【基于WinForm+Access局域网共享数据库的项目总结】之篇一：WinForm开发总体概述与技术实现

篇一：WinForm开发总体概述与技术实现

篇二：WinForm开发扇形图统计和Excel数据导出

篇三：Access远程连接数据库和窗体打包部署

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【小记】：最近基于WinForm+Access数据库完成一个法律咨询管理系统。本系统要求类似网页后台管理效果，并且基于局域网内，完成多客户端操作同一数据库，根据权限不同分别执行不同功能模块。核心模块为级联统计类型管理、数据库咨询数据扇形统计、树的操作、咨询数据的管理、手写分页、Excel数据的导出、多用户操作服务器数据等。并支持多用户同时操作，远程连接数据库且对数据IP信息的修改。开发过程中特别对界面的要求和事后多用户操作显得略为麻烦。自此，本项目得以完善交付，然后对其进行小结。依旧采用整个框架认识，核心知识逐个梳理分析，以便于二次开发和需要之程序员共享。

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篇一：WinForm开发总体概述与技术实现

【开篇】运行效果图示和功能介绍

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1 登陆信息图示和功能概述

   注解：本登陆界面可实现远程连接数据库，点击：服务器设置窗体进行向下展开，在IP地址配置处输入正确的IP地址（前提需要远程连接服务器）。其原理为，App.config文件进行远程连接数据库配置，通过连接IP地址下共享文件夹中的Access数据文件访问。具体远程实现代码在篇二进行展开。并且通过对App.config文件操作进行IP地址的本地保存。

2 主窗体功能模块图示与功能概述

注解：管理员登陆进入主页面可以实现对系统的咨询管理、打印用户报表和咨询报表、对多组合数据扇形图的实现、用户管理、咨询类型级联修改和删除、以及个人信息的修改。律师进入页面后只能对我要咨询操作。整个数据控件的显示效果和布局方式，手写分页、以及如何实现类似网页版效果，后面逐步解析。

【总结】核心知识点梳理

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1 如何实现窗体折叠效果？如何读取连接字符串的IP地址？

            if (this.Height == 325)
            {
                button2.Text = "服务器设置 ↑";
                this.Height = 465;
            }
            else
            {
                button2.Text = "服务器设置 ↓";
                this.Height = 325;
            }

注：通过设置窗体高度和文本信息进行折叠

                //把连接数据库的字符串分割，并填充至文本框
                try
                {
                    XDocument doc = XDocument.Load(file);
                    //Provider=Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB.12.0;Data Source=//10.130.16.136/db/Legal.accdb
                    string connstring = doc.Elements("configuration").Elements("connectionStrings").Elements("add").Attributes("connectionString").FirstOrDefault().Value;
                    string[] array1 = connstring.Split(';');
                    string str = array1[1].Split('=')[1];//  ->//10.130.16.136/db/Legal.accdb
                    string[] newarray = str.Split('/');
                    this.textBox3.Text = newarray[2].Split('/')[0].ToString();
                }
                catch { }

  注：通过操作App.config文件，并且进行字符串截取获取IP地址

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2 如何进行连接远程数据库IP地址的设置与保存？

                if (textBox3.Text != "")
                {
                   string file = @"C:\db\App.config";                    
                   XDocument doc = XDocument.Load(file);
                   //sql数据库数据库配置
                   //string connstring = "initial catalog=Highway;Data Source=" + this.textBox3.Text + ";uid=" + this.textBox4.Text + ";pwd=" + this.textBox5.Text + ";";
                   //access数据库远程配置
                    //Provider=Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB.12.0;Data Source=//10.130.16.136/db/Legal.accdb
                    string connstring = @"Provider=Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB.12.0;Data Source=//" + textBox3.Text.ToString()+ "/db/Legal.accdb";
                    doc.Elements("configuration").Elements("connectionStrings").Elements("add").Attributes("connectionString").FirstOrDefault().SetValue(connstring);
                    doc.Save(file);
                    //由于DBHelperSQL中的ConnectionString(公共静态变量)未被修改引发的bug
                    XDocument xdoc = XDocument.Load(file);
                    string val = doc.Elements("configuration").Elements("connectionStrings").Elements("add").Attributes("connectionString").FirstOrDefault().Value;
                    SQLHelper.connstr = val;
                }

    注：在文本框中修改IP地址，然后通过操作本地App.config文件，进行修改保存操作。但是保存后要及时修改配置连接字符串中的数据。

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3 如何进行窗体间传值？

子窗体：
if (dt.Rows[0][1].ToString() == textBox1.Text.ToString() && dt.Rows[0][2].ToString() == textBox2.Text.ToString())
{
    int id = Convert.ToInt32(dt.Rows[0]["ID"].ToString());
    string type = dt.Rows[0][3].ToString();
    string name = this.textBox1.Text.ToString(); ;
    this.Hide();
    Fm_Main fm = new Fm_Main(id, name, type);
    fm.Show();
    this.Hide();
}

父窗体：
#region 构造函数接收用户名、管理权限
private string Name;
private string Type;
private int ID;
public Fm_Main() { }
public Fm_Main(int id,string name, string type)
{
    InitializeComponent();
    this.Name = name;
    this.Type = type;
    this.ID = id;
}
#endregion

注：在服父窗体写个构造函数，并且定义其属性，然后传参赋值即可。但是在构造函数中添加如下语句： InitializeComponent();否则运行不是自己预期的效果。

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4 父窗体如何作为容器，显示子窗体？

            //绘制的方式OwnerDrawFixed表示由窗体绘制大小也一样
         this.tabControl1.DrawMode = TabDrawMode.OwnerDrawFixed;
            this.tabControl1.Padding = new System.Drawing.Point(CLOSE_SIZE, CLOSE_SIZE);
            this.tabControl1.DrawItem +=new DrawItemEventHandler(tabControl1_DrawItem);
            this.tabControl1.MouseDown += new MouseEventHandler(tabControl1_MouseDown);

        #region  绘制tabControl的关闭按钮，以及关闭功能的实现
        private void tabControl1_DrawItem(object sender, DrawItemEventArgs e)
        {
            try
            {
                Rectangle myTabRect = this.tabControl1.GetTabRect(e.Index);
                //先添加TabPage属性
                e.Graphics.DrawString(this.tabControl1.TabPages[e.Index].Text, this.Font, SystemBrushes.ControlText, myTabRect.X + , myTabRect.Y + );
                //再画一个矩形框
                using (Pen p = new Pen(Color.White))
                {
                    myTabRect.Offset(myTabRect.Width - (CLOSE_SIZE + ), );
                    myTabRect.Width = CLOSE_SIZE;
                    myTabRect.Height = CLOSE_SIZE;
                    e.Graphics.DrawRectangle(p, myTabRect);
                }
                //填充矩形框
                Color recColor = e.State == DrawItemState.Selected ? Color.White : Color.White;
                using (Brush b = new SolidBrush(recColor))
                {
                    e.Graphics.FillRectangle(b, myTabRect);
                }
                //画关闭符号
                using (Pen objpen = new Pen(Color.Black))
                {

                    //使用图片
                    Bitmap bt = new Bitmap(image);
                    Point p5 = new Point(myTabRect.X, );
                    e.Graphics.DrawImage(bt, p5);
                    //e.Graphics.DrawString(this.MainTabControl.TabPages[e.Index].Text, this.Font, objpen.Brush, p5);
                }
                e.Graphics.Dispose();
            }
            catch (Exception)
            { }
        }
       //鼠标作用事件设置
        void tabControl1_MouseDown(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
        {
            if (e.Button == MouseButtons.Left)
            {

                int x = e.X, y = e.Y;
                //计算关闭区域
                Rectangle myTabRect = this.tabControl1.GetTabRect(this.tabControl1.SelectedIndex);
                myTabRect.Offset(myTabRect.Width - (CLOSE_SIZE + ), );
                myTabRect.Width = CLOSE_SIZE;
                myTabRect.Height = CLOSE_SIZE;
                //如果鼠标在区域内就关闭选项卡
                bool isClose = x > myTabRect.X && x < myTabRect.Right && y > myTabRect.Y && y < myTabRect.Bottom;
                if (isClose == true)
                {
                    this.tabControl1.TabPages.Remove(this.tabControl1.SelectedTab);
                }
            }
        }
        const int CLOSE_SIZE = ;

        //tabPage标签图片

        Bitmap image = new Bitmap(@"C:\db\btnClose.png");
      #endregion

注：首先在窗体加载方法加入以上事件，并且对选项卡关闭进行画图。

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5  子窗体怎样加载在父窗体的Panel面板中，且类似网页效果？

            //用户管理
        private void Moth_User()
        {
            if (ErgodicModiForm("tbuse", tabControl1) == true)
            {
                tbUser = new TabPage("用户管理");
                tbUser.Name = "tbuse";
                tabControl1.Controls.Add(tbUser);

                UserManage form = new UserManage();
                form.TopLevel = false;
                form.FormBorderStyle = FormBorderStyle.None;
                form.WindowState = FormWindowState.Maximized;
                form.BackColor = Color.White;
                form.Anchor = AnchorStyles.Top | AnchorStyles.Left | AnchorStyles.Right;
                form.Show();
                tbUser.Controls.Add(form);
            }
            tabControl1.SelectedTab = tbUser;
        }

        //判断选项卡是否存在
        private Boolean ErgodicModiForm(string MainTabControlKey, TabControl objTabControl)
        {
            //遍历选项卡判断是否存在该子窗体
            foreach (Control con in objTabControl.Controls)
            {
                TabPage tab = (TabPage)con;
                if (tab.Name == MainTabControlKey)
                {
                    return false;//存在
                }
            }
            return true;//不存在
        }

注：通过在父窗体有部分panel面板中，添加

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6 视图的平铺、垂直、层叠效果的实现？

        #region 视图显示
        private void 平铺ToolStripMenuItem1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            LayoutMdi(MdiLayout.TileHorizontal);
        }

        private void 垂直ToolStripMenuItem1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            LayoutMdi(MdiLayout.TileVertical);
        }

        private void 层叠ToolStripMenuItem1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            LayoutMdi(MdiLayout.Cascade);
        }
        #endregion

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7  树节点如何导航到父窗体的panel面板？

        private void treeView1_AfterSelect_1(object sender, TreeViewEventArgs e)
        {
            try
            {
                switch (e.Node.Text.ToString())//字符串
                {
                    case "法律服务中心"://注意字符串夹引号，以下均是
                        Moth_Apply();
                        break;
                    case "我要咨询"://注意字符串夹引号，以下均是
                        Moth_Apply();
                        break;
                    case "用户报表导出"://注意字符串夹引号，以下均是
                            Moth_Print();
                        break;
                    case "咨询报表导出"://注意字符串夹引号，以下均是
                        Moth_Print1();
                        break;

                    case "统计图"://注意字符串夹引号，以下均是
                            Moth_Graph();
                        break;
                    case "二级统计图"://注意字符串夹引号，以下均是
                        Moth_TwoGraph();
                        break;
                    case "三级统计图"://注意字符串夹引号，以下均是
                        Moth_ThreeGraph();
                        break;
                    case "用户查询"://注意字符串夹引号，以下均是
                            Moth_User();
                        break;
                    case "律师"://注意字符串夹引号，以下均是
                            Moth_lvshi();
                        break;
                    case "管理员"://注意字符串夹引号，以下均是
                            Moth_guanli();
                        break;
                }
            }
            catch { return; }
        }

注：前面5中的方法，在7中遍历调用即可！

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8  如何隐藏树中部分节点？

        public void HideNotes()
        {
            for (int i = ; i < this.treeView1.Nodes.Count; i++)
            {
                FetchNode(this.treeView1.Nodes[i]);//递归根节点的所有子节点
            }
        }
        private void FetchNode(TreeNode node)
        {
            //nodeList.Add(node);
            for (int i = ; i < node.Nodes.Count; i++)
            {
                if (node.Text == "报表")
                {
                    treeView1.Nodes.Remove(node.Nodes[]);
                }
                if (node.Text == "法律服务中心")
                {
                    treeView1.Nodes.Remove(node.Nodes[]);
                }

                if (node.Text == "统计图")
                {
                    treeView1.Nodes.Remove(node);
                }

                else
                {
                    FetchNode(node.Nodes[i]);
                }
            }
        }

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9 如何实现打包后的窗体类似qq效果，最小化可以在任务栏，点击显示原状态？

        //类似qq最小化
        private void Fm_Main_SizeChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if (this.WindowState == FormWindowState.Minimized)
            {
                this.Hide();
                this.notifyIcon1.Visible = true;
            }
        }

        private void notifyIcon1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            this.Visible = true;
            this.WindowState = FormWindowState.Maximized;
        }

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10  手写窗体分页效果？

           public int pageSize = ;      //每页记录数
        public int recordCount = ;    //总记录数
        public int pageCount = ;      //总页数
        public int currentPage = ;    //当前页
        public DataTable dtSource = new DataTable();
     //加载窗体分页显示数据
        private void LoadPage()
        {
            //数据库操作获得DataTable,获取总页数
            string sql = "select * from L_consult order by ID desc";
            dtSource = SQLHelper.GetTableData(sql);
            recordCount = dtSource.Rows.Count;
            pageCount = (recordCount / pageSize);
            if ((recordCount % pageSize) > )
            {
                pageCount++;
            }
            //逻辑判断页数显示
            if (currentPage < ) currentPage = ;
            if (currentPage > pageCount) currentPage = pageCount;
            int beginRecord;
            int endRecord;
            DataTable dtTemp;
            dtTemp = dtSource.Clone();
            beginRecord = pageSize * (currentPage - );
            if (currentPage == ) beginRecord = ;
            endRecord = pageSize * currentPage;
            if (currentPage == pageCount) endRecord = recordCount;
            for (int i = beginRecord; i < endRecord; i++)
            {
                dtTemp.ImportRow(dtSource.Rows[i]);
            }
            dataGridView2.DataSource = dtTemp;
            lblcount.Text = recordCount.ToString();
            lblpagecount.Text = pageCount.ToString();
            lblpage.Text = pageSize.ToString();
            txtindexpage.Text = currentPage.ToString();
        }

        //首页
        private void bntfrist_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            currentPage = ;
            LoadPage();
        }
        //上一页
        private void bntpriove_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            currentPage--;
            LoadPage();
        }
        //下一页
        private void bntnext_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            currentPage++;
            LoadPage();
        }
        //尾页
        private void bntlast_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            currentPage = pageCount;
            LoadPage();
        }
        //跳转
        private void bntGO_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if (txtgo.Text == "")
            {
                int pageN = ;
            }
            else
            {
                int pageN = Convert.ToInt32(txtgo.Text);
                currentPage = pageN;
                LoadPage();
            }
        }

注：本功能初始想采用分页控件，后来多次使用失败，总是报错。索性自己手写一个分页控件。需要五个button按钮和2个文本框。

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11   代码事件 设置数据控件外观？

        /// <summary>
        /// 用来记录先前的颜色值
        /// </summary>
        Color colorTmp = Color.White;
        /// <summary>
        /// 记录鼠标形状
        /// </summary>
        Cursor cursorTmp = Cursor.Current;
        //设置数据控件外观
        private void dataGridView2_DataBindingComplete(object sender, DataGridViewBindingCompleteEventArgs e)
        {

            for (int i = ; i < dataGridView2.Rows.Count; i++)
            {
                if (i %  == )
                {
                    dataGridView2.Rows[i].DefaultCellStyle.BackColor = Color.Bisque; ;
                }
                else
                {
                    dataGridView2.Rows[i].DefaultCellStyle.BackColor = Color.White;
                }
            }
        }
        //鼠标划过
        private void dataGridView2_CellMouseEnter(object sender, DataGridViewCellEventArgs e)
        {
            if (e.RowIndex >= )
            {
                colorTmp = dataGridView2.Rows[e.RowIndex].DefaultCellStyle.BackColor;
                dataGridView2.Rows[e.RowIndex].DefaultCellStyle.BackColor = Color.Silver;
                if (e.ColumnIndex == )//改变第二列鼠标形状
                {
                    cursorTmp = this.Cursor;
                    this.Cursor = Cursors.Hand;
                }
            }
        }
        //鼠标离开
        private void dataGridView2_CellMouseLeave(object sender, DataGridViewCellEventArgs e)
        {
            if (e.RowIndex >= )
            {
                dataGridView2.Rows[e.RowIndex].DefaultCellStyle.BackColor = colorTmp;
                if (e.ColumnIndex == )
                {
                    this.Cursor = cursorTmp;
                }
            }
        }
     

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12  执行删改获取当前数据主键？

            int index = dataGridView2.CurrentRow.Index;
            int EmpId = Convert.ToInt32(dataGridView2.Rows[index].Cells[0].Value.ToString());

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13  数据类型管理，实现级联删除？

        //级联删除
        private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if (dataGridView1.SelectedRows.Count > )
            {
                if (dataGridView1.Rows.Count > )
                {
                    int index = dataGridView1.CurrentRow.Index;
                    int EmpId = Convert.ToInt32(dataGridView1.Rows[index].Cells[].Value.ToString());

                    if (MessageBox.Show("删除后将不能恢复！", "提示信息", MessageBoxButtons.OKCancel, MessageBoxIcon.Warning) == DialogResult.OK)
                    {
                        //删除A表
                        string asql = "delete  from A_type where ID=" + EmpId;//删除父级别类型
                        //删除B表
                        string sqlaname = "select name from A_type  where ID="+EmpId;//条件关联删除子表
                        DataTable dt = MYHelper.SQLHelper.GetTableData(sqlaname);
                        string aname = dt.Rows[]["name"].ToString();
                        string sqlbname = "select bname from B_type  where aname='" + aname + "'";//条件关联删除子表
                        DataTable dtb = MYHelper.SQLHelper.GetTableData(sqlbname);
                        int c=;
                        for (int i = ; i < dtb.Rows.Count; i++)
                        {
                             string bname = dtb.Rows[i][].ToString();
                             string csql = "delete  from C_type where bname='" + bname + "'";//删除父级别类型
                             c = SQLHelper.ExecuteQuery(csql);
                        }
                        string bsql = "delete  from B_type where aname='" + aname+"'";//删除父级别类型
                        //删除C表

                        int b = SQLHelper.ExecuteQuery(bsql);
                        int a = SQLHelper.ExecuteQuery(asql);
                        if (a > &&b>&&c>)
                        {
                            MessageBox.Show("删除成功！");
                            this.LoadPage();
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

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14  数据类型管理，实现级联修改？

        //级联修改
        private void button4_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            try
            {
                if (IsNull() == true)
                {
                     int index = dataGridView1.CurrentRow.Index;
                     int EmpId = Convert.ToInt32(dataGridView1.Rows[index].Cells[].Value.ToString());
                    //修改a表
                    string asql = "update  A_type set name='" + txttype1.Text.ToString() + "' where ID=" + EmpId;

                    string sqlaname = "select name from A_type  where ID=" + EmpId;//条件关联子表
                    DataTable dt = MYHelper.SQLHelper.GetTableData(sqlaname);
                    string aname = dt.Rows[]["name"].ToString();
                    int a = SQLHelper.ExecuteQuery(asql);
                    DataTable dta = MYHelper.SQLHelper.GetTableData(sqlaname);
                    string aaname = dta.Rows[]["name"].ToString();
                   //修改b表
                    string bsql = "update  B_type set aname='" + aaname + "' where aname='" + aname + "'";

                    int b = SQLHelper.ExecuteQuery(bsql);
                    if (a > &&b>)
                    {
                        MessageBox.Show("添加成功！");
                        this.LoadPage();
                        this.Clear();
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        MessageBox.Show("添加失败！");
                    }
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                MessageBox.Show(ex.Message + ex.StackTrace);
            }
        }

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15 Access数据库连接语句，如何实现远程连接？
App.config本地配置连接语句：

<add name="sql" connectionString="Provider=Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB.12.0;Data Source='C:\Users\bncPc\Desktop\Form_legal\Form_legal\db\Legal.accdb'" />

App.config远程配置连接语句：

<add name="sql" connectionString="Provider=Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB.12.0;Data Source=//10.130.16.137/db/Legal.accdb" />

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16  Access数据库操作，封装执行方法？

        //读取配置文件中的连接字符串
        public   static string connstr = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["sql"].ConnectionString;
      // public   static string connstr =@"Provider=MS Remote; Remote Server=http://10.130.16.135; Remote Provider=Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB.12.0;Data Source='C:\Users\bncPc\Desktop\Form_legal\Form_legal\db\Legal.accdb'";

        //static string connstr = "data source=ORCL;User Id=system;Password=orcl";
        // static string connstr = @"Provider=Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB.12.0;Data Source=//10.130.16.135/db2/Legal.accdb;Persist Security Info=False" ";

       //public static string connstr = @"Provider=Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB.12.0;Data Source=//10.130.16.135/db2/Legal.accdb";
        public static bool TestConn()
        {
                OleDbConnection conn = new OleDbConnection(connstr);
                bool flag = true;
                if (conn != null)
                {
                    try
                    {
                        conn.Open();
                        flag = true;
                    }
                    catch
                    {
                        flag=false;
                        return flag;
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                   flag=false;
                }
                return flag;
        }
        public static DataSet GetSetData(string sql)
        {
            DataSet ds = new DataSet();
            using (OleDbConnection conn = new OleDbConnection(connstr))
            {
                using (OleDbCommand cmd = new OleDbCommand(sql, conn))
                {
                    //根据传来的参数。决定是sql语句还是存储过程
                    //cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
                    conn.Open();
                    using (OleDbDataAdapter sda = new OleDbDataAdapter(cmd))
                    {
                        sda.Fill(ds);
                    }
                }
            }
            return ds;
        }
        public static DataTable GetTableData(string sql)
        {
            DataTable dt = new DataTable();
            using (OleDbConnection conn = new OleDbConnection(connstr))
            {
                try
                {
                    using (OleDbCommand cmd = new OleDbCommand(sql, conn))
                    {
                        //根据传来的参数。决定是sql语句还是存储过程
                        //cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
                        conn.Open();
                        using (OleDbDataAdapter sda = new OleDbDataAdapter(cmd))
                        {
                            sda.Fill(dt);
                        }
                    }
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    dt = null;
                    return dt;
                }
            }
            return dt;
        }
        public static int ExecuteQuery(string sql)
        {
            int res = -;
            using (OleDbConnection conn = new OleDbConnection(connstr))
            {
                using (OleDbCommand cmd = new OleDbCommand(sql, conn))
                {
                    conn.Open();
                    res = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
                }
            }
            return res;
        }

        public static int ExecuteScalar(string sql)
        {
            int res = -;
            using (OleDbConnection conn = new OleDbConnection(connstr))
            {
                using (OleDbCommand cmd = new OleDbCommand(sql, conn))
                {
                    conn.Open();
                    res = Convert.ToInt32(cmd.ExecuteScalar());
                }
            }
            return res;
        }

【篇末】项目小结

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本程序对数据控件的外观设置、手写分页、树操作、远程数据库配置等。特别是对父窗体Panel面板的页面显示略为复杂。其他基本事件操作和易错点与忽略点做以总结。下章具体展开对数据信息的导出和扇形统计图的绘制。最后一篇介绍整体配置和安装需求等实施总结！