gpccon = 0xaaaa56aa; /* GPIO管脚用于VD[7:0],LCDVF[2:0],VM,VFRAME,VLINE,VCLK,LEND */
*gpdcon = 0xaaaaaaaa; /* GPIO管脚用于VD[23:8] */

*gpbcon &= ~(3); /* GPB0设置为输出引脚 */
*gpbcon |= 1;
*gpbdat &= ~1; /* 输出低电平 */

*gpgcon |= (3<<8); /* GPG4用作LCD_PWREN */

/* 3.2 根据LCD手册设置LCD控制器, 比如VCLK的频率等 */
lcd_regs = ioremap(0x4D000000, sizeof(struct lcd_regs));

/* bit[17:8]: VCLK = HCLK / [(CLKVAL+1) x 2], LCD手册P14
* 10MHz(100ns) = 100MHz / [(CLKVAL+1) x 2] //dmesg
* CLKVAL = 4
* bit[6:5]: 0b11, TFT LCD
* bit[4:1]: 0b1100, 16 bpp for TFT
* bit[0] : 0 = Disable the video output and the LCD control signal.
*/
lcd_regs->lcdcon1 = (4<<8) | (3<<5) | (0x0c<<1);

#if 1
/* 垂直方向的时间参数
* bit[31:24]: VBPD, VSYNC之后再过多长时间才能发出第1行数据
* LCD手册 T0-T2-T1=4
* VBPD=3
* bit[23:14]: 多少行, 320, 所以LINEVAL=320-1=319
* bit[13:6] : VFPD, 发出最后一行数据之后,再过多长时间才发出VSYNC
* LCD手册T2-T5=322-320=2, 所以VFPD=2-1=1
* bit[5:0] : VSPW, VSYNC信号的脉冲宽度, LCD手册T1=1, 所以VSPW=1-1=0
*/

lcd_regs->lcdcon2 = (1<<24) | (271<<14) | (1<<6) | (9<<0);

/* 水平方向的时间参数
* bit[25:19]: HBPD, VSYNC之后再过多长时间才能发出第1行数据
* LCD手册 T6-T7-T8=17
* HBPD=16
* bit[18:8]: 多少列, 240, 所以HOZVAL=240-1=239
* bit[7:0] : HFPD, 发出最后一行里最后一个象素数据之后,再过多长时间才发出HSYNC
* LCD手册T8-T11=251-240=11, 所以HFPD=11-1=10
*/
lcd_regs->lcdcon3 = (1<<19) | (479<<8) | (1<<0);
/* 水平方向的同步信号
* bit[7:0]: HSPW, HSYNC信号的脉冲宽度, LCD手册T7=5, 所以HSPW=5-1=4
*/
lcd_regs->lcdcon4 = 40;

#else
lcd_regs->lcdcon2 =S3C2410_LCDCON2_VBPD(5) | \
S3C2410_LCDCON2_LINEVAL(319) | \
S3C2410_LCDCON2_VFPD(3) | \
S3C2410_LCDCON2_VSPW(1);

lcd_regs->lcdcon3 =S3C2410_LCDCON3_HBPD(10) | \
S3C2410_LCDCON3_HOZVAL(239) | \
S3C2410_LCDCON3_HFPD(1);

lcd_regs->lcdcon4 =S3C2410_LCDCON4_MVAL(13) | \
S3C2410_LCDCON4_HSPW(0);

#endif
/* 信号的极性
* bit[11]: 1=565 format
* bit[10]: 0 = The video data is fetched at VCLK falling edge
* bit[9] : 1 = HSYNC信号要反转,即低电平有效
* bit[8] : 1 = VSYNC信号要反转,即低电平有效
* bit[6] : 0 = VDEN不用反转
* bit[3] : 0 = PWREN输出0
* bit[1] : 0 = BSWP
* bit[0] : 1 = HWSWP 2440手册P413
*/
lcd_regs->lcdcon5 = (1<<11) | (0<<10) | (1<<9) | (1<<8) | (1<<0);

/* 3.3 分配显存(framebuffer), 并把地址告诉LCD控制器 */
s3c_lcd->screen_base = dma_alloc_writecombine(NULL, s3c_lcd->fix.smem_len, &s3c_lcd->fix.smem_start, GFP_KERNEL);

lcd_regs->lcdsaddr1 = (s3c_lcd->fix.smem_start >> 1) & ~(3<<30);
lcd_regs->lcdsaddr2 = ((s3c_lcd->fix.smem_start + s3c_lcd->fix.smem_len) >> 1) & 0x1fffff;
lcd_regs->lcdsaddr3 = (480*16/16); /* 一行的长度(单位: 2字节) */

//s3c_lcd->fix.smem_start = xxx; /* 显存的物理地址 */
/* 启动LCD */
lcd_regs->lcdcon1 |= (1<<0); /* 使能LCD控制器 */
lcd_regs->lcdcon5 |= (1<<3); /* 使能LCD本身 */
*gpbdat |= 1; /* 输出高电平, 使能背光 */

/* 4. 注册 */
register_framebuffer(s3c_lcd);

return 0;
}

static void lcd_exit(void)
{
unregister_framebuffer(s3c_lcd);
lcd_regs->lcdcon1 &= ~(1<<0); /* 关闭LCD本身 */
*gpbdat &= ~1; /* 关闭背光 */
dma_free_writecombine(NULL, s3c_lcd->fix.smem_len, s3c_lcd->screen_base, s3c_lcd->fix.smem_start);
iounmap(lcd_regs);
iounmap(gpbcon);
iounmap(gpccon);
iounmap(gpdcon);
iounmap(gpgcon);
framebuffer_release(s3c_lcd);
}

module_init(lcd_init);
module_exit(lcd_exit);

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");





程序写好后,编译,没有error后,把Kernel中LCD的驱动支持去掉,不然会和我们写的LCD驱动有冲突。

make menuconfig

把Device Drivers->Graphics support->Frame buffer Devices-><*>S3C2410 LCD framebuffer support

修改为:

Device Drivers->Graphics support->Frame buffer Devices-><M>S3C2410 LCD framebuffer support

其实直接去掉也可以,因为cfbcopyarea.ko、cfbfillrect.ko和cfbimageblit.ko这三个.ko文件已经不是依赖于S3C2410 LCD framebuffer support编译了,

现在这三个.ko文件已经被编译进入Kernel了,不需要make modules了,

即使make modules,也不会出现cfbcopyarea.ko、cfbfillrect.ko和cfbimageblit.ko,没有了,只会在drivers/video/fbdev路径下出现个s3c2410fb.ko文件,这个就是把<M>S3C2410 LCD framebuffer support配置成模块时make modules出现的文件,现在对我们并没有什么用,记得当初我还傻傻的以为是那三个.ko文件合并成了一个.ko文件呢,搞得LCD老是不能用,郁闷......

make uImage生成内核映像之后,在make LCD驱动程序,之后在板子上直接insmod lcd.ko就能直接驱动LCD了.

echo hello > /dev/tty1

这样,在LCD就会出现hello字样了。


小记:

经网友(带你高飞)提醒,这三个.ko文件只是不依赖于S3C2410 LCD framebuffer support这个配置而已,依赖于Silicon Motion SM501 framebuffer support.

在Device Drivers  --->Graphics support  --->Frame buffer Devices  --->  <*> Silicon Motion SM501 framebuffer support 

修改成M,即可在/work/system/linux-4.8.17/drivers/video/fbdev/core 下发现三个.ko文件

不过我们是需要这三个.ko文件的,直接让他编译进内核即可。