1. 简单变量的复制
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a = 5;
int b = a;
System.out.println(a);
System.out.println(b);
}
八种基本数据类型的(int,boolean,char,byte,short,float,double.long)都适用于这种情况。
2. 对象的复制
对象的复制并没有基本类型变量的复制这么简单,下面看一个例子
2.1 准备一个Student类
package com.jepson.java; /**
* @author jepson
* @create 2018-09-21 23:20
*/
public class Student {
private String name; public String getName() {
return name;
} public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}
2.2 测试Object的测试
package com.jepson.java; /**
* @author jepson
* @create 2018-09-21 23:21
*/
public class TestObjectCopy {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Student stu1 = new Student();
stu1.setName("jepson");
Student stu2 = stu1;
System.out.println("student1:"+stu1.getName());
System.out.println("student2:"+stu2.getName());
}
}
2.3 运行结果
student1:jepson
student2:jepson
2.4 总结
这里我们自定义了一个学生类,该类只有一个name字段。
我们新建了一个学生实例,然后将该值赋值给stu2实例。(Student stu2 = stu1;)
再看看打印结果,作为一个新手,拍了拍胸腹,对象复制不过如此,
难道真的是这样吗?
2.5 举一反三
我们试着改变stu2实例的name字段,再打印结果看看
package com.jepson.java; /**
* @author jepson
* @create 2018-09-21 23:21
*/
public class TestObjectCopy {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Student stu1 = new Student();
stu1.setName("jepson");
Student stu2 = stu1;
stu2.setName("tom");
System.out.println("student1:"+stu1.getName());
System.out.println("student2:"+stu2.getName());
}
}
打印结果
student1:tom
student2:tom
这就怪了,为什么改变学生2的学号,学生1的学号也发生了变化呢?
原因出在(stu2 = stu1) 这一句。该语句的作用是将stu1的引用赋值给stu2,
这样,stu1和stu2指向内存堆中同一个对象。如图:
那么,怎样才能达到复制一个对象呢?
是否记得万类之王Object。它有11个方法,有两个protected的方法,其中一个为clone方法。
该方法的签名是:
protected native Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException;
因为每个类直接或间接的父类都是Object,因此它们都含有clone()方法,但是因为该方法是protected,所以都不能在类外进行访问。
要想对一个对象进行复制,就需要对clone方法覆盖。
3 对象的浅拷贝(浅复制)
1. 被复制的类需要实现Clonenable接口(不实现的话在调用clone方法会抛出CloneNotSupportedException异常) 该接口为标记接口(不含任何方法)
2. 覆盖clone()方法,访问修饰符设为public。方法中调用super.clone()方法得到需要的复制对象,(native为本地方法)
3.1 修改Student类
1.实现Cloneable接口
2.重写clone方法
3.访问修饰符改为public
package com.jepson.java; /**
* @author jepson
* @create 2018-09-21 23:20
*/
public class Student implements Cloneable{ @Override
public Object clone() {
Student stu = null;
try{
stu = (Student)super.clone();
}catch(CloneNotSupportedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return stu;
} private String name; public String getName() {
return name;
} public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}
3.2 修改测试类
1.调用clone方法。
package com.jepson.java; /**
* @author jepson
* @create 2018-09-21 23:21
*/
public class TestObjectCopy {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Student stu1 = new Student();
stu1.setName("jepson");
Student stu2 = (Student)stu1.clone();
stu2.setName("浅拷贝-tom");
System.out.println("student1:"+stu1.getName());
System.out.println("student2:"+stu2.getName());
}
}
打印结果
如果你还不相信这两个对象不是同一个对象,那么可以测试一下
package com.jepson.java; /**
* @author jepson
* @create 2018-09-21 23:21
*/
public class TestObjectCopy {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Student stu1 = new Student();
stu1.setName("jepson");
Student stu2 = (Student)stu1.clone();
stu2.setName("浅拷贝-tom");
System.out.println("student1:"+stu1.getName());
System.out.println("student2:"+stu2.getName());
System.out.println(stu1==stu2);
}
}
打印结果
4 对象的深拷贝(深复制)
我们在学生类里再加一个Address类。
Address类如下:
package com.jepson.java; /**
* @author jepson
* @create 2018-09-21 23:57
*/
public class Address {
private String address; public String getAddress() {
return address;
} public void setAddress(String address) {
this.address = address;
} @Override
public String toString() {
return "Address{" +
"address='" + address + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
Student类如下:
package com.jepson.java; /**
* @author jepson
* @create 2018-09-21 23:20
*/
public class Student implements Cloneable{ private String name; private Address address; public Address getAddress() {
return address;
} public void setAddress(Address address) {
this.address = address;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
} public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
} @Override
public Object clone() {
Student stu = null;
try{
stu = (Student)super.clone();
}catch(CloneNotSupportedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return stu;
} }
测试类
package com.jepson.java; /**
* @author jepson
* @create 2018-09-21 23:21
*/
public class TestObjectCopy {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Address address = new Address();
address.setAddress("成都市"); Student stu1 = new Student();
stu1.setName("jepson");
stu1.setAddress(address); Student stu2 = (Student)stu1.clone(); stu2.setName("深拷贝-tom");
System.out.println("student1:"+stu1.getName()+"::::"+stu1.getAddress());
System.out.println("student2:"+stu2.getName()+"::::"+stu2.getAddress());
System.out.println(stu1==stu2);
}
}
打印结果
乍一看没什么问题,真的是这样吗?
我们在main方法中试着改变addr实例的地址。
package com.jepson.java; /**
* @author jepson
* @create 2018-09-21 23:21
*/
public class TestObjectCopy {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Address address = new Address();
address.setAddress("成都市");
Student stu1 = new Student();
stu1.setName("jepson");
stu1.setAddress(address); Student stu2 = (Student)stu1.clone(); stu2.setName("深拷贝-tom");
System.out.println("student1:"+stu1.getName()+"::::"+stu1.getAddress());
System.out.println("student2:"+stu2.getName()+"::::"+stu2.getAddress()); address.setAddress("重庆区");
stu2.setName("深拷贝-tom");
System.out.println("student1:"+stu1.getName()+"::::"+stu1.getAddress());
System.out.println("student2:"+stu2.getName()+"::::"+stu2.getAddress()); System.out.println(stu1==stu2);
}
}
打印结果
这就奇怪了,怎么两个学生的地址都改变了?
原因是浅复制只是复制了addr变量的引用,并没有真正的开辟另一块空间,将值复制后再将引用返回给新对象。
所以,为了达到真正的复制对象,而不是纯粹引用复制。我们需要将Address类可复制化,并且修改clone方法,完整代码如下:
1.修改Address类
1.实现Cloneable接口
2.重写clone方法
package com.jepson.java; /**
* @author jepson
* @create 2018-09-21 23:57
*/
public class Address implements Cloneable{
private String address; public String getAddress() {
return address;
} public void setAddress(String address) {
this.address = address;
} @Override
public String toString() {
return "Address{" +
"address='" + address + '\'' +
'}';
} @Override
protected Object clone() {
Address addr = null;
try{
addr = (Address)super.clone();
}catch(CloneNotSupportedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return addr;
}
}
2. 修改Student类
clone方法中加入深度复制
package com.jepson.java; /**
* @author jepson
* @create 2018-09-21 23:20
*/
public class Student implements Cloneable{ private String name; private Address address; public Address getAddress() {
return address;
} public void setAddress(Address address) {
this.address = address;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
} public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
} @Override
public Object clone() {
Student stu = null;
try{
stu = (Student)super.clone(); // 浅复制
}catch(CloneNotSupportedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
stu.address = (Address)address.clone(); //深度复制
return stu;
} }
3. 测试类
package com.jepson.java; /**
* @author jepson
* @create 2018-09-21 23:21
*/
public class TestObjectCopy {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Address address = new Address();
address.setAddress("成都市");
Student stu1 = new Student();
stu1.setName("jepson");
stu1.setAddress(address); Student stu2 = (Student)stu1.clone(); stu2.setName("深拷贝-tom");
System.out.println("student1:"+stu1.getName()+"::::"+stu1.getAddress());
System.out.println("student2:"+stu2.getName()+"::::"+stu2.getAddress()); address.setAddress("重庆区");
stu2.setName("深拷贝-tom");
System.out.println("student1:"+stu1.getName()+"::::"+stu1.getAddress());
System.out.println("student2:"+stu2.getName()+"::::"+stu2.getAddress()); System.out.println(stu1==stu2);
}
}
这样结果就符合我们的想法了。
总结:浅拷贝是指在拷贝对象时,对于基本数据类型的变量会重新复制一份,而对于引用类型的变量只是对引用进行拷贝,
没有对引用指向的对象进行拷贝。
而深拷贝是指在拷贝对象时,同时会对引用指向的对象进行拷贝。
区别就在于是否对 对象中的引用变量所指向的对象进行拷贝。