前言
一般我们在访问容器时需要通过容器的端口来访问，那如何设置容器的端口映射呢？
我们通过以下命令来设置：
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docker run -p ip:hostport:containerport [--name] [-i] [-t] 镜像名 [command][arg...]
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- ip：表示宿主机ip
- hostport：宿主机端口号
- containerport：容器端口号
设置的方式有以下几种：
containerport，指定容器端口号,宿主机端口随机生成
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[root@localhost ~]# docker run -p 80 --name web_test -i -t 80864d42dd23 hub.c.163.com/library/ubuntu /bin/bash
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hostport：containerport映射主机端口和容器端口
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[root@localhost ~]# docker run -p 8080:80 --name web_test -i -t 80864d42dd23 hub.c.163.com/library/ubuntu /bin/bash
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ip::containerport设置主机的随机端口到容器端口
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[root@localhost ~]# docker run -p 0.0.0.0::80 --name web_test -i -t 80864d42dd23 hub.c.163.com/library/ubuntu /bin/bash
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ip:hostport:containerport映射指定地址的指定端口到容器的指定端口
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[root@localhost ~]# docker run -p 0.0.0.0:8080:80 --name web_test -i -t 80864d42dd23 hub.c.163.com/library/ubuntu /bin/bash
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下面通过nginx在容器部署静态网页，通过以下步骤
- 创建80映射端口的交互式容器
- 安装nginx
- 安装文本编辑器vim
- 创建静态网页
- 运行nginx
- 验证网页
示例如下（如果安装完ubuntu后不能安装nginx进行apt-get update）:
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[root@localhost ~]# docker run -p 80 --name static_test -i -t hub.c.163.com/library/ubuntu /bin/bash
root@25fcbf6e953d:/# apt-get install -y nginx
reading package lists... done
building dependency tree
reading state information... done
e: unable to locate package nginx
root@25fcbf6e953d:/# apt-get update
get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial inrelease [247 kb]
get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates inrelease [102 kb]
**中间日志省略。。。。。。。。。。**
fetched 24.9 mb in 9s (2717 kb/s)
reading package lists... done
root@25fcbf6e953d:/# apt-get install -y nginx
reading package lists... done
building dependency tree
reading state information... done
**安装日志省略。。。。。。。。。。**
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然后安装vim:
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root@25fcbf6e953d:/# apt-get install -y vim
reading package lists... done
building dependency tree
reading state information... done
the following additional packages will be installed:
**安装日志省略。。。。。。。。。。**
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然后建立存放静态文件的目录，并创建一个简单的html文件：
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root@25fcbf6e953d:/# mkdir -p /var/www/html
root@25fcbf6e953d:/#
root@25fcbf6e953d:/# cd /var/www/html/
root@25fcbf6e953d:/var/www/html# vim index.html
root@25fcbf6e953d:/var/www/html# ll
total 8
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 53 mar 13 05:02 ./
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 17 mar 13 04:50 ../
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 79 mar 13 05:02 index.html
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 612 mar 13 04:51 index.nginx-debian.html
root@25fcbf6e953d:/var/www/html# cat index.html
<html>
<body>
<h1>
this is the first docker static file
</h1>
</body>
</html>
root@25fcbf6e953d:/var/www/html#
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找到nginx的安装目录，更改default的root值为刚才创建的目录：
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root@25fcbf6e953d:/var/www/html# whereis nginx
nginx: /usr/sbin/nginx /etc/nginx /usr/share/nginx
root@25fcbf6e953d:/var/www/html# cd /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
root@25fcbf6e953d:/etc/nginx/sites-enabled# ll
total 4
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 20 mar 13 04:51 ./
drwxr-xr-x. 6 root root 4096 mar 13 04:51 ../
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 34 mar 13 04:51 default -> /etc/nginx/sites-available/default
root@25fcbf6e953d:/etc/nginx/sites-enabled# vim default
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然后启动nginx,查看容器进程：
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root@25fcbf6e953d:/etc/nginx/sites-enabled# nginx
root@25fcbf6e953d:/etc/nginx/sites-enabled# ps -ef
uid pid ppid c stime tty time cmd
root 1 0 0 04:48 ? 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 827 1 0 05:06 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx
www-data 828 827 0 05:06 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
www-data 829 827 0 05:06 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
www-data 830 827 0 05:06 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
www-data 831 827 0 05:06 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
www-data 832 827 0 05:06 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
www-data 833 827 0 05:06 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
www-data 834 827 0 05:06 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
www-data 835 827 0 05:06 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root 836 1 0 05:07 ? 00:00:00 ps -ef
root@25fcbf6e953d:/etc/nginx/sites-enabled#
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然后按ctrl+p,ctrl+q退出交互式容器。
使用docker ps查看容器的端口和运行情况，也可以通过dcoker port 镜像名查看：
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root@localhost ~]# docker ps
container id image command created status ports names
25fcbf6e953d hub.c.163.com/library/ubuntu "/bin/bash" 18 minutes ago up 18 minutes 0.0.0.0:32772->80/tcp static_test
[root@localhost ~]# docker port static_test
80/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:32772
[root@localhost ~]#
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可以看到容器的80端口映射到注解的32772端口。
通过curl访问创建的index.html文件：
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[root@localhost ~]# curl http://127.0.0.1:32772/index.html
<html>
<body>
<h1>
this is the first docker static file
</h1>
</body>
</html>
[root@localhost ~]#
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也可以通过docker inspect 容器名来查看容器的详细信息和ip
通过容器ip进行访问：
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[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect static_test
其他信息省略
"ipaddress": "172.17.0.5",
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[root@localhost ~]# curl http://172.17.0.5/index.html
<html>
<body>
<h1>
this is the first docker static file
</h1>
</body>
</html>
[root@localhost ~]#
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当我们使用docker stop 容器名停止这个容器后，再使用docker start 容器名启动容器后，里面的nginx并没有启动。那么我们使用docker exec 容器名 nginx来启动：
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[root@localhost ~]# docker stop static_test
static_test
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
container id image command created status ports names
b4f32bbe4a34 hub.c.163.com/library/ubuntu "/bin/bash" 41 hours ago up 41 hours loving_brattain
d75a2d8c7822 xingguo/df_test1 "nginx -g 'daemon off" 2 days ago up 2 days 0.0.0.0:32770->80/tcp df_nginx_web
959c0fc5d903 xingguo/commit_test1 "nginx -g 'daemon off" 2 days ago up 2 days 0.0.0.0:32769->80/tcp nginx_test
[root@localhost ~]# docker start static_test
static_test
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
container id image command created status ports names
25fcbf6e953d hub.c.163.com/library/ubuntu "/bin/bash" 29 minutes ago up 2 seconds 0.0.0.0:32773->80/tcp static_test
b4f32bbe4a34 hub.c.163.com/library/ubuntu "/bin/bash" 41 hours ago up 41 hours loving_brattain
d75a2d8c7822 xingguo/df_test1 "nginx -g 'daemon off" 2 days ago up 2 days 0.0.0.0:32770->80/tcp df_nginx_web
959c0fc5d903 xingguo/commit_test1 "nginx -g 'daemon off" 2 days ago up 2 days 0.0.0.0:32769->80/tcp nginx_test
[root@localhost ~]# docker top static_test
uid pid ppid c stime tty time cmd
root 4719 4702 0 13:17 pts/2 00:00:00 /bin/bash
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec static_test nginx
[root@localhost ~]# docker top static_test
uid pid ppid c stime tty time cmd
root 4719 4702 0 13:17 pts/2 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 4800 1 0 13:18 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx
amandab+ 4801 4800 0 13:18 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
amandab+ 4802 4800 0 13:18 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
amandab+ 4803 4800 0 13:18 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
amandab+ 4804 4800 0 13:18 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
amandab+ 4805 4800 0 13:18 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
amandab+ 4806 4800 0 13:18 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
amandab+ 4807 4800 0 13:18 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
amandab+ 4808 4800 0 13:18 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
[root@localhost ~]#
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总结
以上就是这篇文章的全部内容了，希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作能带来一定的帮助，如有疑问大家可以留言交流，谢谢大家对服务器之家的支持。
原文链接：http://blog.csdn.net/u014231523/article/details/61916145