ThreadPoolExecutor

ThreadPoolExecutor机制
一、概述
1、ThreadPoolExecutor作为java.util.concurrent包对外提供基础实现，以内部线程池的形式对外提供管理任务执行，线程调度，线程池管理等等服务；
2、Executors方法提供的线程服务，都是通过参数设置来实现不同的线程池机制。
3、先来了解其线程池管理的机制，有助于正确使用，避免错误使用导致严重故障。同时可以根据自己的需求实现自己的线程池

二、核心构造方法讲解
下面是ThreadPoolExecutor最核心的构造方法

public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
int maximumPoolSize,
long keepAliveTime,
TimeUnit unit,
BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue,
ThreadFactory threadFactory,
RejectedExecutionHandler handler) {
if (corePoolSize < 0 ||
maximumPoolSize <= 0 ||
maximumPoolSize < corePoolSize ||
keepAliveTime < 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException();
if (workQueue == null || threadFactory == null || handler == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
this.corePoolSize = corePoolSize;
this.maximumPoolSize = maximumPoolSize;
this.workQueue = workQueue;
this.keepAliveTime = unit.toNanos(keepAliveTime);
this.threadFactory = threadFactory;
this.handler = handler;
}

构造方法参数讲解

参数名	作用
corePoolSize	核心线程池大小
maximumPoolSize	最大线程池大小
keepAliveTime	线程池中超过corePoolSize数目的空闲线程最大存活时间；可以allowCoreThreadTimeOut(true)使得核心线程有效时间
TimeUnit	keepAliveTime时间单位
workQueue	阻塞任务队列
threadFactory	新建线程工厂
RejectedExecutionHandler	当提交任务数超过maxmumPoolSize+workQueue之和时，任务会交给RejectedExecutionHandler来处理

重点讲解：
其中比较容易让人误解的是：corePoolSize，maximumPoolSize，workQueue之间关系。

1.当线程池小于corePoolSize时，新提交任务将创建一个新线程执行任务，即使此时线程池中存在空闲线程。
2.当线程池达到corePoolSize时，新提交任务将被放入workQueue中，等待线程池中任务调度执行
3.当workQueue已满，且maximumPoolSize>corePoolSize时，新提交任务会创建新线程执行任务
4.当提交任务数超过maximumPoolSize时，新提交任务由RejectedExecutionHandler处理
5.当线程池中超过corePoolSize线程，空闲时间达到keepAliveTime时，关闭空闲线程
6.当设置allowCoreThreadTimeOut(true)时，线程池中corePoolSize线程空闲时间达到keepAliveTime也将关闭

线程管理机制图示：
ThreadPoolExecutor

三、Executors提供的线程池配置方案

1、构造一个固定线程数目的线程池，配置的corePoolSize与maximumPoolSize大小相同，同时使用了一个*LinkedBlockingQueue存放阻塞任务，因此多余的任务将存在再阻塞队列，不会由RejectedExecutionHandler处理

public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads) {
return new ThreadPoolExecutor(nThreads, nThreads,
0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>());
}

2、构造一个缓冲功能的线程池，配置corePoolSize=0，maximumPoolSize=Integer.MAX_VALUE，keepAliveTime=60s,以及一个无容量的阻塞队列 SynchronousQueue，因此任务提交之后，将会创建新的线程执行；线程空闲超过60s将会销毁

public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool() {
return new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE,
60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>());
}

3、构造一个只支持一个线程的线程池，配置corePoolSize=maximumPoolSize=1，*阻塞队列LinkedBlockingQueue；保证任务由一个线程串行执行

public static ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor() {
return new FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService
(new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1,
0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>()));
}

4、构造有定时功能的线程池，配置corePoolSize，*延迟阻塞队列DelayedWorkQueue；有意思的是：maximumPoolSize=Integer.MAX_VALUE，由于DelayedWorkQueue是*队列，所以这个值是没有意义的

public static ScheduledExecutorService newScheduledThreadPool(int corePoolSize) {
return new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(corePoolSize);
}
public static ScheduledExecutorService newScheduledThreadPool(
int corePoolSize, ThreadFactory threadFactory) {
return new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(corePoolSize, threadFactory);
}
public ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
ThreadFactory threadFactory) {
super(corePoolSize, Integer.MAX_VALUE, 0, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS,
new DelayedWorkQueue(), threadFactory);
}

四、定制属于自己的非阻塞线程池

import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionHandler;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
public class CustomThreadPoolExecutor {
private ThreadPoolExecutor pool = null;
/**
* 线程池初始化方法
*
* corePoolSize 核心线程池大小----10
* maximumPoolSize 最大线程池大小----30
* keepAliveTime 线程池中超过corePoolSize数目的空闲线程最大存活时间----30+单位TimeUnit
* TimeUnit keepAliveTime时间单位----TimeUnit.MINUTES
* workQueue 阻塞队列----new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(10)====10容量的阻塞队列
* threadFactory 新建线程工厂----new CustomThreadFactory()====定制的线程工厂
* rejectedExecutionHandler 当提交任务数超过maxmumPoolSize+workQueue之和时,
* 即当提交第41个任务时(前面线程都没有执行完,此测试方法中用sleep(100)),
* 任务会交给RejectedExecutionHandler来处理
*/
public void init() {
pool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(
10,
30,
30,
TimeUnit.MINUTES,
new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(10),
new CustomThreadFactory(),
new CustomRejectedExecutionHandler());
}
public void destory() {
if(pool != null) {
pool.shutdownNow();
}
}
public ExecutorService getCustomThreadPoolExecutor() {
return this.pool;
}
private class CustomThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory {
private AtomicInteger count = new AtomicInteger(0);
@Override
public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
Thread t = new Thread(r);
String threadName = CustomThreadPoolExecutor.class.getSimpleName() + count.addAndGet(1);
System.out.println(threadName);
t.setName(threadName);
return t;
}
}
private class CustomRejectedExecutionHandler implements RejectedExecutionHandler {
@Override
public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor executor) {
// 记录异常
// 报警处理等
System.out.println("error.............");
}
}
// 测试构造的线程池
public static void main(String[] args) {
CustomThreadPoolExecutor exec = new CustomThreadPoolExecutor();
// 1.初始化
exec.init();
ExecutorService pool = exec.getCustomThreadPoolExecutor();
for(int i=1; i<100; i++) {
System.out.println("提交第" + i + "个任务!");
pool.execute(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
Thread.sleep(3000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("running=====");
}
});
}
// 2.销毁----此处不能销毁,因为任务没有提交执行完,如果销毁线程池,任务也就无法执行了
// exec.destory();
try {
Thread.sleep(10000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

方法中建立一个核心线程数为30个，缓冲队列有10个的线程池。每个线程任务，执行时会先睡眠3秒，保证提交10任务时，线程数目被占用完，再提交30任务时，阻塞队列被占用完，，这样提交第41个任务是，会交给CustomRejectedExecutionHandler 异常处理类来处理。

提交任务的代码如下：

public void execute(Runnable command) {
if (command == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
/*
* Proceed in 3 steps:
*
* 1. If fewer than corePoolSize threads are running, try to
* start a new thread with the given command as its first
* task. The call to addWorker atomically checks runState and
* workerCount, and so prevents false alarms that would add
* threads when it shouldn't, by returning false.
*
* 2. If a task can be successfully queued, then we still need
* to double-check whether we should have added a thread
* (because existing ones died since last checking) or that
* the pool shut down since entry into this method. So we
* recheck state and if necessary roll back the enqueuing if
* stopped, or start a new thread if there are none.
*
* 3. If we cannot queue task, then we try to add a new
* thread. If it fails, we know we are shut down or saturated
* and so reject the task.
*/
int c = ctl.get();
if (workerCountOf(c) < corePoolSize) {
if (addWorker(command, true))
return;
c = ctl.get();
}
if (isRunning(c) && workQueue.offer(command)) {
int recheck = ctl.get();
if (! isRunning(recheck) && remove(command))
reject(command);
else if (workerCountOf(recheck) == 0)
addWorker(null, false);
}
else if (!addWorker(command, false))
reject(command);
}

注意：41以后提交的任务就不能正常处理了，因为，execute中提交到任务队列是用的offer方法，如上面代码，这个方法是非阻塞的，所以就会交给CustomRejectedExecutionHandler 来处理，所以对于大数据量的任务来说，这种线程池，如果不设置队列长度会OOM，设置队列长度，会有任务得不到处理，接下来我们构建一个阻塞的自定义线程池

五、定制属于自己的阻塞线程池

package com.tongbanjie.trade.test.commons;
import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionHandler;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
public class CustomThreadPoolExecutor {
private ThreadPoolExecutor pool = null;
/**
* 线程池初始化方法
*
* corePoolSize 核心线程池大小----1
* maximumPoolSize 最大线程池大小----3
* keepAliveTime 线程池中超过corePoolSize数目的空闲线程最大存活时间----30+单位TimeUnit
* TimeUnit keepAliveTime时间单位----TimeUnit.MINUTES
* workQueue 阻塞队列----new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(5)====5容量的阻塞队列
* threadFactory 新建线程工厂----new CustomThreadFactory()====定制的线程工厂
* rejectedExecutionHandler 当提交任务数超过maxmumPoolSize+workQueue之和时,
* 即当提交第41个任务时(前面线程都没有执行完,此测试方法中用sleep(100)),
* 任务会交给RejectedExecutionHandler来处理
*/
public void init() {
pool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(
1,
3,
30,
TimeUnit.MINUTES,
new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(5),
new CustomThreadFactory(),
new CustomRejectedExecutionHandler());
}
public void destory() {
if(pool != null) {
pool.shutdownNow();
}
}
public ExecutorService getCustomThreadPoolExecutor() {
return this.pool;
}
private class CustomThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory {
private AtomicInteger count = new AtomicInteger(0);
@Override
public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
Thread t = new Thread(r);
String threadName = CustomThreadPoolExecutor.class.getSimpleName() + count.addAndGet(1);
System.out.println(threadName);
t.setName(threadName);
return t;
}
}
private class CustomRejectedExecutionHandler implements RejectedExecutionHandler {
@Override
public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor executor) {
try {
// 核心改造点，由blockingqueue的offer改成put阻塞方法
executor.getQueue().put(r);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
// 测试构造的线程池
public static void main(String[] args) {
CustomThreadPoolExecutor exec = new CustomThreadPoolExecutor();
// 1.初始化
exec.init();
ExecutorService pool = exec.getCustomThreadPoolExecutor();
for(int i=1; i<100; i++) {
System.out.println("提交第" + i + "个任务!");
pool.execute(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
System.out.println(">>>task is running=====");
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(10);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
}
// 2.销毁----此处不能销毁,因为任务没有提交执行完,如果销毁线程池,任务也就无法执行了
// exec.destory();
try {
Thread.sleep(10000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

解释：当提交任务被拒绝时，进入拒绝机制，我们实现拒绝方法，把任务重新用阻塞提交方法put提交，实现阻塞提交任务功能，防止队列过大，OOM，提交被拒绝方法在下面

public void execute(Runnable command) {
if (command == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
int c = ctl.get();
if (workerCountOf(c) < corePoolSize) {
if (addWorker(command, true))
return;
c = ctl.get();
}
if (isRunning(c) && workQueue.offer(command)) {
int recheck = ctl.get();
if (! isRunning(recheck) && remove(command))
reject(command);
else if (workerCountOf(recheck) == 0)
addWorker(null, false);
}
else if (!addWorker(command, false))
// 进入拒绝机制，我们把runnable任务拿出来，重新用阻塞操作put，来实现提交阻塞功能
reject(command);
}

总结：
1、用ThreadPoolExecutor自定义线程池，看线程是的用途，如果任务量不大，可以用*队列，如果任务量非常大，要用有界队列，防止OOM
2、如果任务量很大，还要求每个任务都处理成功，要对提交的任务进行阻塞提交，重写拒绝机制，改为阻塞提交。保证不抛弃一个任务
3、最大线程数一般设为2N+1最好，N是CPU核数
4、核心线程数，看应用，如果是任务，一天跑一次，设置为0，合适，因为跑完就停掉了，如果是常用线程池，看任务量，是保留一个核心还是几个核心线程数
5、如果要获取任务执行结果，用CompletionService，但是注意，获取任务的结果的要重新开一个线程获取，如果在主线程获取，就要等任务都提交后才获取，就会阻塞大量任务结果，队列过大OOM，所以最好异步开个线程获取结果

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ThreadPoolExecutor

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