首先,我们先来了解一个基本的知识点,用什么工具来发邮件?
简单的说一下,目前用的比较多的客户端:OutLook,Foxmail等
顺便了解一下POP3、SMTP协议的区别:
POP3,全名为“Post Office Protocol - Version 3”,即“邮局协议版本3”。是TCP/IP协议族中的一员,由RFC1939 定义。本协议主要用于支持使用客户端远程管理在服务器上的电子邮件,提供了SSL加密。
SMTP(Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)即简单邮件传输协议,它是一组用于由源地址到目的地址传送邮件的规则,由它来控制信件的中转方式。SMTP协议属于TCP/IP协议簇,它帮助每台计算机在发送或中转信件时找到下一个目的地。
POP服务器是用来收信的,而且每个Email地址一般只有一个。如果你要同时收取多个邮箱的信件,就必须挨个设置每个邮箱的POP3服务器地址。
SMTP则是负责邮件服务器与邮件服务器之间的寄信的通讯协定。
pop3的端口:110 smtp的端口:25
下面就是真实的例子了。
JAVA邮件发送的步骤:
1、构建一个继承自javax.mail.Authenticator的具体类,并重写里面的getPasswordAuthentication()方法。此类是用作登录校验的,以确保你对该邮箱有发送邮件的权利。
2、构建一个properties文件,该文件中存放SMTP服务器地址等参数。
3、通过构建的properties文件和javax.mail.Authenticator具体类来创建一个javax.mail.Session。Session的创建,就相当于登录邮箱一样。剩下的自然就是新建邮件。
4、构建邮件内容,一般是javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage对象,并指定发送人,收信人,主题,内容等等。
5、使用javax.mail.Transport工具类发送邮件。
示例1:使用JavaMail发送邮件——文本文件
EmailAuthenticator类
public class EmailAuthenticator extends Authenticator { private String username; //用户名 private String userpass;//密码 /** * @return the username */ public String getUsername() { return username; } /** * @return the userpass */ public String getUserpass() { return userpass; } public void setUsername(String username) { this.username = username; } public void setUserpass(String userpass) { this.userpass = userpass; } /** * */ public EmailAuthenticator() { } /** * * @param username * @param userpass */ public EmailAuthenticator(String username, String userpass) { this.username = username; this.userpass = userpass; } /** * */ public PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication(){ return new PasswordAuthentication(username,userpass); } }
Mail类
public class Mail { private String mailServer,from,to,mailSubject,mailContent; private String username,password; public Mail() { //认证登录用户 username="wgy@mail.com"; //username="m15010033XXX_1@163.com"; //认证密码 password="wgy"; //password="greatXXX"; //认证的邮箱对应的邮件服务器 // mailServer="192.168.15.XXX"; mailServer="mail.com"; //发件人信息 from="wgy@mail.com"; //from="m15010033XXX_1@163.com"; //收件人信息 to="dog@mail.com"; //to="tom"; //to="yyXXX@126.com"; //邮件标题 mailSubject="心跳"; //邮件内容 mailContent="XXX——————————————————————————————未知的时间和地点"; } //设置邮件服务器 @SuppressWarnings("static-access") public void sendInfo() { Properties props=System.getProperties(); //指定邮件server props.put("mail.smtp.host", mailServer); //是否开启认证 props.put("mail.smtp.auth", "true"); //smtp协议的 props.put("); //产生Session服务 EmailAuthenticator authenticator=new EmailAuthenticator(username, password); // 根据邮件会话属性和密码验证器构造一个发送邮件的session Session session = Session.getInstance(props, authenticator); // 根据session创建一个邮件消息 Message message=new MimeMessage(session); try { // 创建邮件发送者地址 message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from)); // Message.RecipientType.TO属性表示接收者的类型为TO message.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(to)); // 设置邮件消息的主题 message.setSubject(mailSubject); //设置内容(设置字符集处理乱码问题) ,设置HTML内容 message.setContent(mailContent,"text/html;charset=gbk"); // 设置邮件消息发送的时间 message.setSentDate(new Date()); //创建Transport实例 Transport tran=session.getTransport("smtp"); //发送邮件 tran.send(message,message.getAllRecipients()); tran.close(); } catch (Exception e) { e.getMessage(); } }
Test类
public static void main(String[] args) { Mail mail=new Mail();//实例化 mail.sendInfo(); System.out.println("OK"); } }
这样就可以实现了服务器之间的传输。
示例:使用Spring发送简单、带附件、HTML邮件
MailWithHTML类
public class MailWithHTML { private JavaMailSender mailSender; //必须使用 JavaMailSender public void setMailSender(JavaMailSender mailSender) { this.mailSender = mailSender; } public void send() throws MessagingException,IOException{ MimeMessage mimeMessage = mailSender.createMimeMessage(); MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(mimeMessage, true, "UTF-8"); helper.setFrom("wgy@mail.com"); helper.setTo("tom"); helper.setSubject("欢迎来到员工社区"); StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(); sb.append("<html><head>"); sb.append("<meta http-equiv=\"content-type\" content=\"text/html;charset=utf-8\">"); sb.append("<head><body>"); sb.append("<font color='blue' size='5' face='Arial'>"); sb.append("尊敬的jerry您好:</font><br/><br/>"); sb.append(" "); sb.append("<font color='black' size='4' face='Arial'>"); sb.append("恭喜您在员工社区注册账号成功!请妥善保管您的账号," + "如果登录时忘记密码,可以在网站登录页找回。<br/>"); sb.append("<br/><br/>系统管理员</font>"); //增加内嵌图片设置 // sb.append("<br/><img src=\"cid:photo\"></img>"); sb.append("</body></html>"); helper.setText(sb.toString(),true); //增加内嵌文件 ClassPathResource file = new ClassPathResource("/cn/bdqn/attachfiles/Quartz.rar"); helper.addInline("photo", file); mailSender.send(mimeMessage); }
MailWithAttachment类
public class MailWithAttachment { private JavaMailSender mailSender; //必须使用 JavaMailSender public void setMailSender(JavaMailSender mailSender) { this.mailSender = mailSender; } public void send() throws MessagingException,IOException{ MimeMessage mimeMessage = mailSender.createMimeMessage(); MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(mimeMessage, true, "UTF-8"); helper.setFrom("wgy@mail.com"); //helper.setFrom("m15010033582_1@163.com"); helper.setTo("tom"); helper.setSubject("问好"); helper.setText("好久不见,最近好吗?"); //添加附件1 ClassPathResource file1 = new ClassPathResource( "/cn/bdqn/attachfiles/test.doc"); helper.addAttachment(file1.getFilename(), file1.getFile()); //添加附件2:附件的文件名为中文时,需要对文件名进行编码转换,解决乱码问题 ClassPathResource file2 = new ClassPathResource( "/cn/bdqn/attachfiles/JAVA-SSH(三大框架)面试题.doc"); helper.addAttachment(MimeUtility.encodeWord(file2.getFilename()),file2.getFile()); mailSender.send(mimeMessage); }
Mail类
public class Mail { private MailSender mailSender; public void setMailSender(MailSender mailSender) { this.mailSender = mailSender; } public void send(){ SimpleMailMessage message = new SimpleMailMessage(); message.setFrom("wgy@mail.com"); message.setTo("tom"); message.setSubject("问好"); message.setText("好久不见!!!!!!!!!"); mailSender.send(message); } }
applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd"> <bean id="mailSender" class="org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl"> <property name="host" value="192.168.15.2xx"></property><!-- 服务器 --> <!-- <property name="host" value="smtp.163.com"></property> --><!-- 服务器 --> <property name="></property><!-- 端口 --> <property name="username" value="wgy"></property><!-- 用户名 --> <!-- <property name="username" value="m15010033xxx_1@163.com"></property> --> <property name="password" value="wgy"></property><!-- 密码 --> <!-- <property name="password" value="greatxxx"></property> --> <property name="protocol" value="smtp" ></property><!-- 协议 --> <property name="defaultEncoding" value="utf-8"></property><!-- 默认编码 --> <property name="javaMailProperties"> <props> <!-- 设置SMTP服务器需要用户验证 --> <prop key="mail.smtp.auth">true</prop> </props> </property> </bean> <bean id="mail" class="cn.bdqn.Mail"> <property name="mailSender" ref="mailSender"></property> </bean> <bean id="mailWithAttachment" class="cn.bdqn.MailWithAttachment"> <property name="mailSender" ref="mailSender"></property> </bean> <bean id="mailWithHtml" class="cn.bdqn.MailWithHTML"> <property name="mailSender" ref="mailSender"></property> </bean> </beans>
MailTest类
public class MailTest { public static void main(String[] args){ ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml"); /*测试简单邮件*/ Mail mail = (Mail)context.getBean("mail"); mail.send(); /*测试带附件的邮件*/ try{ MailWithAttachment mailWithAttach = (MailWithAttachment)context.getBean("mailWithAttachment"); mailWithAttach.send(); }catch(Exception e){ System.out.print(e.toString()); } /*测试HTML格式的邮件*/ try{ MailWithHTML mailWithHtml = (MailWithHTML)context.getBean("mailWithHtml"); mailWithHtml.send(); System.out.println("我ok了"); }catch(Exception e){ System.out.print(e.toString()); } }
注意
jar包
资源
示例:使用模板创建邮件正文
MailService类
public class MailService { private JavaMailSender mailSender; private Configuration freeMarkerConfiguration; public void setMailSender(JavaMailSender mailSender) { this.mailSender = mailSender; } public void setFreeMarkerConfiguration(Configuration freeMarkerConfiguration) { this.freeMarkerConfiguration = freeMarkerConfiguration; } private String getMailText(){ String htmlText = ""; try{ //获取模板实例 Template template = freeMarkerConfiguration.getTemplate("mail.ftl"); //通过Map传递动态数据 Map map = new HashMap(); map.put("user", "jerry"); //解析模板文件 htmlText = FreeMarkerTemplateUtils .processTemplateIntoString(template, map); }catch(IOException e){ e.printStackTrace(); }catch(TemplateException e){ e.printStackTrace(); }catch(Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); } return htmlText; } public void sendMail() throws MessagingException,IOException{ MimeMessage mimeMessage = mailSender.createMimeMessage(); MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper( mimeMessage, true, "UTF-8"); helper.setFrom("tina@mail.com"); helper.setTo("jerry@mail.com"); helper.setSubject("欢迎来到员工社区"); helper.setText(getMailText(),true); mailSender.send(mimeMessage); }
applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd"> <bean id="mailSender" class="org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl"> <property name="host" value="mail.com"></property> <property name="></property> <property name="username" value="tina"></property> <property name="></property> <property name="protocol" value="smtp" ></property> <property name="defaultEncoding" value="utf-8"></property> <property name="javaMailProperties"> <props> <!-- 设置SMTP服务器需要用户验证 --> <prop key="mail.smtp.auth">true</prop> </props> </property> </bean> <bean id="freeMarkerConfiguration" class="org.springframework.ui.freemarker.FreeMarkerConfigurationFactoryBean"> <!-- 指定模板文件路径 --> <property name="templateLoaderPath" value="cn/bdqn/mailtemplate/"></property> <!-- 设置FreeMarker环境变量 --> <property name="freemarkerSettings"> <props> <prop key=</prop> </props> </property> </bean> <bean id="mailService" class="cn.bdqn.MailService"> <property name="mailSender" ref="mailSender"></property> <property name="freeMarkerConfiguration" ref="freeMarkerConfiguration"></property> </bean> </beans>
MailTest类
public class MailTest { public static void main(String[] args){ ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml"); try{ MailService mailService = (MailService)context.getBean("mailService"); mailService.sendMail(); }catch(Exception e){ System.out.print(e.toString()); } }