函数功能:实现主流浏览器的文件下载功能;
兼容性: >=IE10,Edge,chrome,firefox;
与后台的请求方式:GET请求, url携带参数 url?id=123(隐藏文件真实路径);
实现下载功能的前提是判断出浏览器类型:
browserType: function(){ var userAgent = navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase(); // Figure out what browser is being used var testCenter = { ie:function isIE() { //ie? if (!!window.ActiveXObject || "ActiveXObject" in window) return true; else return false; }, edge : ()=>{ return /dge/.test(userAgent) }, chrome:()=>{ return /chrome/.test(userAgent)}, safari: ()=>{ return /safari/.test(userAgent)&&!(/chrome/.test(userAgent))}, opera: ()=>{ return /opera/.test(userAgent) } , msie: ()=>{ return /msie/.test(userAgent) && !/opera/.test(userAgent) }, mozilla: ()=>{ return /mozilla/.test(userAgent) && !/(compatible|webkit)/.test(userAgent) } }; var browserObj = {}; for(var k in testCenter){ var result = testCenter[k](); var version = (userAgent.match(/.+(?:rv|it|ra|ie)[\/: ]([\d.]+)/) || [])[1]; if(result){ browserObj.browser = k; browserObj.version = version; return browserObj; } } },
下载函数定义:如下
dlFile : function(options) { var that = this; var url = options.url; url += "?" + $.param(options.data); //这里也可以不用jq var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest(); //发起请求 xhr.open('get', url); xhr.responseType = 'blob'; //规定响应为流文件 xhr.send(); xhr.onreadystatechange = function(){ if (this.readyState == 4){ if (this.status == '401' || this.status == '402') { //在这里可以进行一些请求失败的处理 } else if(this.status == 200) { var currentBrowserType = that.browserType(); //判断浏览器类型 见上述browserType函数; if(currentBrowserType.browser==='ie'&&(currentBrowserType.version == "10.0" || currentBrowserType.version == "11.0")){ //如果IE创建iframe对象来下载 var href = window.URL.createObjectURL(this.response); var elemIF = document.createElement("iframe"); elemIF.src = "http://" + location.host + '/crowd-web/file/downloadFile?' + $.param(options.data); elemIF.style.display = "none"; document.body.appendChild(elemIF); }else if( currentBrowserType.browser==='edge'){ //如果edge使用h5的a标签的下载功能实现 if (this.getResponseHeader("content-disposition")) { var fileName = decodeURI(this.getResponseHeader("content-disposition").replace("attachment;filename=", "")); } var href = "http://" + location.host + '/crowd-web/file/downloadFile?' + $.param(options.data); var $dllink = $('<a href="' + href + '" download="' + fileName + '" ></a>').appendTo(document.body); $dllink[0].click(); window.URL.revokeObjectURL(href); } else { //其他现代浏览器采用H5的a标签新特性实现 var href = window.URL.createObjectURL(this.response); if (this.getResponseHeader("content-disposition")) { var fileName = decodeURI(this.getResponseHeader("content-disposition").replace("attachment;filename=", "")); } var $dllink = $('<a href="' + href + '" download="' + fileName + '" ></a>').appendTo(document.body); //initMouseEvent已经被放弃,直接使用a标签的dom节点click功能触发点击 //var event = document.createEvent("MouseEvents"); //event.initMouseEvent( // "click", true, false, window, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 // , false, false, false, false, 0, null //); //$dllink[0].dispatchEvent(event); $dllink[0].click(); window.URL.revokeObjectURL(href); //告诉浏览器可以释放该路径 } } } }; },
下载函数调用:如下
(以上方法均定义在全局对象tools中,也可以写成自己需要的方式)
tools.dlFile({ data : {"fileId":item.id}, url :config.URL.downLoad, contentType : "application/json;chartset=utf-8", })
相关知识点:
文件下载的最佳方法选用:博文;
使用H5 a标签的新特性:博文;
Blob对象及createObjectURL 和revokeObjectURL方法 : 博文;
提问:
a标签模拟click事件: 你猜如下代码能触发页面调转吗?
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> </head> <body> <a href="http://www.baidu.com" id="hehe">百度</a> <button>跳到百度</button> <script src="bower_components/jquery/dist/jquery.js"></script> <script> $("button").click(function(){ alert(123) $("#hehe").click(); }) </script> </body> </html>