UVA 12232 - Exclusive-OR(带权并查集)

时间:2022-06-22 18:12:15

UVA 12232 - Exclusive-OR

题目链接

题意:有n个数字。一開始值都不知道,每次给定一个操作,I a v表示确认a值为v,I a b v,表示确认a^b = v,Q k a1 a2 a3 ... ak。表示推断这些数字的异或值是否能确定。能确定就输出值,假设有矛盾就停止

思路:带权并查集,权表示和父结点的异或值,那么多数推断的时候,仅仅要全部数字和他的父结点的异或值的异或值。假设父结点的个数是偶数个。那么依据异或的性质能抵消掉,是能够判定的。假设不为偶数,就是不能判定。

注意第一种操作,要加个小处理,就是多一个虚拟结点,保证虚拟结点始终为根。虚拟结点代表0。这样仅仅要连到虚拟结点上。第一种和另外一种操作事实上就是一样的了

代码:

#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std; const int N = 20005; int n, qn, parent[N], val[N], vis[N];
struct query {
char c;
int a, b, v, k, x[20];
} q[2 * N]; int find(int x) {
if (x == parent[x]) return x;
int tmp = parent[x];
parent[x] = find(parent[x]);
val[x] ^= val[tmp];
return parent[x];
} void init() {
for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {
parent[i] = i;
val[i] = 0;
}
char Q[105];
for (int i = 0; i < qn; i++) {
scanf("%s", Q);
q[i].c = Q[0];
int a, b, v;
if (Q[0] == 'I') {
gets(Q);
if (sscanf(Q, "%d%d%d", &a, &b, &v) == 2) {
v = b; b = n;
}
q[i].a = a; q[i].b = b; q[i].v = v;
}
else {
scanf("%d", &q[i].k);
for (int j = 0; j < q[i].k; j++)
scanf("%d", &q[i].x[j]);
}
}
} void solve() {
int fir = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < qn; i++) {
if (q[i].c == 'I') {
fir++;
int pa = find(q[i].a);
int pb = find(q[i].b);
if (pa == n) swap(pa, pb);
if (pa == pb) {
if ((val[q[i].a]^val[q[i].b]) != q[i].v) {
printf("The first %d facts are conflicting.\n", fir);
return;
}
}
else {
parent[pa] = pb;
val[pa] = val[q[i].a]^val[q[i].b]^q[i].v;
}
}
else {
int ans = 0;
for (int j = 0; j < q[i].k; j++) {
int px = find(q[i].x[j]);
ans ^= val[q[i].x[j]];
if (px != n)
vis[px] ^= 1;
}
int flag = 1;
for (int j = 0; j < q[i].k; j++) {
if (vis[parent[q[i].x[j]]])
flag = 0;
vis[parent[q[i].x[j]]] = 0;
}
if (flag) printf("%d\n", ans);
else printf("I don't know.\n");
}
}
} int main() {
int cas = 0;
while (~scanf("%d%d", &n, &qn) && n) {
init();
printf("Case %d:\n", ++cas);
solve();
printf("\n");
}
return 0;
}