wcf-2

时间:2022-07-21 13:44:45

1.前言

上一篇,我 们通过VS自带的模板引擎自动生成了一个wcf程序,接下来我们将手动实现一个wcf程序。由于应用程序开发中一般都会涉及到大量的增删改查业务,所以这 个程序将简单演示如何在wcf中构建简单的增删改查服务。我们知道WCF是一组通讯服务框架,我将解决方案按大范围划分为服务端,客户端通过服务寄宿程序 产生的代理来调用服务端的公开给客户端消费的方法。总个解决方案由五个项目工程:

  • Service:定义服务契约接口和实现服务契约,此项目类型为类库项目
  • Common:通用层定义数据访问的帮助类,此项目类型为类库项目
  • Entity:定义数据契约,也就是实体对象,此项目类型为类库项目
  • Host:服务寄宿程序,将Service服务程序寄宿在该程序中,此项目类型为控制台应用程序
  • Client:客户端程序,实现对服务的消费,此项目类型为web项目

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2.实现程序

步骤一:建立数据库

为方便演示操作,我们建立一个简单的表,学生信息(Student),创建的脚本如下(此处我采用的是sql server数据库):

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SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIERON
GO CREATE TABLE[dbo].[Student](
[ID] [int] NOT NULL,
[Name] [nvarchar](50) NULL,
[Age] [int] NULL,
[Grade] [nvarchar](50) NULL,
[Address] [nvarchar](50) NULL,
CONSTRAINT [PK_Student] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED
(
[ID] ASC
)WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF,
ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY]
) ON [PRIMARY]
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步骤二:建立Common层

新建一个空白解决方案,名称为WcfDemo,创建完成后新增一个类库文件命名为Common,再添加一个数据库访问帮助类DbHelperSQL:代码如下:

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using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Specialized;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Data.Common;
using System.Collections.Generic; namespace Common
{
public class DbHelperSQL
{
public static string connectionString ="server=.;database=test;uid=sa;pwd=sa123"; public static int ExecuteSql(stringSQLString)
{
using (SqlConnection connection =new SqlConnection(connectionString))
{
using (SqlCommand cmd = newSqlCommand(SQLString, connection))
{
try
{
connection.Open();
int rows =cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
return rows;
}
catch(System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException e)
{
connection.Close();
throw e;
}
}
}
} public static SqlDataReaderExecuteReader(string strSQL)
{
SqlConnection connection = newSqlConnection(connectionString);
SqlCommand cmd = newSqlCommand(strSQL, connection);
try
{
connection.Open();
SqlDataReader myReader =cmd.ExecuteReader(CommandBehavior.CloseConnection);
return myReader;
}
catch(System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException e)
{
throw e;
} } public static DataSet Query(stringSQLString)
{
using (SqlConnection connection =new SqlConnection(connectionString))
{
DataSet ds = new DataSet();
try
{
connection.Open();
SqlDataAdapter command =new SqlDataAdapter(SQLString, connection);
command.Fill(ds,"ds");
}
catch(System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException ex)
{
throw newException(ex.Message);
}
return ds;
}
} } }
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步骤三:建立Entity层

在WcfDemo解决方案上新建一个名称为Entity的类库项目,添加对System.Runtime.Serialization的引用,创建服务的数据契约。新增Student类,代码如下:

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using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Runtime.Serialization; namespace Entity
{
[DataContract]
public class Student
{
[DataMember]
public int ID { get; set; } [DataMember]
public string Name { get; set; } [DataMember]
public int Age { get; set; } [DataMember]
public string Grade { get; set; } [DataMember]
public string Address { get; set; }
}
}
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步骤四:建立Service层

此项目需要对Common和Entity的引用,再添加对System.ServiceModel的引用,以创建服务契约。在该项目中添加IStudent接口,定义服务契约接口,代码如下:

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using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ServiceModel;
using Entity; namespace Service
{
[ServiceContract]
public interface IStudent
{
[OperationContract]
List<Student> GetInfo(stringstrWhere); [OperationContract]
bool Add(Student model); [OperationContract]
bool Update(Student model); [OperationContract]
bool Delete(int id); [OperationContract]
bool Exist(int id);
}
}
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再添加EFStudent类,实现对IStudent接口的实现,代码如下:

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using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Data;
using Common;
using Entity; namespace Service
{
public class EFStudent:IStudent
{
public List<Student>GetInfo(string strWhere)
{
List<Student> listData = newList<Student>();
string strSql = "select * fromstudent";
DataTable dt=DbHelperSQL.Query(strSql).Tables[0];
if (null != dt &&dt.Rows.Count > 0)
{
for (int i = 0; i <dt.Rows.Count; i++)
{
Student model = newStudent();
model.ID =Convert.ToInt32(dt.Rows[i]["ID"]);
model.Name =dt.Rows[i]["Name"].ToString();
model.Age =Convert.ToInt32(dt.Rows[i]["Age"]);
model.Grade =dt.Rows[i]["Grade"].ToString();
model.Address =dt.Rows[i]["Address"].ToString();
listData.Add(model);
}
}
return listData;
} public bool Add(Student model)
{
StringBuilder strSql = newStringBuilder();
strSql.Append(" insert intostudent values ");
strSql.Append(" ( ");
strSql.Append(" " +model.ID + ", ");
strSql.Append(" '" +model.Name + "', ");
strSql.Append(" " +model.Age + ", ");
strSql.Append(" '" +model.Grade + "', ");
strSql.Append(" '" +model.Address + "' ");
strSql.Append(" ) "); int rows =DbHelperSQL.ExecuteSql(strSql.ToString());
if (rows > 0)
{
return true;
}
else
{
return false;
}
} public bool Update(Student model)
{
StringBuilder strSql = newStringBuilder();
strSql.Append(" update studentset ");
strSql.Append(" Name= '"+ model.Name + "', ");
strSql.Append(" Age= " +model.Age + ", ");
strSql.Append(" Grade= '" +model.Grade + "', ");
strSql.Append(" Address='" + model.Address + "' ");
strSql.Append(" WhereID=" + model.ID + " "); int rows =DbHelperSQL.ExecuteSql(strSql.ToString());
if (rows > 0)
{
return true;
}
else
{
return false;
}
} public bool Delete(int id)
{
StringBuilder strSql = new StringBuilder();
strSql.Append(" delete fromstudent where ID=" + id + " ");
int rows =DbHelperSQL.ExecuteSql(strSql.ToString());
if (rows > 0)
{
return true;
}
else
{
return false;
}
} public bool Exist(int id)
{
StringBuilder strSql = newStringBuilder();
strSql.Append(" select ID fromstudent where ID=" + id + " ");
DataTable dt =DbHelperSQL.Query(strSql.ToString()).Tables[0];
if (null != dt &&dt.Rows.Count > 0)
{
return true;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
}
}
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步骤五:建立Host层,对Service进行寄宿

此项目需要对Service项目的引用,并添加对using System.ServiceModel的引用,添加寄宿的服务配置文件App.config,代码如下:

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<?xmlversion="1.0"?>
<configuration>
<system.serviceModel>
<services>
<servicename="Service.EFStudent"behaviorConfiguration="EFStudentBehavior">
<host>
<baseAddresses>
<addbaseAddress="http://127.0.0.1:1234/EFStudent/"/>
</baseAddresses>
</host> <endpoint address="" binding="wsHttpBinding"contract="Service.IStudent"/>
<endpoint address="mex"binding="mexHttpBinding" contract="IMetadataExchange"/>
</service>
</services> <behaviors>
<serviceBehaviors>
<behaviorname="EFStudentBehavior">
<serviceMetadatahttpGetEnabled="True"/>
<serviceDebugincludeExceptionDetailInFaults="True"/>
</behavior>
</serviceBehaviors>
</behaviors>
</system.serviceModel> <startup>
<supportedRuntime version="v4.0"sku=".NETFramework,Version=v4.0"/>
</startup>
</configuration>
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服务寄宿程序Host的Program.cs的代码如下:

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using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.ServiceModel;
using Service; namespace Host
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
try
{
using (ServiceHost host = newServiceHost(typeof(EFStudent)))
{
host.Opened += delegate
{
Console.WriteLine("StudentService已经启动,按任意键终止!");
}; host.Open();
Console.Read();
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
}
}
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此时,可以编译程序,找到Host项目生成目录,运行Host.exe,就可以对服务进行寄宿,如果寄宿成功,在浏览器中输入http://127.0.0.1:1234/EFStudent地址,就可以看到如下图所示页面:

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步骤六:建立Web客户端

新建一个空Client的Web引用程序,添加对服务的引用,输入刚才在浏览器中输入的地址,然后点击发现前往按钮就可以发现服务了,点击确定添加对服务的引用,vs会自动生成对服务的应用配置文件和代理类,如果需要手动生成,可以参考WCF初探—1:认识wcf。添加MainForm.aspx页面,前端代码如下:

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<%@ PageLanguage="C#" AutoEventWireup="true"CodeBehind="MainForm.aspx.cs"EnableEventValidation="false" Inherits="Client.MainForm" %>

<!DOCTYPE htmlPUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN""http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

<htmlxmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<headrunat="server">
<title></title>
<scripttype="text/javascript">
var prevselitem = null;
function selectx(row) {
if (prevselitem != null) {
prevselitem.style.backgroundColor = '#ffffff';
}
row.style.backgroundColor ='PeachPuff';
prevselitem = row; }
</script>
</head>
<body>
<form id="form1"runat="server">
<asp:GridView ID="GridView1"runat="server" AutoGenerateColumns="False"
onrowdeleting="GridView1_RowDeleting"
onrowdatabound="GridView1_RowDataBound"
onrowcommand="GridView1_RowCommand">
<Columns>
<asp:TemplateFieldHeaderText="编号">
<ItemTemplate>
<asp:LabelID="lbl_id" runat="server" Text='<%#Bind("ID") %>'></asp:Label>
</ItemTemplate>
</asp:TemplateField>
<asp:BoundFieldDataField="Name" HeaderText="姓名" />
<asp:BoundField DataField="Age"HeaderText="年龄"/>
<asp:BoundFieldDataField="Grade" HeaderText="年级" />
<asp:BoundFieldDataField="Address" HeaderText="家庭地址" />
<asp:CommandFieldHeaderText="删除"ShowDeleteButton="True" />
<asp:TemplateFieldHeaderText="编辑">
        <ItemTemplate>
            <asp:LinkButtonID="lbtID"
CommandName="lbtn" runat="server"ForeColor="Blue" Text="编辑">
</asp:LinkButton>
          </ItemTemplate>
</asp:TemplateField>
</Columns>
</asp:GridView> <p>编号<asp:TextBox ID="txt_id"runat="server"></asp:TextBox></p>
<p>姓名<asp:TextBox ID="txt_name"runat="server"></asp:TextBox></p>
<p>年龄<asp:TextBox ID="txt_age"runat="server"></asp:TextBox></p>
<p>年级<asp:TextBox ID="txt_grade"runat="server"></asp:TextBox></p>
<p>家庭地址<asp:TextBox ID="txt_address"runat="server"></asp:TextBox></p>
<asp:Button ID="btnAdd"runat="server" Text="保存" onclick="btnAdd_Click" />
</form> </body>
</html>
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后台代码如下:

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using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
using Client.ServiceReference; namespace Client
{
public partial class MainForm :System.Web.UI.Page
{
StudentClient proxy = newStudentClient();
protected void Page_Load(object sender,EventArgs e)
{
if (!Page.IsPostBack)
{
BindData();
}
} private void BindData()
{
Student[] listData =proxy.GetInfo("");
this.GridView1.DataSource =listData.ToList();
this.GridView1.DataBind();
} protected void btnAdd_Click(objectsender, EventArgs e)
{
Student model = new Student();
model.ID =Convert.ToInt32(this.txt_id.Text);
model.Name = this.txt_name.Text;
model.Age =Convert.ToInt32(this.txt_age.Text);
model.Grade = this.txt_grade.Text;
model.Address =this.txt_address.Text;
if (proxy.Exist(model.ID))
{
proxy.Update(model);
}
else
{
proxy.Add(model);
} BindData();
} protected voidGridView1_RowDeleting(object sender, GridViewDeleteEventArgs e)
{ int id =Convert.ToInt16(((GridView1.Rows[e.RowIndex].FindControl("lbl_id") asLabel).Text));
bool flag = proxy.Delete(id);
if (flag)
{
Response.Write("<Script>alert(' 删除成功!')</Script> ");
BindData();
}
else
{
Response.Write("<Script>alert(' 删除失败!')</Script> ");
}
} protected voidGridView1_RowDataBound(object sender, GridViewRowEventArgs e)
{
if (e.Row.RowType ==DataControlRowType.DataRow)
{
e.Row.Attributes.Add("onclick", e.Row.ClientID.ToString() +".checked=true;selectx(this)");//点击行变色 }
} protected voidGridView1_RowCommand(object sender, GridViewCommandEventArgs e)
{
if (e.CommandName =="lbtn")
        {
          GridViewRow gvrow =(GridViewRow)(((LinkButton)e.CommandSource).NamingContainer); //获取被点击的linkButton所在的GridViewRow
          int index =gvrow.RowIndex; //获取到行索引 RowIndex this.txt_id.Text =(GridView1.Rows[index].Cells[0].FindControl("lbl_id") asLabel).Text.Trim();
        this.txt_name.Text=GridView1.Rows[index].Cells[1].Text.Trim();
this.txt_age.Text =GridView1.Rows[index].Cells[2].Text.Trim();
this.txt_grade.Text =GridView1.Rows[index].Cells[3].Text.Trim();
this.txt_address.Text =GridView1.Rows[index].Cells[4].Text.Trim();         }     
} }
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到此,我们完成了一个手动编写的WCF程序,我没有讲太多的原理,这个在网络上可以搜索到很多对概念的解释,我这个以实际操作为准,对平时学习的一个积累,如有不当之处,欢迎指出,共同学习进步。

wcf-2

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