Struts2--struts.xml详解

通常，struts.xml文件都会继承一个struts-default.xml文件通过一些基本的拦截器来提供一些基本的配置设置之类的。

配置例：

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
 <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
     "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.5//EN"
     "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.5.dtd">

 <struts>
     <!-- 开启debug模式，会自动加载配置文件等等，不用每次更改了配置文件就去重新启动下服务器 -->
     <constant name="struts.devMode" value="true" />

     <package name="test" namespace="/student" extends="struts-default">
         <action name="show" method="showStu" class="com.fuwh.demo.Show">
             <result name="success">hello.jsp</result>

         </action>

     </package>

 </struts>

struts-default.xml的详细内容

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
 <!--
 /*
  * $Id$
  *
  * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
  * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
  * distributed with this work for additional information
  * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
  * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
  * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
  * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
  *
  *  http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
  *
  * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
  * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
  * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
  * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
  * specific language governing permissions and limitations
  * under the License.
  */
 -->

 <!--
     When declaring beans in this file you must either use name="struts" or don't name the bean at all.

     The name="struts" must be used when alias was defined in {@link org.apache.struts2.config.DefaultBeanSelectionProvider} -
     it is then the default bean's name and {@link org.apache.struts2.config.DefaultBeanSelectionProvider} links name "struts"
     with "default" (aliasing it)

     If name won't be defined then the "default" value will be used {@link com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.Container#DEFAULT_NAME}
     and {@link com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.Inject}
 -->
 <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
     "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.5//EN"
     "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.5.dtd">

 <struts>

     <constant name="struts.excludedClasses"
               value="
                 java.lang.Object,
                 java.lang.Runtime,
                 java.lang.System,
                 java.lang.Class,
                 java.lang.ClassLoader,
                 java.lang.Shutdown,
                 java.lang.ProcessBuilder,
                 ognl.OgnlContext,
                 ognl.ClassResolver,
                 ognl.TypeConverter,
                 ognl.MemberAccess,
                 ognl.DefaultMemberAccess,
                 com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.SecurityMemberAccess,
                 com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext" />

     <!-- this must be valid regex, each '.' in package name must be escaped! -->
     <!-- it's more flexible but slower than simple string comparison -->
     <!-- constant name="struts.excludedPackageNamePatterns" value="^java\.lang\..*,^ognl.*,^(?!javax\.servlet\..+)(javax\..+)" / -->

     <!-- this is simpler version of the above used with string comparison -->
     <constant name="struts.excludedPackageNames" value="java.lang.,ognl,javax" />

     <bean class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ObjectFactory" name="struts"/>
     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.factory.ResultFactory" name="struts" class="org.apache.struts2.factory.StrutsResultFactory" />
     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.factory.ActionFactory" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.factory.DefaultActionFactory" />
     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.factory.ConverterFactory" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.factory.DefaultConverterFactory" />
     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.factory.InterceptorFactory" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.factory.DefaultInterceptorFactory" />
     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.factory.ValidatorFactory" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.factory.DefaultValidatorFactory" />
     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.factory.UnknownHandlerFactory" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.factory.DefaultUnknownHandlerFactory" />

     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.FileManager" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.fs.DefaultFileManager" name="system" scope="singleton"/>
     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.FileManagerFactory" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.fs.DefaultFileManagerFactory" name="struts" scope="singleton"/>

     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionProxyFactory" name="struts" class="org.apache.struts2.factory.StrutsActionProxyFactory"/>
     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionProxyFactory" name="prefix" class="org.apache.struts2.factory.PrefixBasedActionProxyFactory"/>

     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.ObjectTypeDeterminer" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.impl.DefaultObjectTypeDeterminer"/>

     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.PatternMatcher" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.WildcardHelper" />
     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.PatternMatcher" name="namedVariable" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.NamedVariablePatternMatcher"/>
     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.PatternMatcher" name="regex" class="org.apache.struts2.util.RegexPatternMatcher"/>

     <bean type="org.apache.struts2.util.ContentTypeMatcher" name="struts" class="org.apache.struts2.util.DefaultContentTypeMatcher"/>

     <bean type="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.mapper.ActionMapper" name="struts" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.mapper.DefaultActionMapper" />
     <bean type="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.mapper.ActionMapper" name="composite" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.mapper.CompositeActionMapper" />
     <bean type="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.mapper.ActionMapper" name="restful" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.mapper.RestfulActionMapper" />
     <bean type="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.mapper.ActionMapper" name="restful2" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.mapper.Restful2ActionMapper" />

     <bean type="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.multipart.MultiPartRequest" name="jakarta" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.multipart.JakartaMultiPartRequest" scope="prototype"/>
     <bean type="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.multipart.MultiPartRequest" name="jakarta-stream" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.multipart.JakartaStreamMultiPartRequest" scope="prototype"/>

     <bean type="org.apache.struts2.views.TagLibraryDirectiveProvider" name="s" class="org.apache.struts2.views.DefaultTagLibrary" />
     <bean type="org.apache.struts2.views.TagLibraryModelProvider" name="s" class="org.apache.struts2.views.DefaultTagLibrary" />

     <bean class="org.apache.struts2.views.freemarker.FreemarkerThemeTemplateLoader" />
     <bean class="org.apache.struts2.views.freemarker.FreemarkerManager" name="struts" />
     <bean class="org.apache.struts2.views.velocity.VelocityManager" name="struts" optional="true" />

     <bean class="org.apache.struts2.components.template.TemplateEngineManager" />
     <bean type="org.apache.struts2.components.template.TemplateEngine" name="ftl" class="org.apache.struts2.components.template.FreemarkerTemplateEngine" />
     <bean type="org.apache.struts2.components.template.TemplateEngine" name="vm" class="org.apache.struts2.components.template.VelocityTemplateEngine" />
     <bean type="org.apache.struts2.components.template.TemplateEngine" name="jsp" class="org.apache.struts2.components.template.JspTemplateEngine" />

     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.impl.XWorkConverter" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.impl.XWorkConverter" />

     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.ConversionPropertiesProcessor" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.impl.DefaultConversionPropertiesProcessor" />
     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.ConversionFileProcessor" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.impl.DefaultConversionFileProcessor" />
     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.ConversionAnnotationProcessor" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.impl.DefaultConversionAnnotationProcessor" />
     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.TypeConverterCreator" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.impl.DefaultTypeConverterCreator" />
     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.TypeConverterHolder" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.impl.DefaultTypeConverterHolder" />

     <bean class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.impl.XWorkBasicConverter" />

     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.impl.CollectionConverter" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.impl.CollectionConverter" scope="singleton"/>
     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.impl.ArrayConverter" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.impl.ArrayConverter" scope="singleton"/>
     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.impl.DateConverter" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.impl.DateConverter" scope="singleton"/>
     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.impl.NumberConverter" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.impl.NumberConverter" scope="singleton"/>
     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.impl.StringConverter" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.impl.StringConverter" scope="singleton"/>

     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.TextProvider" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.TextProviderSupport" scope="prototype" />
     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.LocaleProvider" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultLocaleProvider" scope="singleton" />

     <bean type="org.apache.struts2.components.UrlRenderer" name="struts" class="org.apache.struts2.components.ServletUrlRenderer"/>
     <bean type="org.apache.struts2.views.util.UrlHelper" name="struts" class="org.apache.struts2.views.util.DefaultUrlHelper"/>

     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.ValueStackFactory" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.OgnlValueStackFactory" />
     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.reflection.ReflectionProvider" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.OgnlReflectionProvider" />
     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.reflection.ReflectionContextFactory" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.OgnlReflectionContextFactory" />

     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.TextProvider" name="system" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultTextProvider" />
     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.NullHandler" name="java.lang.Object" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.impl.InstantiatingNullHandler" />

     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.ActionValidatorManager" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.AnnotationActionValidatorManager" />
     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.ActionValidatorManager" name="no-annotations" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.DefaultActionValidatorManager" />

     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.ValidatorFactory" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.DefaultValidatorFactory"/>
     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.ValidatorFileParser" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.DefaultValidatorFileParser" />

     <bean class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.OgnlUtil" />

     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.TextParser" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.OgnlTextParser" scope="singleton"/>

     <bean type="ognl.PropertyAccessor" name="com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.CompoundRoot" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.accessor.CompoundRootAccessor" />
     <bean type="ognl.PropertyAccessor" name="java.lang.Object" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.accessor.ObjectAccessor" />
     <bean type="ognl.PropertyAccessor" name="java.util.Iterator" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.accessor.XWorkIteratorPropertyAccessor" />
     <bean type="ognl.PropertyAccessor" name="java.util.Enumeration" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.accessor.XWorkEnumerationAccessor" />
     <bean type="ognl.PropertyAccessor" name="java.util.List" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.accessor.XWorkListPropertyAccessor" />
     <bean type="ognl.PropertyAccessor" name="java.util.Set" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.accessor.XWorkCollectionPropertyAccessor" />
     <bean type="ognl.PropertyAccessor" name="java.util.Map" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.accessor.XWorkMapPropertyAccessor" />
     <bean type="ognl.PropertyAccessor" name="java.util.Collection" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.accessor.XWorkCollectionPropertyAccessor" />
     <bean type="ognl.PropertyAccessor" name="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.ObjectProxy" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.accessor.ObjectProxyPropertyAccessor" />
     <bean type="ognl.PropertyAccessor" name="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.HttpParameters" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.accessor.HttpParametersPropertyAccessor" />
     <bean type="ognl.PropertyAccessor" name="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Parameter" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.accessor.ParameterPropertyAccessor" />

     <bean type="ognl.MethodAccessor" name="java.lang.Object" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.accessor.XWorkMethodAccessor" />
     <bean type="ognl.MethodAccessor" name="com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.CompoundRoot" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.accessor.CompoundRootAccessor" />

     <bean class="org.apache.struts2.views.jsp.ui.OgnlTool" />

     <bean type="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.StaticContentLoader" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.DefaultStaticContentLoader" name="struts" />
     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.UnknownHandlerManager" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultUnknownHandlerManager" name="struts" />

     <bean type="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.DispatcherErrorHandler" name="struts" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.DefaultDispatcherErrorHandler" />

     <constant name="struts.dispatcher.errorHandler" value="struts" />

     <!--  Silly workarounds for OGNL since there is currently no way to flush its internal caches -->
     <bean type="ognl.PropertyAccessor" name="java.util.ArrayList" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.accessor.XWorkListPropertyAccessor" />
     <bean type="ognl.PropertyAccessor" name="java.util.HashSet" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.accessor.XWorkCollectionPropertyAccessor" />
     <bean type="ognl.PropertyAccessor" name="java.util.HashMap" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.accessor.XWorkMapPropertyAccessor" />

     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.security.ExcludedPatternsChecker" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.security.DefaultExcludedPatternsChecker" scope="prototype" />
     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.security.AcceptedPatternsChecker" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.security.DefaultAcceptedPatternsChecker" scope="prototype" />

     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.ValueSubstitutor" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.EnvsValueSubstitutor" scope="singleton"/>

     <package name="struts-default" abstract="true" strict-method-invocation="true">
         <result-types>
             <result-type name="chain" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionChainResult"/>
             <result-type name="dispatcher" class="org.apache.struts2.result.ServletDispatcherResult" default="true"/>
             <result-type name="freemarker" class="org.apache.struts2.views.freemarker.FreemarkerResult"/>
             <result-type name="httpheader" class="org.apache.struts2.result.HttpHeaderResult"/>
             <result-type name="redirect" class="org.apache.struts2.result.ServletRedirectResult"/>
             <result-type name="redirectAction" class="org.apache.struts2.result.ServletActionRedirectResult"/>
             <result-type name="stream" class="org.apache.struts2.result.StreamResult"/>
             <result-type name="velocity" class="org.apache.struts2.result.VelocityResult"/>
             <result-type name="xslt" class="org.apache.struts2.views.xslt.XSLTResult"/>
             <result-type name="plainText" class="org.apache.struts2.result.PlainTextResult" />
             <result-type name="postback" class="org.apache.struts2.result.PostbackResult" />
         </result-types>

         <interceptors>
             <interceptor name="alias" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.AliasInterceptor"/>
             <interceptor name="autowiring" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.spring.interceptor.ActionAutowiringInterceptor"/>
             <interceptor name="chain" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ChainingInterceptor"/>
             <interceptor name="conversionError" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.StrutsConversionErrorInterceptor"/>
             <interceptor name="cookie" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.CookieInterceptor"/>
             <interceptor name="cookieProvider" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.CookieProviderInterceptor"/>
             <interceptor name="clearSession" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ClearSessionInterceptor" />
             <interceptor name="createSession" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.CreateSessionInterceptor" />
             <interceptor name="debugging" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.debugging.DebuggingInterceptor" />
             <interceptor name="execAndWait" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ExecuteAndWaitInterceptor"/>
             <interceptor name="exception" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ExceptionMappingInterceptor"/>
             <interceptor name="fileUpload" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.FileUploadInterceptor"/>
             <interceptor name="i18n" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.I18nInterceptor"/>
             <interceptor name="logger" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.LoggingInterceptor"/>
             <interceptor name="modelDriven" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ModelDrivenInterceptor"/>
             <interceptor name="scopedModelDriven" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ScopedModelDrivenInterceptor"/>
             <interceptor name="params" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ParametersInterceptor"/>
             <interceptor name="actionMappingParams" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ActionMappingParametersInteceptor"/>
             <interceptor name="prepare" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.PrepareInterceptor"/>
             <interceptor name="staticParams" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.StaticParametersInterceptor"/>
             <interceptor name="scope" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ScopeInterceptor"/>
             <interceptor name="servletConfig" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletConfigInterceptor"/>
             <interceptor name="timer" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.TimerInterceptor"/>
             <interceptor name="token" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.TokenInterceptor"/>
             <interceptor name="tokenSession" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.TokenSessionStoreInterceptor"/>
             <interceptor name="validation" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.validation.AnnotationValidationInterceptor"/>
             <interceptor name="workflow" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.DefaultWorkflowInterceptor"/>
             <interceptor name="store" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.MessageStoreInterceptor" />
             <interceptor name="checkbox" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.CheckboxInterceptor" />
             <interceptor name="datetime" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.DateTextFieldInterceptor" />
             <interceptor name="profiling" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ProfilingActivationInterceptor" />
             <interceptor name="roles" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.RolesInterceptor" />
             <interceptor name="annotationWorkflow" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.annotations.AnnotationWorkflowInterceptor" />
             <interceptor name="multiselect" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.MultiselectInterceptor" />

             <!-- Basic stack -->
             <interceptor-stack name="basicStack">
                 <interceptor-ref name="exception"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="servletConfig"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="prepare"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="checkbox"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="datetime"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="multiselect"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="actionMappingParams"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="params"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="conversionError"/>
             </interceptor-stack>

             <!-- Sample validation and workflow stack -->
             <interceptor-stack name="validationWorkflowStack">
                 <interceptor-ref name="basicStack"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="validation"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="workflow"/>
             </interceptor-stack>

             <!-- Sample file upload stack -->
             <interceptor-stack name="fileUploadStack">
                 <interceptor-ref name="fileUpload"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="basicStack"/>
             </interceptor-stack>

             <!-- Sample model-driven stack  -->
             <interceptor-stack name="modelDrivenStack">
                 <interceptor-ref name="modelDriven"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="basicStack"/>
             </interceptor-stack>

             <!-- Sample action chaining stack -->
             <interceptor-stack name="chainStack">
                 <interceptor-ref name="chain"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="basicStack"/>
             </interceptor-stack>

             <!-- Sample i18n stack -->
             <interceptor-stack name="i18nStack">
                 <interceptor-ref name="i18n"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="basicStack"/>
             </interceptor-stack>

             <!-- An example of the paramsPrepareParams trick. This stack
                  is exactly the same as the defaultStack, except that it
                  includes one extra interceptor before the prepare interceptor:
                  the params interceptor.

                  This is useful for when you wish to apply parameters directly
                  to an object that you wish to load externally (such as a DAO
                  or database or service layer), but can't load that object
                  until at least the ID parameter has been loaded. By loading
                  the parameters twice, you can retrieve the object in the
                  prepare() method, allowing the second params interceptor to
                  apply the values on the object. -->
             <interceptor-stack name="paramsPrepareParamsStack">
                 <interceptor-ref name="exception"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="alias"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="i18n"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="checkbox"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="datetime"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="multiselect"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="params"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="servletConfig"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="prepare"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="chain"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="modelDriven"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="fileUpload"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="staticParams"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="actionMappingParams"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="params"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="conversionError"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="validation">
                     <param name="excludeMethods">input,back,cancel,browse</param>
                 </interceptor-ref>
                 <interceptor-ref name="workflow">
                     <param name="excludeMethods">input,back,cancel,browse</param>
                 </interceptor-ref>
             </interceptor-stack>

             <!-- A complete stack with all the common interceptors in place.
                  Generally, this stack should be the one you use, though it
                  may do more than you need. Also, the ordering can be
                  switched around (ex: if you wish to have your servlet-related
                  objects applied before prepare() is called, you'd need to move
                  servletConfig interceptor up.

                  This stack also excludes from the normal validation and workflow
                  the method names input, back, and cancel. These typically are
                  associated with requests that should not be validated.
                  -->
             <interceptor-stack name="defaultStack">
                 <interceptor-ref name="exception"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="alias"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="servletConfig"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="i18n"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="prepare"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="chain"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="scopedModelDriven"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="modelDriven"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="fileUpload"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="checkbox"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="datetime"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="multiselect"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="staticParams"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="actionMappingParams"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="params"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="conversionError"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="validation">
                     <param name="excludeMethods">input,back,cancel,browse</param>
                 </interceptor-ref>
                 <interceptor-ref name="workflow">
                     <param name="excludeMethods">input,back,cancel,browse</param>
                 </interceptor-ref>
                 <interceptor-ref name="debugging"/>
             </interceptor-stack>

             <!-- The completeStack is here for backwards compatibility for
                  applications that still refer to the defaultStack by the
                  old name -->
             <interceptor-stack name="completeStack">
                 <interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"/>
             </interceptor-stack>

             <!-- Sample execute and wait stack.
                  Note: execAndWait should always be the *last* interceptor. -->
             <interceptor-stack name="executeAndWaitStack">
                 <interceptor-ref name="execAndWait">
                     <param name="excludeMethods">input,back,cancel</param>
                 </interceptor-ref>
                 <interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="execAndWait">
                     <param name="excludeMethods">input,back,cancel</param>
                 </interceptor-ref>
             </interceptor-stack>

        </interceptors>

         <default-interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"/>

         <default-class-ref class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport" />

         <global-allowed-methods>execute,input,back,cancel,browse,save,delete,list,index</global-allowed-methods>

     </package>

 </struts>
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
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  *
  * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
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  * distributed with this work for additional information
  * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
  * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
  * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
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  *
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  *
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 -->

 <!--
     When declaring beans in this file you must either use name="struts" or don't name the bean at all.

     The name="struts" must be used when alias was defined in {@link org.apache.struts2.config.DefaultBeanSelectionProvider} -
     it is then the default bean's name and {@link org.apache.struts2.config.DefaultBeanSelectionProvider} links name "struts"
     with "default" (aliasing it)

     If name won't be defined then the "default" value will be used {@link com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.Container#DEFAULT_NAME}
     and {@link com.opensymphony.xwork2.inject.Inject}
 -->
 <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
     "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.5//EN"
     "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.5.dtd">

 <struts>

     <constant name="struts.excludedClasses"
               value="
                 java.lang.Object,
                 java.lang.Runtime,
                 java.lang.System,
                 java.lang.Class,
                 java.lang.ClassLoader,
                 java.lang.Shutdown,
                 java.lang.ProcessBuilder,
                 ognl.OgnlContext,
                 ognl.ClassResolver,
                 ognl.TypeConverter,
                 ognl.MemberAccess,
                 ognl.DefaultMemberAccess,
                 com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.SecurityMemberAccess,
                 com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext" />

     <!-- this must be valid regex, each '.' in package name must be escaped! -->
     <!-- it's more flexible but slower than simple string comparison -->
     <!-- constant name="struts.excludedPackageNamePatterns" value="^java\.lang\..*,^ognl.*,^(?!javax\.servlet\..+)(javax\..+)" / -->

     <!-- this is simpler version of the above used with string comparison -->
     <constant name="struts.excludedPackageNames" value="java.lang.,ognl,javax" />

     <bean class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ObjectFactory" name="struts"/>
     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.factory.ResultFactory" name="struts" class="org.apache.struts2.factory.StrutsResultFactory" />
     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.factory.ActionFactory" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.factory.DefaultActionFactory" />
     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.factory.ConverterFactory" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.factory.DefaultConverterFactory" />
     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.factory.InterceptorFactory" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.factory.DefaultInterceptorFactory" />
     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.factory.ValidatorFactory" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.factory.DefaultValidatorFactory" />
     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.factory.UnknownHandlerFactory" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.factory.DefaultUnknownHandlerFactory" />

     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.FileManager" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.fs.DefaultFileManager" name="system" scope="singleton"/>
     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.FileManagerFactory" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.fs.DefaultFileManagerFactory" name="struts" scope="singleton"/>

     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionProxyFactory" name="struts" class="org.apache.struts2.factory.StrutsActionProxyFactory"/>
     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionProxyFactory" name="prefix" class="org.apache.struts2.factory.PrefixBasedActionProxyFactory"/>

     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.ObjectTypeDeterminer" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.impl.DefaultObjectTypeDeterminer"/>

     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.PatternMatcher" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.WildcardHelper" />
     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.PatternMatcher" name="namedVariable" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.NamedVariablePatternMatcher"/>
     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.PatternMatcher" name="regex" class="org.apache.struts2.util.RegexPatternMatcher"/>

     <bean type="org.apache.struts2.util.ContentTypeMatcher" name="struts" class="org.apache.struts2.util.DefaultContentTypeMatcher"/>

     <bean type="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.mapper.ActionMapper" name="struts" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.mapper.DefaultActionMapper" />
     <bean type="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.mapper.ActionMapper" name="composite" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.mapper.CompositeActionMapper" />
     <bean type="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.mapper.ActionMapper" name="restful" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.mapper.RestfulActionMapper" />
     <bean type="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.mapper.ActionMapper" name="restful2" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.mapper.Restful2ActionMapper" />

     <bean type="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.multipart.MultiPartRequest" name="jakarta" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.multipart.JakartaMultiPartRequest" scope="prototype"/>
     <bean type="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.multipart.MultiPartRequest" name="jakarta-stream" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.multipart.JakartaStreamMultiPartRequest" scope="prototype"/>

     <bean type="org.apache.struts2.views.TagLibraryDirectiveProvider" name="s" class="org.apache.struts2.views.DefaultTagLibrary" />
     <bean type="org.apache.struts2.views.TagLibraryModelProvider" name="s" class="org.apache.struts2.views.DefaultTagLibrary" />

     <bean class="org.apache.struts2.views.freemarker.FreemarkerThemeTemplateLoader" />
     <bean class="org.apache.struts2.views.freemarker.FreemarkerManager" name="struts" />
     <bean class="org.apache.struts2.views.velocity.VelocityManager" name="struts" optional="true" />

     <bean class="org.apache.struts2.components.template.TemplateEngineManager" />
     <bean type="org.apache.struts2.components.template.TemplateEngine" name="ftl" class="org.apache.struts2.components.template.FreemarkerTemplateEngine" />
     <bean type="org.apache.struts2.components.template.TemplateEngine" name="vm" class="org.apache.struts2.components.template.VelocityTemplateEngine" />
     <bean type="org.apache.struts2.components.template.TemplateEngine" name="jsp" class="org.apache.struts2.components.template.JspTemplateEngine" />

     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.impl.XWorkConverter" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.impl.XWorkConverter" />

     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.ConversionPropertiesProcessor" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.impl.DefaultConversionPropertiesProcessor" />
     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.ConversionFileProcessor" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.impl.DefaultConversionFileProcessor" />
     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.ConversionAnnotationProcessor" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.impl.DefaultConversionAnnotationProcessor" />
     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.TypeConverterCreator" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.impl.DefaultTypeConverterCreator" />
     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.TypeConverterHolder" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.impl.DefaultTypeConverterHolder" />

     <bean class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.impl.XWorkBasicConverter" />

     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.impl.CollectionConverter" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.impl.CollectionConverter" scope="singleton"/>
     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.impl.ArrayConverter" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.impl.ArrayConverter" scope="singleton"/>
     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.impl.DateConverter" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.impl.DateConverter" scope="singleton"/>
     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.impl.NumberConverter" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.impl.NumberConverter" scope="singleton"/>
     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.impl.StringConverter" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.impl.StringConverter" scope="singleton"/>

     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.TextProvider" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.TextProviderSupport" scope="prototype" />
     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.LocaleProvider" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultLocaleProvider" scope="singleton" />

     <bean type="org.apache.struts2.components.UrlRenderer" name="struts" class="org.apache.struts2.components.ServletUrlRenderer"/>
     <bean type="org.apache.struts2.views.util.UrlHelper" name="struts" class="org.apache.struts2.views.util.DefaultUrlHelper"/>

     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.ValueStackFactory" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.OgnlValueStackFactory" />
     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.reflection.ReflectionProvider" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.OgnlReflectionProvider" />
     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.reflection.ReflectionContextFactory" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.OgnlReflectionContextFactory" />

     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.TextProvider" name="system" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultTextProvider" />
     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.NullHandler" name="java.lang.Object" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.conversion.impl.InstantiatingNullHandler" />

     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.ActionValidatorManager" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.AnnotationActionValidatorManager" />
     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.ActionValidatorManager" name="no-annotations" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.DefaultActionValidatorManager" />

     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.ValidatorFactory" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.DefaultValidatorFactory"/>
     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.ValidatorFileParser" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.DefaultValidatorFileParser" />

     <bean class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.OgnlUtil" />

     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.TextParser" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.OgnlTextParser" scope="singleton"/>

     <bean type="ognl.PropertyAccessor" name="com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.CompoundRoot" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.accessor.CompoundRootAccessor" />
     <bean type="ognl.PropertyAccessor" name="java.lang.Object" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.accessor.ObjectAccessor" />
     <bean type="ognl.PropertyAccessor" name="java.util.Iterator" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.accessor.XWorkIteratorPropertyAccessor" />
     <bean type="ognl.PropertyAccessor" name="java.util.Enumeration" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.accessor.XWorkEnumerationAccessor" />
     <bean type="ognl.PropertyAccessor" name="java.util.List" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.accessor.XWorkListPropertyAccessor" />
     <bean type="ognl.PropertyAccessor" name="java.util.Set" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.accessor.XWorkCollectionPropertyAccessor" />
     <bean type="ognl.PropertyAccessor" name="java.util.Map" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.accessor.XWorkMapPropertyAccessor" />
     <bean type="ognl.PropertyAccessor" name="java.util.Collection" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.accessor.XWorkCollectionPropertyAccessor" />
     <bean type="ognl.PropertyAccessor" name="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.ObjectProxy" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.accessor.ObjectProxyPropertyAccessor" />
     <bean type="ognl.PropertyAccessor" name="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.HttpParameters" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.accessor.HttpParametersPropertyAccessor" />
     <bean type="ognl.PropertyAccessor" name="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Parameter" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.accessor.ParameterPropertyAccessor" />

     <bean type="ognl.MethodAccessor" name="java.lang.Object" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.accessor.XWorkMethodAccessor" />
     <bean type="ognl.MethodAccessor" name="com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.CompoundRoot" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.accessor.CompoundRootAccessor" />

     <bean class="org.apache.struts2.views.jsp.ui.OgnlTool" />

     <bean type="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.StaticContentLoader" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.DefaultStaticContentLoader" name="struts" />
     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.UnknownHandlerManager" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultUnknownHandlerManager" name="struts" />

     <bean type="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.DispatcherErrorHandler" name="struts" class="org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.DefaultDispatcherErrorHandler" />

     <constant name="struts.dispatcher.errorHandler" value="struts" />

     <!--  Silly workarounds for OGNL since there is currently no way to flush its internal caches -->
     <bean type="ognl.PropertyAccessor" name="java.util.ArrayList" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.accessor.XWorkListPropertyAccessor" />
     <bean type="ognl.PropertyAccessor" name="java.util.HashSet" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.accessor.XWorkCollectionPropertyAccessor" />
     <bean type="ognl.PropertyAccessor" name="java.util.HashMap" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ognl.accessor.XWorkMapPropertyAccessor" />

     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.security.ExcludedPatternsChecker" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.security.DefaultExcludedPatternsChecker" scope="prototype" />
     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.security.AcceptedPatternsChecker" name="struts" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.security.DefaultAcceptedPatternsChecker" scope="prototype" />

     <bean type="com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.ValueSubstitutor" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.config.providers.EnvsValueSubstitutor" scope="singleton"/>

     <package name="struts-default" abstract="true" strict-method-invocation="true">
         <result-types>
             <result-type name="chain" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionChainResult"/>
             <result-type name="dispatcher" class="org.apache.struts2.result.ServletDispatcherResult" default="true"/>
             <result-type name="freemarker" class="org.apache.struts2.views.freemarker.FreemarkerResult"/>
             <result-type name="httpheader" class="org.apache.struts2.result.HttpHeaderResult"/>
             <result-type name="redirect" class="org.apache.struts2.result.ServletRedirectResult"/>
             <result-type name="redirectAction" class="org.apache.struts2.result.ServletActionRedirectResult"/>
             <result-type name="stream" class="org.apache.struts2.result.StreamResult"/>
             <result-type name="velocity" class="org.apache.struts2.result.VelocityResult"/>
             <result-type name="xslt" class="org.apache.struts2.views.xslt.XSLTResult"/>
             <result-type name="plainText" class="org.apache.struts2.result.PlainTextResult" />
             <result-type name="postback" class="org.apache.struts2.result.PostbackResult" />
         </result-types>

         <interceptors>
             <interceptor name="alias" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.AliasInterceptor"/>
             <interceptor name="autowiring" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.spring.interceptor.ActionAutowiringInterceptor"/>
             <interceptor name="chain" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ChainingInterceptor"/>
             <interceptor name="conversionError" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.StrutsConversionErrorInterceptor"/>
             <interceptor name="cookie" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.CookieInterceptor"/>
             <interceptor name="cookieProvider" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.CookieProviderInterceptor"/>
             <interceptor name="clearSession" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ClearSessionInterceptor" />
             <interceptor name="createSession" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.CreateSessionInterceptor" />
             <interceptor name="debugging" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.debugging.DebuggingInterceptor" />
             <interceptor name="execAndWait" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ExecuteAndWaitInterceptor"/>
             <interceptor name="exception" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ExceptionMappingInterceptor"/>
             <interceptor name="fileUpload" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.FileUploadInterceptor"/>
             <interceptor name="i18n" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.I18nInterceptor"/>
             <interceptor name="logger" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.LoggingInterceptor"/>
             <interceptor name="modelDriven" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ModelDrivenInterceptor"/>
             <interceptor name="scopedModelDriven" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ScopedModelDrivenInterceptor"/>
             <interceptor name="params" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ParametersInterceptor"/>
             <interceptor name="actionMappingParams" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ActionMappingParametersInteceptor"/>
             <interceptor name="prepare" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.PrepareInterceptor"/>
             <interceptor name="staticParams" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.StaticParametersInterceptor"/>
             <interceptor name="scope" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ScopeInterceptor"/>
             <interceptor name="servletConfig" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletConfigInterceptor"/>
             <interceptor name="timer" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.TimerInterceptor"/>
             <interceptor name="token" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.TokenInterceptor"/>
             <interceptor name="tokenSession" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.TokenSessionStoreInterceptor"/>
             <interceptor name="validation" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.validation.AnnotationValidationInterceptor"/>
             <interceptor name="workflow" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.DefaultWorkflowInterceptor"/>
             <interceptor name="store" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.MessageStoreInterceptor" />
             <interceptor name="checkbox" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.CheckboxInterceptor" />
             <interceptor name="datetime" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.DateTextFieldInterceptor" />
             <interceptor name="profiling" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ProfilingActivationInterceptor" />
             <interceptor name="roles" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.RolesInterceptor" />
             <interceptor name="annotationWorkflow" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.annotations.AnnotationWorkflowInterceptor" />
             <interceptor name="multiselect" class="org.apache.struts2.interceptor.MultiselectInterceptor" />

             <!-- Basic stack -->
             <interceptor-stack name="basicStack">
                 <interceptor-ref name="exception"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="servletConfig"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="prepare"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="checkbox"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="datetime"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="multiselect"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="actionMappingParams"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="params"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="conversionError"/>
             </interceptor-stack>

             <!-- Sample validation and workflow stack -->
             <interceptor-stack name="validationWorkflowStack">
                 <interceptor-ref name="basicStack"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="validation"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="workflow"/>
             </interceptor-stack>

             <!-- Sample file upload stack -->
             <interceptor-stack name="fileUploadStack">
                 <interceptor-ref name="fileUpload"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="basicStack"/>
             </interceptor-stack>

             <!-- Sample model-driven stack  -->
             <interceptor-stack name="modelDrivenStack">
                 <interceptor-ref name="modelDriven"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="basicStack"/>
             </interceptor-stack>

             <!-- Sample action chaining stack -->
             <interceptor-stack name="chainStack">
                 <interceptor-ref name="chain"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="basicStack"/>
             </interceptor-stack>

             <!-- Sample i18n stack -->
             <interceptor-stack name="i18nStack">
                 <interceptor-ref name="i18n"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="basicStack"/>
             </interceptor-stack>

             <!-- An example of the paramsPrepareParams trick. This stack
                  is exactly the same as the defaultStack, except that it
                  includes one extra interceptor before the prepare interceptor:
                  the params interceptor.

                  This is useful for when you wish to apply parameters directly
                  to an object that you wish to load externally (such as a DAO
                  or database or service layer), but can't load that object
                  until at least the ID parameter has been loaded. By loading
                  the parameters twice, you can retrieve the object in the
                  prepare() method, allowing the second params interceptor to
                  apply the values on the object. -->
             <interceptor-stack name="paramsPrepareParamsStack">
                 <interceptor-ref name="exception"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="alias"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="i18n"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="checkbox"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="datetime"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="multiselect"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="params"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="servletConfig"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="prepare"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="chain"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="modelDriven"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="fileUpload"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="staticParams"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="actionMappingParams"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="params"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="conversionError"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="validation">
                     <param name="excludeMethods">input,back,cancel,browse</param>
                 </interceptor-ref>
                 <interceptor-ref name="workflow">
                     <param name="excludeMethods">input,back,cancel,browse</param>
                 </interceptor-ref>
             </interceptor-stack>

             <!-- A complete stack with all the common interceptors in place.
                  Generally, this stack should be the one you use, though it
                  may do more than you need. Also, the ordering can be
                  switched around (ex: if you wish to have your servlet-related
                  objects applied before prepare() is called, you'd need to move
                  servletConfig interceptor up.

                  This stack also excludes from the normal validation and workflow
                  the method names input, back, and cancel. These typically are
                  associated with requests that should not be validated.
                  -->
             <interceptor-stack name="defaultStack">
                 <interceptor-ref name="exception"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="alias"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="servletConfig"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="i18n"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="prepare"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="chain"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="scopedModelDriven"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="modelDriven"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="fileUpload"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="checkbox"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="datetime"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="multiselect"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="staticParams"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="actionMappingParams"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="params"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="conversionError"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="validation">
                     <param name="excludeMethods">input,back,cancel,browse</param>
                 </interceptor-ref>
                 <interceptor-ref name="workflow">
                     <param name="excludeMethods">input,back,cancel,browse</param>
                 </interceptor-ref>
                 <interceptor-ref name="debugging"/>
             </interceptor-stack>

             <!-- The completeStack is here for backwards compatibility for
                  applications that still refer to the defaultStack by the
                  old name -->
             <interceptor-stack name="completeStack">
                 <interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"/>
             </interceptor-stack>

             <!-- Sample execute and wait stack.
                  Note: execAndWait should always be the *last* interceptor. -->
             <interceptor-stack name="executeAndWaitStack">
                 <interceptor-ref name="execAndWait">
                     <param name="excludeMethods">input,back,cancel</param>
                 </interceptor-ref>
                 <interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"/>
                 <interceptor-ref name="execAndWait">
                     <param name="excludeMethods">input,back,cancel</param>
                 </interceptor-ref>
             </interceptor-stack>

        </interceptors>

         <default-interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"/>

         <default-class-ref class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport" />

         <global-allowed-methods>execute,input,back,cancel,browse,save,delete,list,index</global-allowed-methods>

     </package>

 </struts>

<bean>标签

　　bean标签有一个必须属性那就是class，指定类名，基本上很少需要扩展，主要有两个作用

　　　　|- 创建的Bean实例作为Struts2框架的核心组件使用。

　　　　|-  Bean的静态方法需要一个值注入。

　　六个属性：

　　　　|-class：指定类名

　　　　|-type：指定实现的接口

　　　　|-name：指定唯一的名字

　　　　|-scope：指定作用范围(default, singleton, request, session, thread)

　　　　|-static:指定是不是需要注入静态方法

　　　　|-sptional：指定这个bean是不是可选的

<constant/>标签

　　用来定制容器的一些属性，比如限制上传文件的大小之类的，指明具体实现哪个接口

　　|-name:常量的名字

　　|-value:常量的值

<include/>标签

　　用来引入配置文件

　　例： <include file="Hello.xml"/>

<package/>标签

　　|- name(必须):定义一个包的名字，可以给别的包引用

　　|- extends:用来继承别的包;例如继承默认的包extends="struts-default"，继承多个包的时候用逗号分隔

　　|- namespace：用来划分模块，默认的namespace是一个""（空字符串），在访问的时候需要在路径上加上namespace，在不同的namespace里面可以有相同名字的action

　　|-abstract:定义一个抽象包，包里不需要定义action，默认的struts-default包就是一个抽象包

<result-types/>标签

　　在<result-types>标签里面可以定义很多个<result-type>

　　一个action在执行完之后，会返回一个字符串，这个字符串的值就用来选择一个result，返回到出力中。这个字符串的值在ActionSupport类中提供了以下几个固定值，当然我们也可以根据自己的实际情况来自定义。

　　String SUCCESS="success";

　　String NONE="none";

　　String EOOR="error";

　　String INPUT="input";

　　String LOGIN="login";

还可以通过default选项来把这个result设置为默认的result,当没有其他的result匹配的时候，这个默认的就会被匹配。

在<result/>标签中，除了需要提供一个匹配的名字外，还有一个可选的type如下：

　　Chain Result:用来连接到另一个action

　　Dispatcher Result:转发（默认）

　　Redirect Reslut:重定向

　　Redirect Action Result:用来重定向到一个action

　　当然还有　　HttpHeader Result、FreeMarker Result、Stream Result、Velocity Result、XSL Result、PlainText Result、Tiles 2 Result、Tiles 3 Result、Postback Result、JSON Result等等

　　全局reslult

　　有的时候一些result是很多地方都需要使用的，就可以直接定义一个global-result，然后在其他地方都可以引用它。

<global-results>
    <result name="error">/Error.jsp</result>
    <result name="invalid.token">/Error.jsp</result>
    <result name="login" type="redirectAction">Logon!input</result>
</global-results>

　　在给result指定跳转的目的地的时候，还可以使用动态的result，使用EL表达式来实现访问action的属性。就像使用Struts2的标签一样。

<interceptors/>标签

　　在interceptors标签里面可以定义多个</interceptor>和<interceptor-stack/>

示例：

 <package name="default" extends="struts-default">
    <interceptors>
         <interceptor name="timer" class=".."/>
         <interceptor name="logger" class=".."/>
         <interceptor-stack name="myStack">
            <interceptor-ref name="timer"/>
            <interceptor-ref name="logger"/>
         </interceptor-stack>
     </interceptors>

 <action name="login"
      class="tutuorial.Login">
          <interceptor-ref name="myStack"/>
          <result name="input">login.jsp</result>
          <result name="success"
              type="redirectAction">/secure/home</result>
 </action>
 </package>

<action/>标签

　　|-name：给action指定一个唯一的名字

　　|-class：action对应的类

　　|-method：指定类的入口方法

　　|-converter：类型转换器

　在action标签中，支持使用通配符(wildcard),

<default-action-ref/>

　　当一个请求的action name不能找到匹配的时候，就可以通过这个指定一个默认的，一般用于指定页面找不到的404页面。

通配符

例：

<action name="/edit*" class="org.apache.struts.webapp.example.Edit{1}Action">
    <result name="failure">/mainMenu.jsp</result>
    <result>{1}.jsp</result>
</action>

*：匹配零个或多个字符，除了‘/’

**：匹配零个或多个字符，包括‘/’

\*：匹配'*'

\\：匹配‘/’